The Spanish social tariff and renewable energy cooperatives: situation and perspectives

Social tariffs are, along with transfer payments and energy efficiency measures, an instrument to alleviate energy poverty. The name of the Spanish social tariff is “bono social”, and it was established in 2009. To qualify for bono social, the electricity consumer should meet any of the socioeconomic requirements stipulated by law and contract the electricity supply with a “comercializadora de referencia”, companies that are required to offer the bono social by law.Renewable energy cooperatives, a recent phenomenon in Spain, are not comercializadoras de referencia, so they are not obliged to offer the bono social. This does not mean there are no cooperative members at risk of energy poverty or vulnerable consumers.This study has two objectives. The first is to sketch the socioeconomic profile of members of the renewable energy cooperatives. The second is to analyze if these members are entitled to the bono social, or would be to other subsidized prices with different requirements to those of the bono social.For this purpose, we conducted a survey to members of the largest renewable energy cooperative in Spain, Som Energia. The results show that the members of renewable energy cooperatives are exposed to energy poverty risk, although its reach depends on the definition of vulnerable consumer.

Determining factors of the innovative behavior of cooperatives: an analysis of the case of Castilla y León

Cooperatives have a long historical experience in the Spanish economy and have demonstrated their ability to compete against traditional firms in the market. To maintain this capability, while taking advantage of the competitive advantages associated with their idiosyncrasies as social economy enterprises, they should take into consideration that the economy is increasingly globalized and increasingly knowledge-based, especially with regards to technological content. As a consequence, the innovative capacity appears to be a key aspect in order to be able to challenge competitors. This article characterizes the innovative behavior of cooperatives in the region of Castile and Leon and analyses the internal and external factors affecting their innovative performance, based on data from a survey of 581 cooperatives. The results of the empirical analysis, which is performed by multivariate binary logistic regression on various types of innovation, lead us to identify the size of the organizations, the existence of planning, the R & D activities and the human capital as the main determining factors.

A exportação do mel português: um estudo exploratório sobre as motivações, barreiras e estratégias

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionalização, sob orientação de Professor Doutor António Correia de Barros

A stochastic programming approach for the development of offering strategies for a wind power producer

A stochastic programming approach is proposed in this paper for the development of offering strategies for a wind power producer. The optimization model is characterized by making the analysis of several scenarios and treating simultaneously two kinds of uncertainty: wind power and electricity market prices. The approach developed allows evaluating alternative production and offers strategies to submit to the electricity market with the ultimate goal of maximizing profits. An innovative comparative study is provided, where the imbalances are treated differently. Also, an application to two new realistic case studies is presented. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Women Industrial Cooperatives- An Analysis of Its Structure, Performance and Growth in Kannur District

In the present study made an attempt to analyse the structure, performance and growth of women industrial cooperatives in kannur district, Kerala. The study encompasses all women industrial cooperatives registered at the district industries center, kannur and that currently exist. The women industrial cooperatives are classified into two ie; group with network and another group without network. In Kannur there are 54 units working as women industrial cooperatives. One of the main problems the women cooperatives face is the lack of working capital followed marketing problem. The competition between cooperatives and private traders is very high. The variables examined to analyse the performance of women industrial cooperatives in Kannur showed that there exists inter unit differences in almost all the variables. The financial structure structure shows that the short term liquidity of women cooperatives in Kannur favour more the units which have political networks; but the long term financial coverage is seen to be highly geared in this group, not because of a decline is net worth but due to highly proportionate increase in financial liabilities in the form of borrowings. The encouragement given by the government through financial stake and other incentives has been the major factor in the formation and growth of women cooperatives. As a result both productivity and efficiency improves in the cooperatives. In short the present study helped to capture the impact, role and dynamics of networking in general and socio political network in particular in relation to intra and inter unit differences on the structure, growth and performance of women industrial cooperatives societies in Kannur district

SHGs and Cooperatives in the Fishing Sector: An Inclusive Development Option for the Fisher folk of Kerala

The Kerala model of development mostly bypassed the fishing community, as the fishers form the main miserable groups with respect to many of the socio-economic and quality of life indicators. Modernization drive in the fishing sector paradoxically turns to marginalization drives as far as the traditional fishers in Kerala are concerned. Subsequent management and resource recuperation drives too seemed to be detrimental to the local fishing community. Though SHGs and cooperatives had helped in overcoming many of the maladies in most of the sectors in Kerala in terms of livelihood and employment in the 1980s, the fishing sector by that time had been moving ahead with mechanization and export euphoria and hence it bypassed the fishing sector. Though it has not helped the fishing sector in the initial stages, but because of necessity, it soon has become a vibrant livelihood and employment force in the coastal economy of Kerala. Initial success made it to link this with the governmental cooperative set up and soon SHGs and Cooperatives become reinforcing forces for the inclusive development of the real fishers.The fisheries sector in Kerala has undergone drastic changes with the advent of globalised economy. The traditional fisher folk are one of the most marginalized communities in the state and are left out of the overall development process mainly due to the marginalization of this community both in the sea and in the market due to modernization and mechanization of the sector. Mechanization opened up the sector a great deal as it began to attract people belonging to non-fishing community as moneylenders, boat owners, employers and middle men which often resulted in conflicts between traditional and mechanized fishermen. These factors, together with resource depletion resulted in the backwardness experienced by the traditional fishermen compared to other communities who were reaping the benefits of the overall development scenario.The studies detailing the activities and achievements of fisher folks via Self Help Groups (SHGs) and the cooperative movement in coastal Kerala are scant. The SHGs through cooperatives have been effective in livelihood security, poverty alleviation and inclusive development of the fisher folk (Rajasenan and Rajeev, 2012). The SHGs have a greater role to play as estimated fall in demand for marine products in international markets, which may result in reduction of employment opportunities in fish processing, peeling, etc. Also, technological advancement has made them unskilled to work in this sector making them outliers in the overall development process resulting in poor quality of physical and social infrastructure. Hence, it is all the more important to derive a strategy and best practice methods for the effective functioning of these SHGs so that the

