Mantle beneath the Gibraltar Arc from receiver functions

P and S receiver functions (PRF and SRF) from 19 seismograph stations in the Gibraltar Arc and the Iberian Massif reveal new details of the regional deep structure. Within the high-velocity mantle body below southern Spain the 660-km discontinuity is depressed by at least 20 km. The Ps phase from the 410-km discontinuity is missing at most stations in the Gibraltar Arc. A thin (similar to 50 km) low-S-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity is found under the Atlantic margin. At most stations the S410p phase in the SRFs arrives 1.0-2.5 s earlier than predicted by IASP91 model, but, for the propagation paths through the upper mantle below southern Spain, the arrivals of S410p are delayed by up to +1.5 s. The early arrivals can be explained by elevated Vp/Vs ratio in the upper mantle or by a depressed 410-km discontinuity. The positive residuals are indicative of a low (similar to 1.7 versus similar to 1.8 in IASP91) Vp/Vs ratio. Previously, the low ratio was found in depleted lithosphere of Precambrian cratons. From simultaneous inversion of the PRFs and SRFs we recognize two types of the mantle: 'continental' and 'oceanic'. In the 'continental' upper mantle the S-wave velocity in the high-velocity lid is 4.4-4.5 km s(-1), the S-velocity contrast between the lid and the underlying mantle is often near the limit of resolution (0.1 km s(-1)), and the bottom of the lid is at a depth reaching 90 100 km. In the 'oceanic' domain, the S-wave velocities in the lid and the underlying mantle are typically 4.2-4.3 and similar to 4.0 km s(-1), respectively. The bottom of the lid is at a shallow depth (around 50 km), and at some locations the lid is replaced by a low S-wave velocity layer. The narrow S-N-oriented band of earthquakes at depths from 70 to 120 km in the Alboran Sea is in the 'continental' domain, near the boundary between the 'continental' and 'oceanic' domains, and the intermediate seismicity may be an effect of ongoing destruction of the continental lithosphere.

Ambient noise tomography of the East African Rift in Mozambique

Seismic ambient noise tomography is applied to central and southern Mozambique, located in the tip of the East African Rift (EAR). The deployment of MOZART seismic network, with a total of 30 broad-band stations continuously recording for 26 months, allowed us to carry out the first tomographic study of the crust under this region, which until now remained largely unexplored at this scale. From cross-correlations extracted from coherent noise we obtained Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves for the period range 5–40 s. These dispersion relations were inverted to produce group velocity maps, and 1-D shear wave velocity profiles at selected points. High group velocities are observed at all periods on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons, in agreement with the findings of previous studies. Further east, a pronounced slow anomaly is observed in central and southern Mozambique, where the rifting between southern Africa and Antarctica created a passive margin in the Mesozoic, and further rifting is currently happening as a result of the southward propagation of the EAR. In this study, we also addressed the question concerning the nature of the crust (continental versus oceanic) in the Mozambique Coastal Plains (MCP), still in debate. Our data do not support previous suggestions that the MCP are floored by oceanic crust since a shallow Moho could not be detected, and we discuss an alternative explanation for its ocean-like magnetic signature. Our velocity maps suggest that the crystalline basement of the Zimbabwe craton may extend further east well into Mozambique underneath the sediment cover, contrary to what is usually assumed, while further south the Kaapval craton passes into slow rifted crust at the Lebombo monocline as expected. The sharp passage from fast crust to slow crust on the northern part of the study area coincides with the seismically active NNE-SSW Urema rift, while further south the Mazenga graben adopts an N-S direction parallel to the eastern limit of the Kaapvaal craton. We conclude that these two extensional structures herald the southward continuation of the EAR, and infer a structural control of the transition between the two types of crust on the ongoing deformation.

