939 resultados para Project 2002-063-B : Sustainable Subdivisions – Energy
Resumo:
Human B cell-activating factor (BAFF) induces mouse surface IgM+ B cells of the immature type from bone marrow and of the immature types 1 and 2 from spleen, as well as of the mature type from spleen to increased longevity in tissue culture. BAFF does so polyclonally and without inducing proliferation in any of these B cell subpopulations. BAFF induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature to mature B cells so that all immature cells loose C1qRp (AA4.1, 493) expression and type 1 immature cells up-regulate IgD, CD21 and CD23. Immature B cells of types 1 and 2, upon pre-incubation with BAFF, change their reactiveness to Ig-specific antibodies so that they no longer enter apoptosis but now proliferate. However, BAFF does not seem to overcome negative selection of developing immature B cells in vitro.
Resumo:
En termes generals, es pot definir lEficincia Energtica com la reducci del consum denergia mantenint els mateixos serveis energtics, sense disminuir el nostre confort i qualitat de vida, protegint el medi ambient, assegurant el provement i fomentant un comportament Sostenible al seu s. Lobjectiu principal daquest treball, s reduir el consum denergia i terme de potncia contractat a la Universitat de Vic, aplicant un programa destalvi amb mesures correctores en el funcionament de les seves installacions o espais. Per tal de poder arribar a aquest objectiu marcat, prviament sha realitzat un estudi acurat, obtenint tota la informaci necessria per poder aplicar les mesures correctores a la bossa ms important de consum. Un cop trobada, dur a terme lestudi de la viabilitat de la inversi de les mesures correctores ms eficients, optimitzant els recursos destinats. Lespai on sha dut a terme lestudi, ha estat a ledifici F del Campus Miramarges, seguint les indicacions dArnau Bardolet (Cap de Manteniment de la UVIC). Aquest edifici consta dun entresol, baixos i quatre plantes. Lequip de mesura que sha fet servir per realitzar lestudi, s de la marca Circutor srie AR5-L, aquests equips sn programables que mesuren, calculen i emmagatzemen en memria els principals parmetres elctrics en xarxes trifsiques. Els projectes futurs complementaris que es podrien realitzar a part daquest sn: installar sensors, installar mduls convertidors TCP/IP, aprofitar la xarxa intranet i crear un escada amb un sinptic de control i gesti des dun punt de treball. Aquest aplicatiu permet visualitzar en una pantalla dun PC tots els estats dels elements controlats mitjanant un sinptic (encendre/parar manualment lenllumenat i endolls de les aules, estat denllumenat i endolls de les aules, consums instantanis/acumulats energtics, estat dels passadissos entre altres) i explotar les dades recollides a la base de dades. Cada espai tindria la seva lgica de funcionament automtic especfic. Entre les conclusions ms rellevants obtingudes en aquest treball sobserva: Que s pot reduir la potncia contractada a la factura a lestar per sota de la realment consumida. Que no hi ha penalitzacions a la factura per consum de reactiva, ja que el compensador funciona correctament. Que es pot reduir lhorari de linici del consum denergia, ja que no correspon a lactivitat docent. Els valors de la tensi i freqncia estan dintre de la normalitat. Els harmnics estan al llindar mxim. Analitzant aquestes conclusions, voldria destacar les mesures correctores ms importants que es poden dur a terme: canvi tecnolgic a LED, temporitzar automticament lencesa i apagada dels fluorescents i equips informtics de les aules seguint calendari docent, installar sensors de moviment amb detecci lumnica als passadissos. Totes les conclusions extretes daquest treball, es poden aplicar a tots els edificis de la facultat, prviament realitzant lestudi individual de cadascuna, seguint els mateixos criteris per tal doptimitzar la inversi.
