971 resultados para Professional activity


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Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Ciências – Formação Contínua de Professores (área de especialização em Biologia e Geologia)

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Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Ciências – Formação Contínua de Professores (área de especialização em Física e Química)

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Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Optometria Avançada

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Résumé Avec 8% des accidents en Suisse, le genou est une articulation fréquemment blessée. Si la majorité des traumatismes surviennent lors de la pratique du sport, les conséquences sur la reprise de l'activite professionnelle sont relativement méconnues. Pourtant, en 2002, un quart des patients hospitalises dans le service de rééducation de l'appareil locomoteur de la CRR, présentait une lésion du genou responsable d'une limitation fonctionnelle significative. Les diagnostics principaux sont les entorses graves et les lésions dégénératives. Une majorité de patients est issue du secteur secondaire et exerce souvent une profession exigeante d'un point de vue physique. Le but de cet article est d'une part de présenter aux praticiens des repères utiles à la compréhension de cette problématique particulière; d'autre part d'initier une reflexion pratique sur la réadaptation professionnelle de ces patients, par la discussion d'un cas clinique. From approximately 8% of the accidents in Switzerland, the knee is a frequently wounded articulation. If the majority of the traumas occur whilst playing sport, the effects on the resumption of professional activity are relatively ignored. However, in 2002, a quarter of the patients hospitalized in the locomotor service of rehabilitation at the CRR, presented a lesion of the knee as factor most commonly responsible for their functional limitations. The principal diagnoses consisted of serious distorsions and degenerative lesions. A majority of patients come from industry which, from a physical point of view, is generally a demanding occupation. The goals of this article are to present information concerning the comprehension of these particular problems as well as to initiate practises for the vocational rehabilitation of these patients, by the discussion of a clinical case.

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L’aprenentatge basat en problemes està en fase experimental en tot el món i és objecte d’anàlisi i reflexió en moltes reunions internacionals. Tanmateix, no hi ha massa feina feta en aquesta direcció en el nostre camp més proper. Hem elaborat problemes per l’aprenentatge de la Regulació del Metabolisme i els hem incorporat a un porta virtual (http://www.ub.edu/GID-BBM). La finalitat d’aquesta estratègia és que mitjançant l’aprenentatge basat en problemes reals o simulacions de problemes reals s’aconsegueixi motivar l’alumnat a treballar de forma continuada durant tot el curs. La millora dels resultats acadèmics haurà de ser la conseqüència lògica d’aquest treball. La finalitat última del projecte que hem desenvolupat és preparar l’alumnat per la seva futura activitat professional a on serà molt important i valorat la seva capacitat de resposta davant de diferents problemes

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The neuropsychological records of 56 patients operated for clipping were studied. Almost every patient remained autonomous and without invalidating motor defect. The present study was aimed at specifying the type and frequency of neuropsychological sequelae and, to a lesser extent, the role of various pathophysiological factors. A main concern was to examine to what extent and at what post-operative interval the neuropsychological assessment can predict the intellectual and socioprofessional outcome of each individual patient. The neuropsychological assessment performed beyond the acute phase showed evidence of intellectual sequelae in about two thirds of the patients. Only one case of permanent anterograde amnesia was observed, probably due to unavoidable inclusion of a hypothalamic artery in the clip during surgery. Transient anterograde amnesia and confabulations were occasionally observed, generally for less than three weeks. A common finding was impaired performance on memory and/or executive tests. In a minority of patients, language disorders, visuoperceptive and visuoconstructive disabilities were found, probably in relation with hemodynamic changes at distance from the aneurysm. Global impairment of intellectual function was not uncommon in the acute post-operative phase but it evolved in most cases towards a more selective impairment, for instance restricted to executive and memory functions, in the chronic phase. The neuropsychological investigation carried out 4 to 15 weeks post-operatively provided satisfactory information about possible long-lasting intellectual disturbances and professional resumption. In particular, persistent global intellectual impairment, persistent amnesia and confabulations 4-15 weeks post-operative were associated with cessation of professional activity; executive and memory impairment, behavioral disturbances such as those encountered in patients with frontal lobe damage were associated with a decreased probability of full-time employment. Pre- and post-operative angiography were not good predictors of long-term cognitive outcome: normal angiography was not necessarily followed by normal neuropsychological outcome, conversely abnormal angiography could be found together with normal neuropsychological outcome. By contrast, there was a relationship between left-lateralised abnormalities on post-operative angiography and occurrence of language disorders; similarly, there was a relationship between side of craniotomy and type of deficits, that is language disorders versus visuoperceptive-visuoconstructive impairments.

