Optical and chemical properties of polyterpenol thin films deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The development of novel organic polymer thin films is essential for the advancement of many emerging fields including organic electronics and biomedical coatings. In this study, the effect of synthesis conditions, namely radio frequency (rf) deposition power, on the material properties of polyterpenol thin films derived from nonsynthetic environmentally friendly monomer was investigated. At lower deposition powers, the polyterpenol films preserved more of the original monomer constituents, such as hydroxy functional groups; however, they were also softer and more hydrophilic compared to polymers fabricated at higher power. Enhanced monomer fragmentation and consequent reduction in the presence of the polar groups in the structure of the high-power samples reduced their optical band gap value from 2.95 eV for 10 W to 2.64 eV for 100 W. Regardless of deposition power, all samples were found to be optically transparent with smooth, defect-free, and homogenous surfaces.

Kinetics of oxidation of pseudocumene in the vapor phase

The kinetics of pseudocumene oxidation in the vapor phase with tin vanadate as catalyst have been studied over the following ranges of the variables: Oxygen concentration, 0.909 to 2.857 mole/m3; pseudocumene concentration, 0.071 to 0.125 mole/m3; temperature, 260 to 320°C; space time, 22.5 to 90 × 104 g. catalyst/mole sec. Oxidation-reduction models have been found to describe the kinetics adequately. The mechanism is found to remain the same throughout the temperature range covered.

Vapor phase oxidation of ethanol over thorium molybdate catalyst

Ethanol oxidation in the vapor phase was studied in an isothermal flow reactor using thorium molybdate catalyst in the temperature range 220–280 °C. Under these conditions the catalyst was highly selective to acetaldehyde formation. The rate data were well represented by a steady state two-stage redox model given by the equation: View the MathML source The parameters of the above model were estimated by linear and nonlinear least squares methods. In the case of nonlinear estimation the sum of the squares of residuals decreased. The activation energies and preexponential factors for the reduction and oxidation steps of the model, estimated by nonlinear least squares technique are: 9.47 kcal/mole, 9.31 g mole/ (sec) (g cat) (atm) and 9.85 kcal/mole, 0.17 g mole/(sec) (g cat) (atm)0.5, respectively. Oxidations of ethanol and methanol over thorium molybdate catalyst were compared under similar conditions.

Catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of p-xylene over tin vanadate

Rates of oxidation of p-xylene were measured in the temperature range 320 to 420 °C using tin vanadate as catalyst in an isothermal differential flow reactor. The amounts of p-xylene converted were determined by analyzing the main products (p-tolualdehyde, maleic anhydride, p-toluic acid and traces of terephthalic acid). Negligible amounts of products of complete combustion were formed. The reaction rates obtained for p-xylene followed the relation, Image based on the redox model. The mechanism of the reaction was determined by conducting different sets of experiments and it was found that the reaction followed the parallel-consecutive mechanism, in which p-tolualdehyde and maleic anhydride were formed from the parallel route whereas p-toluic acid was formed from the consecutive route.

Electrochromic, magnetotransport and AC transport properties of vapor phase polymerized PEDOT(VPP PEDOT)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene (PEDOT) doped with tosylate ion (PEDOT-tosylate or VPP PEDOT) was synthesized by vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique on glass as well as on glass/ITO and the electrochromic properties were investigated. Compared with that of PEDOT-PSS spin-coated on glass/ITO, the studies showed that VPP PEDOT has a lower work function and better electrochromic properties. The magneto and AC transport properties studies were done on VPP PEDOT coated on glass substrate. The system shows 2-dimensional variable range hopping and wave function shrinkage of charge carriers.

Single layer graphene film by ethanol chemical vapor deposition: Highly efficient growth and clean transfer method

The choice of ethanol (C2H5OH) as carbon source in the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of graphene on copper foils can be considered as an attractive alternative among the commonly used hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH4) [1]. Ethanol, a safe, low cost and easy handling liquid precursor, offers fast and efficient growth kinetics with the synthesis of fullyformed graphene films in just few seconds [2]. In previous studies of graphene growth from ethanol, various research groups explored temperature ranges lower than 1000 °C, usually reported for methane-assisted CVD. In particular, the 650–850 °C and 900 °C ranges were investigated, respectively for 5 and 30 min growth time [3, 4]. Recently, our group reported the growth of highly-crystalline, few-layer graphene by ethanol-CVD in hydrogen flow (1– 100 sccm) at high temperatures (1000–1070 °C) using growth times typical of CH4-assisted synthesis (10–30 min) [5]. Furthermore, a synthesis time between 20 and 60 s in the same conditions was explored too. In such fast growth we demonstrated that fully-formed graphene films can be grown by exposing copper foils to a low partial pressure of ethanol (up to 2 Pa) in just 20 s [6] and we proposed that the rapid growth is related to an increase of the Cu catalyst efficiency due weak oxidizing nature of ethanol. Thus, the employment of such liquid precursor, in small concentrations, together with a reduced time of growth and very low pressure leads to highly efficient graphene synthesis. By this way, the complete coverage of a copper catalyst surface with high spatial uniformity can be obtained in a considerably lower time than when using methane.