Resumo:
En termes generals, es pot definir lEficincia Energtica com la reducci del consum denergia mantenint els mateixos serveis energtics, sense disminuir el nostre confort i qualitat de vida, protegint el medi ambient, assegurant el provement i fomentant un comportament Sostenible al seu s. Lobjectiu principal daquest treball, s reduir el consum denergia i terme de potncia contractat a la Universitat de Vic, aplicant un programa destalvi amb mesures correctores en el funcionament de les seves installacions o espais. Per tal de poder arribar a aquest objectiu marcat, prviament sha realitzat un estudi acurat, obtenint tota la informaci necessria per poder aplicar les mesures correctores a la bossa ms important de consum. Un cop trobada, dur a terme lestudi de la viabilitat de la inversi de les mesures correctores ms eficients, optimitzant els recursos destinats. Lespai on sha dut a terme lestudi, ha estat a ledifici F del Campus Miramarges, seguint les indicacions dArnau Bardolet (Cap de Manteniment de la UVIC). Aquest edifici consta dun entresol, baixos i quatre plantes. Lequip de mesura que sha fet servir per realitzar lestudi, s de la marca Circutor srie AR5-L, aquests equips sn programables que mesuren, calculen i emmagatzemen en memria els principals parmetres elctrics en xarxes trifsiques. Els projectes futurs complementaris que es podrien realitzar a part daquest sn: installar sensors, installar mduls convertidors TCP/IP, aprofitar la xarxa intranet i crear un escada amb un sinptic de control i gesti des dun punt de treball. Aquest aplicatiu permet visualitzar en una pantalla dun PC tots els estats dels elements controlats mitjanant un sinptic (encendre/parar manualment lenllumenat i endolls de les aules, estat denllumenat i endolls de les aules, consums instantanis/acumulats energtics, estat dels passadissos entre altres) i explotar les dades recollides a la base de dades. Cada espai tindria la seva lgica de funcionament automtic especfic. Entre les conclusions ms rellevants obtingudes en aquest treball sobserva: Que s pot reduir la potncia contractada a la factura a lestar per sota de la realment consumida. Que no hi ha penalitzacions a la factura per consum de reactiva, ja que el compensador funciona correctament. Que es pot reduir lhorari de linici del consum denergia, ja que no correspon a lactivitat docent. Els valors de la tensi i freqncia estan dintre de la normalitat. Els harmnics estan al llindar mxim. Analitzant aquestes conclusions, voldria destacar les mesures correctores ms importants que es poden dur a terme: canvi tecnolgic a LED, temporitzar automticament lencesa i apagada dels fluorescents i equips informtics de les aules seguint calendari docent, installar sensors de moviment amb detecci lumnica als passadissos. Totes les conclusions extretes daquest treball, es poden aplicar a tots els edificis de la facultat, prviament realitzant lestudi individual de cadascuna, seguint els mateixos criteris per tal doptimitzar la inversi.
Resumo:
RENSOL (Regional Energy Solutions) project deals with the use of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions in Kaliningrad Oblast to tackle climate change. Overall objective of the RENSOL work package 1 is to build awareness and knowledge on solutions for energy efficient buildings and street lightning applications. The project report describes available solutions to improve housing energy efficiency.
Resumo:
The effect of pH on the fluorescence efficiency of fluorescein is evaluated using thermal lens technique. Fluorescence efficiency increases as the sample becomes more and more alkaline. But when fluorescein is mixed with rhodamine B fluorescence quenching of fluorescein takes place with the excitation of rhodamine B. The electronic energy transfer in this mixture is investigated using Optical Parametric Oscillator as the excitation source. The effect of pH on the efficiency of energy transfer in fluorescein–rhodamine B mixture is presented.
Resumo:
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de MARA (Modulo Activo Recreo Activo), sobre el tiempo de actividad fsica moderada vigorosa (AFMV) y de comportamiento sedentario de nios y nias de 5 grado en 2 instituciones educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Bogot. Materiales y mtodos: Los participantes fueron 128 nios entre 10 y 12 aos de edad, de 5to grado que asisten a dos colegios pblicos en la localidad de San Cristbal en Bogot. La actividad fsica de los nios fue medida con acelermetro GT3X+, durante 7 das entre julio y octubre de 2013. Uno de los colegios fue seleccionado aleatoriamente para ser intervenido por Muvete Escolar y su Mdulo Activo Recreo Activo (MARA), (CIM) y otro colegio fue el grupo control (CC). El tiempo gastado en actividad fsica durante el da y en el momento de recreo fue medido antes y en la semana 10 despus de la intervencin: sedentario ( SED), actividad fsica leve ( AFL), actividad fsica moderada(AFM), actividad fsica vigorosa(AFV) y actividad fsica moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). Resultados: Posterior al anlisis estadstico a travs de modelos mixtos multinivel para ajustar por el efecto de conglomerado, se observ diferencia significativa entre CIM y CC (p < 0.0049) representado por incremento en los minutos de AFMV en CIM. Despus de la intervencin, los CMI disminuyeron los minutos de comportamiento sedentario (p= 0.0029), comparativamente con los CC. Conclusiones: El presente estudio contribuye a investigar sobre los efectos a corto plazo de modificar el momento del recreo, mediante la implementacin de actividades guiadas, supervisadas y con el uso de materiales y equipos de juego. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los efectos de la intervencin con MARA fueron significativos especialmente en promover la prctica de AF diaria logrando incrementar los minutos de AFMV diaria, y as mismo disminuyendo comportamiento sedentario en el da. .