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Introduction.- Knee injuries are frequent in a young and active population. Most of the patients resume their professional activity but few studies were interested in factors that predict a return to work. The aim of this study is to identify these predictors from a large panel of bio-psychosocial variables. We postulated that the return to work 3 months and 2 years after discharge is mostly predicted by psychosocial variables.Patients and methods.- Prospective study, patients hospitalized for a knee injury. Variables measured: the abbreviated injury score (AIS) for the gravity of the injuries, analog visual scale for the intensity of pain, INTERMED for the bio-psychosocial complexity, SF-36 for the quality of life, HADs for the anxiety/depression symptoms and IKDC score for the knee function. Univariate logistic regressions, adjusted for age and gender, were performed in order to predict return to work.Results.- One hundred and twenty-six patients hospitalized during 8 months after the accident were included into this prospective study. A total of 73 (58%) and 75 (59%) questionnaires were available after 3 months and 2 years, respectively. The SF-36 pain was the sole predictor of return to work at 3 months (odds Ratio 1.06 [1.02-1.10], P = 0.01; for a one point increase) and 2 years (odds Ratio 1.06 [1.02-1.10], P = 0.01). At three months, other factors are SF-36 (physic sub-scale), IKDC score, the presence of a work contract and the presence of litigation. The bio-psychosocial complexity, the presence of depressive symptoms predicts the return to work at two years.Discussion.- Our working hypothesis was partially confirmed: some psychosocial factors (i.e. depressive symptoms, work contract, litigation, INTERMED) predict the return to work but the physical health and the knee function, perceived by the patient, are also correlated. Pain is the sole factor isolated at both times (i.e. 3 months and 2 years) and, consequently, appears a key element in the prediction of the return to work. Some factors are accessible to the rehabilitation program but only if an interdisciplinary approach is performed.

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The association between prenatal care and infant health has been shown in many studies. Therefore, accurate information on prenatal care is required to assess the organization of preventive measures aiming at a reducing in neonatal mortality any morbidity. We retrospectively collected data on 854 pregnancies. According to a classification scheme developed by Kessner, 61.6% of women had access to adequate prenatal care. Overall, the proportion of adequate prenatal care was lower among multiparas, and in this subgroup we found a lower rate for women with base line insurance. In the primiparas subgroup we found a lower rate of adequate prenatal care for foreigners, women under 20 years or unmarried mothers, and for women without professional activity during pregnancy, besides preterm birth was more frequent amongst women in the group of prenatal care qualified as intermediate or inadequate. The frequency of pregnancy visits and the Kessner index are discussed in a literature review. The association between socio-economic indicators and prenatal care was unexpected considering the overall wealth of Switzerland. With a 6.8% infant mortality registered in 1989, this country can be considered to have one of the lowest rates in the world. These findings nevertheless suggest the way to possible additional gains by interventions targeted to specific socio-economic groups.