Propagation of waves generated by a pressure disturbance moving in a channel

This paper studies the effect of ship speed and water depth on the propagation of ship generated waves. The ship is represented by a moving pressure distribution function at the free surface that is able to reproduce most of the phenomena involved in wave propagation. Results are obtained for a ship sailing along a coastal stretch made of a sloping bottom and a constant depth region. The results show that in the sloping bottom the crests of waves are bent along the slope and in the constant depth the standard Kelvin wave patterns can be found for the subcritical regime. In the critical regime the wave system is characterized by significant diverging waves and for a supercritical regime, the transverse waves disappear. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Automated image tagging through tag propagation

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial Para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Fractional Dynamics of Computer Virus Propagation

We propose a fractional model for computer virus propagation. The model includes the interaction between computers and removable devices. We simulate numerically the model for distinct values of the order of the fractional derivative and for two sets of initial conditions adopted in the literature. We conclude that fractional order systems reveal richer dynamics than the classical integer order counterpart. Therefore, fractional dynamics leads to time responses with super-fast transients and super-slow evolutions towards the steady-state, effects not easily captured by the integer order models.

Damage propagation in composite Materials meso-mechanical models

Composite materials have a complex behavior, which is difficult to predict under different types of loads. In the course of this dissertation a methodology was developed to predict failure and damage propagation of composite material specimens. This methodology uses finite element numerical models created with Ansys and Matlab softwares. The methodology is able to perform an incremental-iterative analysis, which increases, gradually, the load applied to the specimen. Several structural failure phenomena are considered, such as fiber and/or matrix failure, delamination or shear plasticity. Failure criteria based on element stresses were implemented and a procedure to reduce the stiffness of the failed elements was prepared. The material used in this dissertation consist of a spread tow carbon fabric with a 0°/90° arrangement and the main numerical model analyzed is a 26-plies specimen under compression loads. Numerical results were compared with the results of specimens tested experimentally, whose mechanical properties are unknown, knowing only the geometry of the specimen. The material properties of the numerical model were adjusted in the course of this dissertation, in order to find the lowest difference between the numerical and experimental results with an error lower than 5% (it was performed the numerical model identification based on the experimental results).

Vector of coordinates, velocities and accelerations

This chapter describes the how the vector of coordinates are defined in the formulation of spatial multibody systems. For this purpose, the translational motion is described in terms of Cartesian coordinates, while rotational motion is specified using the technique of Euler parameters. This approach avoids the computational difficulties associated with the singularities in the case of using Euler angles or Bryant angles. Moreover, the formulation of the velocities vector and accelerations vector is presented and analyzed here. These two sets of vectors are defined in terms of translational and rotational coordinates.

Study of the Myocardial Contraction and Relaxation Velocities through Doppler Tissue Imaging Echocardiography: A New Alternative in the Assessment of the Segmental Ventricular Function

OBJECTIVE: Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) enables the study of the velocity of contraction and relaxation of myocardial segments. We established standards for the peak velocity of the different myocardial segments of the left ventricle in systole and diastole, and correlated them with the electrocardiogram. METHODS: We studied 35 healthy individuals (27 were male) with ages ranging from 12 to 59 years (32.9 ± 10.6). Systolic and diastolic peak velocities were assessed by Doppler tissue imaging in 12 segments of the left ventricle, establishing their mean values and the temporal correlation with the cardiac cycle. RESULTS: The means (and standard deviation) of the peak velocities in the basal, medial, and apical regions (of the septal, anterior, lateral, and posterior left ventricle walls) were respectively, in cm/s, 7.35(1.64), 5.26(1.88), and 3.33(1.58) in systole and 10.56(2.34), 7.92(2.37), and 3.98(1.64) in diastole. The mean time in which systolic peak velocity was recorded was 131.59ms (±19.12ms), and diastolic was 459.18ms (±18.13ms) based on the peak of the R wave of the electrocardiogram. CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, maximum left ventricle segment velocities decreased from the bases to the ventricular apex, with certain proportionality between contraction and relaxation (P<0.05). The use of Doppler tissue imaging may be very helpful in detecting early alterations in ventricular contraction and relaxation.

Desarrollo de Algoritmos Numéricos para el Estudio de la Propagación no Lineal de Ondas en Aplicaciones Aeroespaciales y Astrofísicas. Develop to Numerical Algorithms to Study non-Linear Waves Propagation in Aerospace and Astrophysics Applications.