Factors influencing the success of animal husbandry cooperatives: A case study in Southwest Iran

This survey study aimed at identifying the factors influencing the success of animal husbandry cooperatives in Southwest Iran. Using a questionnaire, the data were collected from 95 managing directors of the cooperatives who were chosen through a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. This study showed an essential need for a systemic framework to analyze the cooperatives’ success. The results showed that the “Honey Bee”, “Cattle (dairy)”, and “Lamb” cooperatives were the most successful among different kinds of the cooperatives. Also, among individual attributes, “interest”, “technical knowledge”, and “understanding the concept of cooperative”; among economic variables, “income” and “current investment”; and among external factors, “market access” have significant correlation with the success while structural variables have no significant relation. Furthermore, among all the factors, four variables (“interest”, “understanding the concept of cooperative”, “market access”, and “other incomes”) can explain the variations of the success.

Avaluació de les actituds cooperatives en els estudiants de magisteri

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és validar els criteris de Johnson i Johnson (1992) com a indicadors d’avaluació d’actituds cooperatives. Ens proposem definir, contrastar i avaluar noves eines d’actuació. Volem analitzar i valorar algunes de les interaccions, que es produeixen en el desenvolupament d’actituds cooperatives, assenyalant els punts forts i febles observats a través de l’observació directa i amb l’ajuda de l’enregistrament de vídeo, què ens permetrà copsar de manera contrastable les interaccions verbals i no verbals dels alumnes, aspecte que a través de l’observació directa no és possible. És la nostra intenció intentar donar resposta a diversos interrogants respecte el nostre objecte d’estudi, oferint elements de reflexió i cercant criteris per avaluar les actituds cooperatives, assenyalant quins són els trets que s’observen en major o en menor grau en relació amb Johnson i Johnson en els estudiants de magisteri. Per centrar els objectius de la recerca tindrem en compte una triple perspectiva: - La perspectiva del professorat - la perspectiva de l’alumnat - La perspectiva de les activitats Pretenem relacionar cada un dels criteris de Johnson i Johnson amb indicadors observables i poder fer valoracions respecte allò que són capaços de fer i en relació quan tenen dificultats. Com a avaluació d’aquesta contrastació volem recollir prioritàriament aquelles consideracions que ens ajudin a establir un bon plantejament dels resultats. Com a professors en la formació inicial de futurs mestres, creiem que és fonamental fomentar estratègies d’acció cooperatives per afavorir un procés d’ensenyament més creatiu, més sòlid i més enriquidor, en la mesura que el professorat i l’alumnat s’impliquin en la construcció i transmissió del coneixement. La nostra proposta es troba dins del plantejament del nou model d’educació superior que comporta el procés de Convergència Europea, en el qual el principal protagonista és l’estudiant. Amb el treball que presentem volem oferir un al·licient i un estímul per promoure noves metodologies participatives en el mon universitari que fomentin noves actituds i consolidin els valors democràtics. És la nostra intenció reflexionar sobre la realitat actual dels nostres estudiants que en un futur no gaire llunyà hauran de ser educadors referents i competents

Els dos idearis de les cooperatives. 'Los dos idearios de las cooperativas'.

Se exponen los dos idearios de las cooperativas de enseñanza, en que se basan, valores, trabajo y bien común por encima del capital, cuyo objetivo, es mejorar las condiciones de los socios y de la comunidad donde se sitúan.

En el 75è aniversari de la primera llei de les cooperatives. 'En el 75 aniversario de la primera ley de las cooperativas'.

Se expone un pequeño repaso a través de la historia de la creación de las cooperativas que va desde la proclamación de la Segunda República, tiempo en el cual se empezaron a crear las primeras cooperativas. Luego hace un pequeño hincapié en la creación de la primera cooperativa de enseñanza en Mallorca, que fue la del CIDE, que en el año 1996 cumplió 40 años. Finalmente concluye diciendo que el cooperativismo ha tenido un largo y dificultoso recorrido, y que hoy, aspectos identitarios, valores esenciales, y nuevos principios, son y serán objeto de debate y preocupación en el tiempo presente.

Les cooperatives d'ensenyament a les Illes Balears. 'Las cooperativas de enseñanza en las Islas Baleares'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Incluye gráficas y tablas de datos relativas al curso 2007-2008

La globalització econòmica i el paper de les cooperatives. 'La globalización económica y el papel de las cooperativas'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Contiene fotografía del autor

Trets d'identitat de les cooperatives d'ensenyament de les Illes Balears. 'Rasgos de identidad de las cooperativas de enseñanza de las Islas Baleares'.

Resumen tomado del autor