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Résumé Le trouble de l'adaptation est un diagnostic très fréquent, mais étonnamment peu étudié et controversé. Il est, selon les études, considéré comme une forme mineure d'un trouble psychiatrique spécifique, comme une fragilité psychologique révélée par un événement stressant pour le sujet ou encore comme une forme précoce annonçant un trouble psychiatrique majeur. Ces trois points de vue ramènent en fait tous à la question de fond concernant son étiologie. L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer si le trouble de l'adaptation est un diagnostic clairement différencié dont l'existence est justifiée. Afin de tenter de répondre à cette question, il nous est apparu intéressant de comparer cette catégorie diagnostique à une autre catégorie diagnostique psychiatrique importante, le trouble dépressif majeur. Dans cette étude rétrospective nous avons sélectionné tous les patients avec un diagnostic de trouble de l'adaptation ou un trouble dépressif majeur parmi les patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital psychiatrique de Malévoz en Valais en 1993 (580). Elle est basée sur des diagnostics cliniques. Nous avons comparé leurs données socio-démographiques (âge, sexe, nationalité, état civil, activité professionnelle), leurs antécédents psychiatriques (hospitalisations antérieures, suivi psychiatrique ambulatoire, antécédents de tentamen), leurs hospitalisations ultérieures dans les 5 ans, leur hospitalisation actuelle (durée, tentamens, comorbidité) et les traitements médicamenteux prescrits (leur nombre et leur classe). Notre étude met en évidence certaines distinctions entre le trouble de l'adaptation et le trouble dépressif majeur: les patients souffrant de trouble de l'adaptation diffèrent des troubles dépressifs majeurs par le fait qu'ils sont plus fréquemment des hommes, célibataires et plus jeunes que ceux souffrant de trouble dépressif majeur; leur durée d'hospitalisation est plus courte, leur évolution entre les hospitalisations est meilleure et ils reçoivent moins de psychotropes. Nous ne pouvons cependant pas conclure à une distinction claire de ces deux catégories diagnostiques, ni que le trouble de l'adaptation n'est pas simplement lié à une moindre gravité. Nos résultats confirment par contre que ce diagnostic n'est pas non plus un diagnostic anodin (nombre élevé d'antécédents psychiatriques, de tentamens, d'hospitalisations psychiatriques ultérieures, importance des comorbidités de même que la lourdeur des traitements psychotropes prescrits (notamment la fréquence des neuroleptiques). A notre avis, les trois hypothèses étiologiques (forme mineure, trouble précoce ou fragilité psychologique spécifique révélée par un événement stressant) qui ont été évoquées peuvent être considérées comme plausibles suivant le point de vue que l'on choisit. Le diagnostic de trouble de l'adaptation révèle une des limitations de l'approche du DSM-Ill-R qui se veut athéorique. Le fait que dans sa définition même, le DSM-111-R évoque "qu'il faut souvent se référer au seul jugement clinique" le montre bien, un tel diagnostic renvoie inévitablement à une référence psychopathologique. Nous pensons qu'il est illusoire de vouloir se passer d'une telle référence qui elle seule permet d'appréhender justement la portée symbolique d'un événement donné pour un individu. Summary In this retrospective study we selected all the patients with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder (77) or major depressive disorder (125) among the patients hospitalised in the psychiatric hospital of Malevoz in Valais during the year 1993 (580). It is based on clinical diagnosis. Their social and demographic characteristics (age, sex, nationality, marital status, professional activity), their past psychiatric history (earlier psychiatric hospitalisations, ambulatory treatment and attempted suicide), their hospitalisations during the next 5 years, their index hospitalisation (length, attempted suicide, comorbidity) and their drug treatment (number and class of prescribed drugs) were compared. This survey confirms certain differences be-tween adjustment disorder and major depression disorder: patients suffering from adjustment disorder were more often men, not married, younger than those suffering from major depression; their hospitalisations were shorter with a better evolution between hospitalisations and they received less medication. However, the study does not allow to clearly distinguish between the two diagnoses or to conclude that adjustment disorder is not only a minor form of a specific psychiatric disorder. Yet it confirms that adjustment disorder is not a light diagnosis (importance of the psychiatric past, high number of past attempted suicides, rehospitalisations, number of comorbid disorders and weight of the prescribed psychotropic treatments among which neuroleptics were frequent). The three aetiological hypotheses that have been proposed (minor form of a specific disorder, specific psychological vulnerability revealed by a stress factor or precursor manifestation of a major psychiatric disorder) can still be considered as plausible. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder points to methodological limitations of the atheoretical approach of the DSM-III-R. The fact that, in its DSM-III-R definition, it is stated that the diagnosis of adjustment disorder has often to be based only on clinical judgment shows very well that such a diagnosis inevitably refers to a psychopathological theory. Indeed, the authors consider an approach without such a reference as difficult, a reference which remains the only way to appreciate accurately the symbolic weight of a given event for an individual person.