Transient response of nonlinear magneto-optic rotation in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell

We study resonant nonlinear magneto-optic rotation (NMOR) in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell as the magnetic field is swept. At low sweep rates, the nonlinear rotation appears as a narrow resonance signal with a linewidth of about ``300 mu G''(2 pi x 420 Hz). At high sweep rates, the signal shows transient response with an oscillatory decay. The decay time constant is of order 100 ms. The behavior is different for transitions starting from the lower or the upper hyperfine level of the ground state because of optical pumping effects.

Synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition of ferrocene alone

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled with Fe nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition of ferrocene alone as the precursor. The MWNTs were grown at different temperatures: 980 and 800 degrees C. Characterization of as-prepared MWNTs was done by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The transmission electron microscopy study revealed that Fe NPs encapsulated in MWNTs grown at 980 and 800 degrees C are spherical and rod shaped, respectively. Room-temperature vibrating sample magnetometer studies were done on the two samples up to a field of 1T. The magnetization versus magnetic field loop reveals that the saturation magnetization for the two samples varies considerably, almost by a factor of 4.6. This indicates that Fe is present in different amounts in the MWNTs grown at the two different temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system n-heptane-n-butyl alcohol at medium pressures

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system n-heptane-n-butyl alcohol at pressures of 1445, 2205, 2965, and 3725 mm. of Hg have been reported. The data are correlated with Chao's modified Redlich-Kister equation.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the systems diisopropyl ether-n-heptane and diisopropyl ether-carbon tetrachloride at medium pressures

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the systems diisopropyl ether-n-heptane and diisopropyl ether-carbon tetrachloride have been reported at pressures of 760, 1520, and 2280 mm. of Hg. The systems form ideal mixtures under the pressure range studied.

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of n-heptane-n-butanol system

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system n-heptane-n-butanol have been reported. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was tested with Chao's modified Redlich-Kister equation and Tao's method.

Electronic-Transitions In Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers Of Carboxylic-Acids In The Vapor-Phase - An Electron-Energy Loss Spectroscopic Study

An electron energy loss spectroscopic study of the formic acid dimer has shown bands centred around 7.2, 8.5, 9.8, and 11.1 eV, of which the first and the third bands are assigned to n- rc* transitions and the other two to n-n* transitions; similar transitions are found in the acetic acid dimer.

Vapor phase oxidation of p-xylene

The kinetics of the vapor phase oxidation of p-xylene over ferric molybdate catalyst were studied in an isothermal, differential, tubular flow reactor in the temperature range of 360 to 420° C. The major product obtained was p-tolualdehyde with small amounts of maleic anhydride and p-toluic acid. No terephthalic acid or CO2 were observed. The reaction rate data collected fit the redox model given by Equation 1. The values of activation energies Ex, Eo and frequency factors Ax, Ao obtained are 72, 63 kJ/mol and 0.64, 2.89 m3/kg catalyst s respectively. The reaction mechanism was established by studying the oxidation of p-tolualdehyde, toluic and terephthalic acids. It is concluded that the reaction follows a parallel-consecutive scheme. On a étudié la cinétique de l'oxydation, en phase gazeuse, du para-xylène sur un catalyseur consistant en molybdate ferrique; cette oxydation s'est faite dans un réacteur à écoulement tubulaire, isothermique et différentiel, dans une échelle de températures comprises entre 360°C et 420°C. Le produit principal obtenu a été le para-tolualdéhyde; on a aussi trouvé de faibles quantités d'anhydride maléique et d'acide para-toluique, mais on n'a pas noté la présence d'acide téréphtalique ni d'anhydride carbonique (CO2). Les résultats obtenus en ce qui a trait à la vitesse de réaction concordent bien avec les données du modèle redox indiquées par l'équation 1. Les valeurs des énergies d'activation Ex et Eo ainsi que des facteurs de fréquence Ax et Ao obtenus sont respectivement 72 et 63 kilojoules/mol. et 0.64 × 103 et 2.89 m3/kg de catalyseur. On a établi le mécanisme de la réaction en étudiant l'oxydation du para-tolualdéhyde et des acides toluique et téréphtalique. On conclut que la réaction se fait d'une manière parallèle et consécutive.