En este proyecto se desarrollarán algoritmos numéricos para sistemas no lineales hiperbólicos-parabólicos de ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales. Dichos sistemas tienen aplicación en propagación de ondas en ámbitos aeroespaciales y astrofísicos.Objetivos generales: 1)Desarrollo y mejora de algoritmos numéricos con la finalidad de incrementar la calidad en la simulación de propagación e interacción de ondas gasdinámicas y magnetogasdinámicas no lineales. 2)Desarrollo de códigos computacionales con la finalidad de simular flujos gasdinámicos de elevada entalpía incluyendo cambios químicos, efectos dispersivos y difusivos.3)Desarrollo de códigos computacionales con la finalidad de simular flujos magnetogasdinámicos ideales y reales.4)Aplicación de los nuevos algoritmos y códigos computacionales a la solución del flujo aerotermodinámico alrededor de cuerpos que ingresan en la atmósfera terrestre. 5)Aplicación de los nuevos algoritmos y códigos computacionales a la simulación del comportamiento dinámico no lineal de arcos magnéticos en la corona solar. 6)Desarrollo de nuevos modelos para describir el comportamiento no lineal de arcos magnéticos en la corona solar.Este proyecto presenta como objetivo principal la introducción de mejoras en algoritmos numéricos para simular la propagación e interacción de ondas no lineales en dos medios gaseosos: aquellos que no poseen carga eléctrica libre (flujos gasdinámicos) y aquellos que tienen carga eléctrica libre (flujos magnetogasdinámicos). Al mismo tiempo se desarrollarán códigos computacionales que implementen las mejoras de las técnicas numéricas.Los algoritmos numéricos se aplicarán con la finalidad de incrementar el conocimiento en tópicos de interés en la ingeniería aeroespacial como es el cálculo del flujo de calor y fuerzas aerotermodinámicas que soportan objetos que ingresan a la atmósfera terrestre y en temas de astrofísica como la propagación e interacción de ondas, tanto para la transferencia de energía como para la generación de inestabilidades en arcos magnéticos de la corona solar. Estos dos temas poseen en común las técnicas y algoritmos numéricos con los que serán tratados. Las ecuaciones gasdinámicas y magnetogasdinámicas ideales conforman sistemas hiperbólicos de ecuaciones diferenciales y pueden ser solucionados utilizando "Riemann solvers" junto con el método de volúmenes finitos (Toro 1999; Udrea 1999; LeVeque 1992 y 2005). La inclusión de efectos difusivos genera que los sistemas de ecuaciones resulten hiperbólicos-parabólicos. La contribución parabólica puede ser considerada como términos fuentes y tratada adicionalmente tanto en forma explícita como implícita (Udrea 1999; LeVeque 2005).Para analizar el flujo alrededor de cuerpos que ingresan en la atmósfera se utilizarán las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes químicamente activas, mientras la temperatura no supere los 6000K. Para mayores temperaturas es necesario considerar efectos de ionización (Anderson, 1989). Tanto los efectos difusivos como los cambios químicos serán considerados como términos fuentes en las ecuaciones de Euler. Para tratar la propagación de ondas, transferencia de energía e inestabilidades en arcos magnéticos de la corona solar se utilizarán las ecuaciones de la magnetogasdinámica ideal y real. En este caso será también conveniente implementar términos fuente para el tratamiento de fenómenos de transporte como el flujo de calor y el de radiación. Los códigos utilizarán la técnica de volúmenes finitos, junto con esquemas "Total Variation Disminishing - TVD" sobre mallas estructuradas y no estructuradas.

Desarrollo de metodologias de propagación y cultivo de plantas nativas de Córdoba con potencialornamental. Development of propagation and cultivation methodologies of native plants of Córdoba withornamental potential.