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PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to measure the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) among a population of Swiss young men and to assess which factors are associated with these sexual dysfunctions in this age-group. METHODS: For each condition (PE and ED), we performed separate analyses comparing young men suffering from the condition with those who were not. Groups were compared for substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, other illegal drugs, and medication without a prescription), self-reported body mass index, sexual orientation, physical activity, professional activity, sexual experience (sexual life length and age at first intercourse), depression status, mental health, and physical health in a bivariate analysis. We then used a log-linear analysis to consider all significant variables simultaneously. RESULTS: Prevalence rates for PE and ED were 11% and 30%, respectively. Poor mental health was the only variable to have a direct association with both conditions after controlling for potential confounders. In addition, PE was directly associated with tobacco, illegal drugs, professional activity, and physical activity, whereas ED was directly linked with medication without a prescription, length of sexual life, and physical health. CONCLUSIONS: In Switzerland, one-third of young men suffer from at least one sexual dysfunction. Multiple health-compromising factors are associated with these dysfunctions. These should act as red flags for health professionals to encourage them to take any opportunity to talk about sexuality with their young male patients.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential relationship between fatigue following strokes and poststroke mood, cognitive dysfunction, disability, and infarct site and to determine the predictive factors in the development of poststroke fatigue (PSF) following minor infarcts. METHODS: Ninety-nine functionally active patients aged less than 70 years with a first, nondisabling stroke (NIH Stroke Scale score ≤6 in acute phase and ≤3 after 6 months, modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 at 6 months) were assessed during the acute phase and then at 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2) after their stroke. Scores in the Fatigue Assessment Inventory were described and correlated to age, gender, neurologic and functional impairment, lesion site, mood scores, neuropsychological data, laboratory data, and quality of life at T1 and T2 using a multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to determine which variables recorded at T1 best predicted fatigue at T2. RESULT: As many as 30.5% of the patients at T1 and 34.7% at T2 (11.6% new cases between T1 and T2) reported fatigue. At both 6 and 12 months, there was a significant association between fatigue and a reduction in professional activity. Attentional-executive impairment, depression, and anxiety levels remained associated with PSF throughout this time period, underlining the critical role of these variables in the genesis of PSF. There was no significant association between the lesion site and PSF. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that attentional and executive impairment, as well as depression and anxiety, may play a critical role in the development of PSF.

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Scientific reporting and communication is a challenging topic for which traditional study programs do not offer structured learning activities on a regular basis. This paper reports on the development and implementation of a web application and associated learning activities that intend to raise the awareness of reporting and communication issues among students in forensic science and law. The project covers interdisciplinary case studies based on a library of written reports about forensic examinations. Special features of the web framework, in particular a report annotation tool, support the design of various individual and group learning activities that focus on the development of knowledge and competence in dealing with reporting and communication challenges in the students' future areas of professional activity.

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La actividad profesional es fundamental en la vida de cualquier persona y en el caso de las que padecen una discapacidad tiene una gran importancia para contribuir a configurar su identidad adulta. En este sentido, la finalidad del artículo es valorar la importancia del trabajo en los procesos de participación social y de calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad. Por ello, en el artículo se pone de manifiesto la relación que se establece entre la dimensión laboral y la integración social de los individuos con discapacidad mediante el análisis de investigaciones desarrolladas en nuestro contexto, entre las que figuran diversos estudios realizados por nuestro grupo de investigación durante los últimos años. Con la voluntad de conocer con más detalle esta cuestión, se presenta una investigación reciente realizada por nuestro equipo. En ella desarrollamos un estudio de casos centrado en personas con discapacidad psíquica que han participado en experiencias de integración laboral en el mercado ordinario, con el objetivo de obtener información sobre la incidencia de la inserción laboral en diferentes dimensiones de la vida de los trabajadores con discapacidad. Los resultados nos permiten valorar que la experiencia genera cambios positivos, sobre todo a nivel personal (expectativas personales, potenciación del proyecto de vida, mejora de competencias…). Sin embargo, a pesar de que se aprecian mejoras en la dimensión social, el estudio plantea la necesidad de emprender acciones alternativas para potenciar la participación comunitaria de las personas implicadas en la investigación. El artículo concluye con algunas propuestas orientadas a mejorar los procesos de inserción social del colectivo