Resumo:
Geological carbon dioxide storage (CCS) has the potential to make a significant contribution to the decarbonisation of the UK. Amid concerns over maintaining security, and hence diversity, of supply, CCS could allow the continued use of coal, oil and gas whilst avoiding the CO2 emissions currently associated with fossil fuel use. This project has explored some of the geological, environmental, technical, economic and social implications of this technology. The UK is well placed to exploit CCS with a large offshore storage capacity, both in disused oil and gas fields and saline aquifers. This capacity should be sufficient to store CO2 from the power sector (at current levels) for a least one century, using well understood and therefore likely to be lower-risk, depleted hydrocarbon fields and contained parts of aquifers. It is very difficult to produce reliable estimates of the (potentially much larger) storage capacity of the less well understood geological reservoirs such as non-confined parts of aquifers. With the majority of its large coal fired power stations due to be retired during the next 15 to 20 years, the UK is at a natural decision point with respect to the future of power generation from coal; the existence of both national reserves and the infrastructure for receiving imported coal makes clean coal technology a realistic option. The notion of CCS as a bridging or stop-gap technology (i.e. whilst we develop genuinely sustainable renewable energy technologies) needs to be examined somewhat critically, especially given the scale of global coal reserves. If CCS plant is built, then it is likely that technological innovation will bring down the costs of CO2 capture, such that it could become increasingly attractive. As with any capitalintensive option, there is a danger of becoming locked-in to a CCS system. The costs of CCS in our model for UK power stations in the East Midlands and Yorkshire to reservoirs in the North Sea are between 25 and 60 per tonne of CO2 captured, transported and stored. This is between about 2 and 4 times the current traded price of a tonne of CO2 in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. In addition to the technical and economic requirements of the CCS technology, it should also be socially and environmentally acceptable. Our research has shown that, given an acceptance of the severity and urgency of addressing climate change, CCS is viewed favourably by members of the public, provided it is adopted within a portfolio of other measures. The most commonly voiced concern from the public is that of leakage and this remains perhaps the greatest uncertainty with CCS. It is not possible to make general statements concerning storage security; assessments must be site specific. The impacts of any potential leakage are also somewhat uncertain but should be balanced against the deleterious effects of increased acidification in the oceans due to uptake of elevated atmospheric CO2 that have already been observed. Provided adequate long term monitoring can be ensured, any leakage of CO2 from a storage site is likely to have minimal localised impacts as long as leaks are rapidly repaired. A regulatory framework for CCS will need to include risk assessment of potential environmental and health and safety impacts, accounting and monitoring and liability for the long term. In summary, although there remain uncertainties to be resolved through research and demonstration projects, our assessment demonstrates that CCS holds great potential for significant cuts in CO2 emissions as we develop long term alternatives to fossil fuel use. CCS can contribute to reducing emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere in the near term (i.e. peak-shaving the future atmospheric concentration of CO2), with the potential to continue to deliver significant CO2 reductions over the long term.
Resumo:
This paper investigates the relationship of the project management in Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and sustainability. A live PFI project is selected as a case study, where contract review and monitoring on project management are carried out to evaluate the sustainability of project management. The PFI procurement shows great advantages in increased contractual responsibilities of the contractor in sustainable construction, and also in practicing sustainability in project management. Six main sustainable attributes of the project management are selected to evaluate the sustainability of project management in the PFI project. The project management process in the case study is closely monitored in order to verify how the PFI project promotes sustainability in practice. The project management in the different stages of the PFI project, including tendering, design, construction and operation, contributes to the six sustainable attributes in different ways. The project management in PFI project paid more attention in sustainable development during its whole process. As the private sector is responsible to the whole life of the building project, the project manager has to consider the long-term benefits during the management process. The government should take advantages of PFI project management in practicing sustainability therefore to promote sustainable development of the national infrastructure services.