El problema: La flora nativa de Córdoba, actualmente amenazada, es rica en especies con potencial ornamental que todavía no se cultivan. El uso de estas plantas está limitado por la escasez de material biológico, la falta de conocimientos de su propagación y su insuficiente valoración pública. Hipótesis: La propagación y el cultivo de una amplia gama de plantas nativas cordobesas con potencial ornamental son técnicamente factibles y tienen potencial productivo y económico. Objetivo: Promover el uso de especies nativas ornamentales en la provincia de Córdoba. Objetivos específicos: 1. Desarrollar metodologías de propagación y cultivo de especies nativas con potencial ornamental; 2. Transferir estas metodologías a viveros privados y públicos; 3. Difundir los conocimientos obtenidos a instituciones educativas. Métodos: 1- Colección: Se realizarán viajes de campo para obtener semillas o esquejes de al menos 6 especies nativas seleccionadas. Las semillas se limpiarán y se conservarán en frío. 2- Propagación: En la primavera se sembrarán 100 semillas por especie, accesión y tratamiento; se registrará porcentaje y tiempo de germinación. Los plantines se trasplantarán a almácigos, se registrará supervivencia y crecimiento. Para la propagación vegetativa, se trasplantarán esquejes de estolones directamente a macetas. 3- Trasplante: En verano, los plantines se trasplantarán a macetas grandes; se registrará supervivencia y crecimiento durante un año. 4- Documentación: Se elaborarán protocolos de las metodologías adecuadas para la propagación de las especies, usos ornamentales y características relevantes. 5- Transferencia: Los protocolos, muestras de semillas y de plantas, se transferirán a dos viveros que se comprometan a continuar con el cultivo de las especies. 6- Difusión: Se realizarán cursos, talleres, charlas y pasantías para dar a conocer la propagación de plantas nativas en instituciones educativas, desde la primaria hasta la universidad. Resultados y productos esperados: 1- Protocolos de propagación de al menos 6 especies nativas ornamentales y su transferencia a viveros, como base de una actividad productiva novedosa. 2- Un aporte a la conservación ex situ y el uso sostenible de la flora nativa. 3- Una mayor valoración de esta en la comunidad educativa. Importancia: 1- Desarrollo de la producción de plantas nativas con valor ornamental, como una alternativa económica. 2- Conservación ex situ y uso sostenible de la flora nativa. 3- Difusión del conocimiento del valor ornamental de las nativas. 4. Información científica de la biología y ecología de especies nativas. Pertinencia: Productos (ver Resultados). El impacto inmediato esperado es un aumento en la propagación, la producción, la demanda, la comercialización y el uso de plantas ornamentales nativas. Se espera también la generación de nuevos conocimientos y el estímulo de líneas de investigación biológicas y agronómicas.

Theory and application of nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in combined reaction/separation processes

Reaction separation processes, reactive distillation, chromatographic reactor, equilibrium theory, nonlinear waves, process control, observer design, asymptoticaly exact input/output-linearization

Higher order finite elements and the fictitious domain concept for wave propagation analysis

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2014

Credit markets and the propagation of monetary policy shocks

This paper analyzes the propagation of monetary policy shocks through the creation of credit in an economy. Models of the monetary transmission mechanism typically feature responses which last for a few quarters contrary to what the empirical evidence suggests. To propagate the impact of monetary shocks over time, these models introduce adjustment costs by which agents find it optimal to change their decisions slowly. This paper presents another explanation that does not rely on any sort of adjustment costs or stickiness. In our economy, agents own assets and make occupational choices. Banks intermediate between agents demanding and supplying assets. Our interpretation is based on the way banks create credit and how the monetary authority affects the process of financial intermediation through its monetary policy. As the central bank lowers the interest rate by buying government bonds in exchange for reserves, high productive entrepreneurs are able to borrow more resources from low productivity agents. We show that this movement of capital among agents sets in motion a response of the economy that resembles an expansionary phase of the cycle.

Propagation connectivity of random hypergraphs

We study the concept of propagation connectivity on random 3-uniform hypergraphs. This concept is inspired by a simple linear time algorithm for solving instances of certain constraint satisfaction problems. We derive upper and lower bounds for the propagation connectivity threshold, and point out some algorithmic implications.