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L'exposition aux poussières de bois est associé à un risque accru d'adénocarcinomes des fosses nasales et des sinus paranasaux (SNC, 'Sinonasal cancer') chez les travailleurs du bois. Les poussières de bois sont ainsi reconnues comme cancérogènes avérés pour l'homme par le Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC). Toutefois, l'agent causal spécifique et le mécanisme sous-jacent relatifs au cancer lié aux poussières de bois demeurent inconnus. Une possible explication est une co-exposition aux poussières de bois et aux Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP), ces derniers étant potentiellement cancérogènes. Dans les faits, les travailleurs du bois sont non seulement exposés aux poussières de bois naturel, mais également à celles générées lors d'opérations effectuées à l'aide de machines (ponceuses, scies électriques, etc.) sur des finitions de bois (bois traités) ou sur des bois composites, tels que le mélaminé et les panneaux de fibres à densité moyenne (MDF, 'Medium Density Fiberboard'). Des HAP peuvent en effet être générés par la chaleur produite par l'utilisation de ces machines sur la surface du bois. Les principaux objectifs de cette thèse sont les suivants: (1) quantifier HAP qui sont présents dans les poussières générées lors de diverses opérations courantes effectuées sur différents bois (2) quantifier l'exposition individuelle aux poussières de bois et aux HAP chez les travailleurs, et (3) évaluer les effets génotoxiques (dommages au niveau de l'ADN et des chromosomes) due à l'exposition aux poussières de bois et aux HAP. Cette thèse est composée par une étude en laboratoire (objectif 1) et par une étude de terrain (objectifs 2 et 3). Pour l'étude en laboratoire, nous avons collecté des poussières de différents type de bois (sapin, MDF, hêtre, sipo, chêne, bois mélaminé) générées au cours de différentes opérations (comme le ponçage et le sciage), et ceci dans une chambre expérimentale et dans des conditions contrôlées. Ensuite, pour l'étude de terrain, nous avons suivi, dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle, 31 travailleurs de sexe masculin (travailleurs du bois et ébenistes) exposés aux poussières de bois pendant deux jours de travail consécutifs. Nous avons également recruté, comme groupe de contrôle, 19 travailleurs non exposés. Pour effectuer une biosurveillance, nous avons collecté des échantillons de sang et des échantillons de cellules nasales et buccales pour chacun des participants. Ces derniers ont également rempli un questionnaire comprenant des données démographiques, ainsi que sur leur style de vie et sur leur exposition professionnelle. Pour les travailleurs du bois, un échantillonnage individuel de poussière a été effectué sur chaque sujet à l'aide d'une cassette fermée, puis nous avons évalué leur exposition à la poussière de bois et aux HAP, respectivement par mesure gravimétrique et par Chromatographie en phase gazeuse combinée à la spectrométrie de masse. L'évaluation des dommages induits à l'ADN et aux chromosomes (génotoxicité) a été, elle, effectuée à l'aide du test des micronoyaux (MN) sur les cellules nasales et buccales et à l'aide du test des comètes sur les échantillons de sang. Nos résultats montrent dans la poussière de la totalité des 6 types de bois étudiés la présence de HAP (dont certains sont cancérogènes). Des différences notoires dans les concentrations ont été néanmoins constatées en fonction du matériau étudié : les concentrations allant de 0,24 ppm pour la poussière de MDF à 7.95 ppm pour le mélaminé. Nos résultats montrent également que les travailleurs ont été exposés individuellement à de faibles concentrations de HAP (de 37,5 à 119,8 ng m-3) durant les opérations de travail du bois, alors que les concentrations de poussières inhalables étaient relativement élevés (moyenne géométrique de 2,8 mg m-3). En ce qui concerne la génotoxicité, les travailleurs exposés à la poussière de bois présentent une fréquence significativement plus élevée en MN dans les cellules nasales et buccales que les travailleurs du groupe témoin : un odds ratio de 3.1 a été obtenu pour les cellules nasales (IC 95% : de 1.8 à 5.1) et un odds ratio de 1,8 pour les cellules buccales (IC 95% : de 1.3 à 2.4). En outre, le test des comètes a montré que les travailleurs qui ont déclaré être exposés aux poussières de MDF et/ou de mélaminé avaient des dommages à l'ADN significativement plus élevés que les deux travailleurs exposés à la poussière de bois naturel (sapin, épicéa, hêtre, chêne) et que les travailleurs du groupe témoin (p <.01). Enfin, la fréquence des MN dans les cellules nasales et buccales augmentent avec les années d'exposition aux poussières de bois. Par contre, il n'y a pas de relation dose-réponse concernant la génotoxicité due à l'exposition journalière à la poussière et aux HAP. Cette étude montre qu'une exposition aux HAP eu bien lieu lors des opérations de travail du bois. Les travailleurs exposés aux poussières de bois, et donc aux HAP, courent un risque plus élevé (génotoxicité) par rapport au groupe témoin. Étant donné que certains des HAP détectés sont reconnus potentiellement cancérogènes, il est envisageable que les HAP générés au cours du travail sur les matériaux de bois sont un des agents responsables de la génotoxicité de la poussière de bois et du risque élevé de SNC observé chez les travailleurs du secteur. Etant donné la corrélation entre augmentation de la fréquence des MN, le test des micronoyaux dans les cellules nasales et buccales constitue sans conteste un futur outil pour la