Resumo:
LiCoO2 powders were prepared by combustion synthesis, using metallic nitrates as the oxidant and metal sources and urea as fuel. A small amount of the LiCoO2 phase was obtained directly from the combustion reaction, however, a heat treatment was necessary for the phase crystallization. The heat treatment was performed at the temperature range from 400 up to 700 degreesC for 12 h. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area values were obtained by BET isotherms. Composite electrodes were prepared using a mixture of LiCoO2, carbon black and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the 85:10:5% w/w ratio. The electrochemical behavior of these composites was evaluated in ethylene carbonate/dimethylcarbonate solution, using lithium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte. Cyclic voltammograms showed one reversible redox process at 4.0/3.85 V and one irreversible redox process at 3.3 V for the LiCoO2 obtained after a post-heat treatment at 400 and 500 degreesC.Raman spectroscopy showed the possible presence of LiCoO2 with cubic structure for the material obtained at 400 and 500 degreesC. This result is in agreement with X-ray data with structural refinement for the LiCoO2 powders obtained at different temperatures using the Rietveld method. Data from this method showed the coexistence of cubic LiCoO2 (spinel) and rhombohedral (layered) structures when LiCoO2 was obtained at lower temperatures (400 and 500 degreesC). The single rhombohedral structure for LiCoO2 was obtained after post-heat treatment at 600 degreesC. The maximum energy capacity in the first discharge was 136 mA g(-1) for the composite electrode based on LiCoO2 obtained after heat treatment at 700 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Phenolic resins when heat treated in inert atmosphere up to 1000 degreesC become glassy polymeric carbon (GPC), a chemically inert and biocompatible material useful for medical applications, such as in the manufacture of heart valves and prosthetic devices. In earlier work we have shown that ion bombardment can modify the surface of GPC, increasing its roughness. The enhanced roughness, which depends on the species, energy and fluence of the ion beam, can improve the biocompatibility of GPC prosthetic artifacts. In this work, ion bombardment was used to make a layer of implanted ions under the surface to avoid the propagation of microcracks in regions where cardiac valves should have pins for fixation of the leaflets. GPC samples prepared at 700 and 1500 degreesC were bombarded with ions of silicon. carbon, oxygen and gold at energies of 5, 6, 8 and 10 MeV, respectively, and fluences between 1.0 x 10(13) and 1.0 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Nanoindentation hardness characterization was used to compare bombarded with non-bombarded samples prepared at temperatures up to 2500 degreesC. The results with samples not bombarded showed that the hardness of GPC increases strongly with the heat treatment temperature. Comparison with ion bombarded samples shows that the hardness changes according to the ion used, the energy and fluence. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Surfaces of silicon wafers implanted with N and C, respectively, and aluminum 5052 implanted with N alone by plasma immersion ion implantation WHO were probed by a nanoindentor and analyzed by the contact-angle method to provide information on surface nanohardness and wettability. Silicon nitride and silicon carbide are important ceramic materials for microelectronics, especially for high-temperature applications. These compounds can be synthesized by high-dose ion implantation. The nanohardness of a silicon sample implanted with 12-keV nitrogen PIII (with 3 X 10(17) cm(-2) dose) increased by 10% compared to the unimplanted sample, in layers deeper than the regions where the formation of the Si,N, compound occurred. A factor of 2.5 increase in hardness was obtained for C-implanted Si wafer at 35 keV (with 6 X 10(17) cm(-2) dose), again deeper than the SiC-rich layer, Both compounds are in the amorphous state and their hardness is much lower than that of the crystalline compounds, which require an annealing process after ion implantation. In the same targets, the contact angle increased by 65% and 35% for N- and C-implanted samples, respectively. Compared to the Si target, the nitrogen PIII-irradiated Al 5052 (wish 15 keV) showed negligible change in its hydrophobic character after ion implantation. Its near-surface nanohardness measurement showed a slight increase for doses of 1 X 10(17) cm(-2). We have been searching for an AlN layer of the order of 1000 A thick, using such a low-energy PIII process, but oxide formation during processing has precluded its synthesis. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
We analyze the low energy features of a supersymmetric standard model where the anomaly-induced contributions to the soft parameters are dominant in a scenario with bilinear R-parity violation. This class of models leads to mixings between the standard model particles and supersymmetric ones which chance the low energy phenomenology and searches for supersymmetry. In addition, R-parity violation interactions give rise to small neutrino masses which we show to be consistent with the present observations. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
In this work, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study effect of PbS impurity on crystallization mechanism of phosphate glasses. Bulk glasses presented one crystallization peak while powdered glasses presented two distinct crystallization peaks. For both undoped and doped glasses were determined the activation energies for the crystallization and the Avrami n parameters. The activation energies for undoped phosphate glass were 336 +/- 6 and 213 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), respectively, associated with first and second crystallization peaks. For doped glass, the obtained energies were 373 +/- 9 and 286 +/- 7 kJ mol(-1). The calculated Avrami parameters, based on first crystallization peaks, for undoped and doped glasses were 2.25 +/- 0.01 and 1.75 +/- 0.02, respectively. These values suggest that the first DSC peak, in both glasses, may be associated with surface crystallization. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.