biosurveillance et pour la détection précoce du risque de SNC chez les travailleurs. - Exposures to wood dust have been associated with an elevated risk of adenocarcinomas of the Dasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses (sinonasal cancer or SNC) among wood workers. Wood dust is recognized as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the specific cancer causative agent(s) and the mechanism(s) behind wood dust related carcinogenesis remains unknown. One possible explanation is a co-exposure to wood dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the latter being carcinogenic. In addition, wood workers are not only exposed to natural wood but also to wood finishes and composite woods such as wood melamine and medium density fiber (MDF) boards during the manipulation with power tools. The heat produced by the use of power tools can cause the generation of PAH from wood materials. The main objectives of the present thesis are to: (1) quantify possible PAH concentrations in wood dust generated during various common woodworking operations using different wood materials; (2) quantify personal wood dust concentrations and PAH exposures among wood workers; and (3) assess genotoxic effects (i.e., DNA and chromosomal damage) of wood dust and PAH exposure in wood workers. This thesis is composed by a laboratory study (objective 1) and a field study (objectives 2 and 3). In the laboratory study we collected wood dust from different wood materials (fir, MDF, beech, mahagany, oak, and wood melamine) generated during different wood operations (e.g., sanding and sawing) in an experimental chamber under controlled conditions. In the following field study, we monitored 31 male wood workers (furniture and construction workers) exposed to wood dust during their professional activity for two consecutive work shifts. Additionally, we recruited 19 non exposed workers as a control group. We collected from each participant blood samples, and nasal and buccal cell samples. They answered a questionnaire including demographic and life-style data and occupational exposure (current and past). Personal wood dust samples were collected using a closed-face cassette. We used gravimetrie analysis to determine the personal wood dust concentrations and capillary gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis to determine PAH concentrations. Genotoxicity was assessed with the micronucleus (MN) assay for nasal and buccal cells and with the comet assay for blood samples. Our results show that PAH (some of them carcinogenic) were present in dust from all six wood materials tested, yet at different concentrations depending on the material. The highest concentration was found in dust from wood melamine (7.95 ppm) and the lowest in MDF (0.24 ppm). Our results also show that workers were individually exposed to low concentrations of PAHs (37.5-119.8 ng m"3) during wood working operations, whereas the concentrations of inhalable dust were relatively high (geometric mean 2.8 mg m"3). Concerning the genotoxicity, wood workers had a significantly higher MN frequency in nasal and buccal cells than the workers in the control group (odds ratio for nasal cells 3.1 (95%CI 1.8-5.1) and buccal cells 1.8 (95%CI 1.3-2.4)). Furthermore, the comet assay showed that workers who reported to be exposed to dust from wooden boards (MDF and wood melamine) had significantly higher DNA damage than both the workers exposed to natural woods (fir, spruce, beech, oak) and the workers in the control group (p < 0.01). Finally, MN frequency in nasal and buccal cells increased with increasing years of exposure to wood dust. However, there was no genotoxic dose-response relationship with the per present day wood dust and PAH exposure. This study shows that PAH exposure occurred during wood working operations. Workers exposed to wood dust, and thus to PAH, had a higher risk for genotoxicity compared to the control group. Since some of the detected PAH are potentially carcinogenic, PAH generated from operations on wood materials may be one of the causative agents for the observed increased genotoxicity in wood workers. Since increased genotoxicity is manifested in an increased MN frequency, the MN assay in nasal and buccal cells may become a relevant biomonitoring tool in the future for early detection of SNC risk.

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La educación social en sus diversas acepciones (profesión, práctica educativa y estudios universitarios) ha experimentado unos importantes cambios en los últimos años. De una actividad centrada en la solución de problemas concretos dentro de un ámbito específico, se ha ido avanzando hacia la necesidad de estar capacitado para el trabajo en entornos complejos y difusos. El ejercicio de la actividad en estos entornos requiere de un posicionamiento estratégico, de una visión global más allá de un manejo de recetas cerradas y de una perspectiva ética que trascienda el simple cumplimiento de instrucciones. Por ello, capacitar al profesional para el diseño y la aplicación de las acciones socioeducativas es una temática que requiere la integración de multiplicidad de competencias para que cada intervención sea una respuesta que se adapte a la situación, a las capacidades y al contexto de la persona atendida. En el periodo de formación universitaria, el practicum es un espacio de aprendizaje privilegiado donde se ponen en juego todos los conocimientos adquiridos y sirve de trampolín para empezar a ejercer la profesión en un contexto real pero seguro, que más adelante será el escenario cotidiano de la acción profesional