Estrutura societária e controle minoritário no Brasil Telecom: análise do poder exercido pelo Opportunity de 2003 a 2005

Desde meados dos anos 1990 o ambiente de negócios brasileiro tem passado por um relevante incremento na sofisticação da modelagem de estruturas societárias para grandes empreendimentos, um tipo de conhecimento que, porém, fica na maior parte restrito aos participantes desses empreendimentos e seus assessores jurídicos e financeiros. No caso da estruturação societária da Brasil Telecom, entretanto, foi possível ter acesso a todos os documentos e informações necessários ao estudo dessa estrutura, devido à enorme quantidade de litígios judiciais em que essa companhia esteve envolvida por quase dez anos, nos quais se pode obter a maior parte dos documentos analisados neste trabalho. Esse material é precioso, pois o caso da Brasil Telecom, conhecido como um dos maiores do direito societário brasileiro, tem uma peculiaridade muito importante: o grupo era gerido por um acionista minoritário, o grupo Opportunity, que exerceu poder de controle durante esses dez anos, apesar de sua diminuta participação societária e da forte oposição que sofreu dos acionistas majoritários por quase todo o tempo em que exerceu esse poder. O objetivo desse trabalho é revelar as técnicas jurídicas que permitiram o exercício desse poder, bem como buscar entender por que, apesar de tanta oposição dos demais acionistas e da enorme litigiosidade, anos transcorreram até que o Opportunity fosse definitivamente afastado da administração e do exercício do poder de controle da Brasil Telecom.

Vínculo empregatício: interpretação judicial do direito fundamental à relação de emprego protegida e seus efeitos

The Federal Constitution, in Article 1, sections III and IV, lifted the work as the foundation of the Federative Republic of Brazil, including work as a social guarantee in Article 6, listing in its Article 7 minimal guarantees role with respect to social rights of workers. Although elevated to constitutional rights, these social rights of workers have in the judicial interpretation of the characteristic elements of the employment relationship, sometimes a mismatch with the legal and constitutional order, when, in deciding not ponder such elements, causing damage economic and social benefits to all workers, thus affecting the very constitutional basis of worker protection, there is therefore situations in which there must be part of unavailability of rights by the employee. Therefore, identifying the characteristic elements of employment, means allow immediate legal finding about possible illegality perpetrated by the employer, precisely because the sentence recognizes be merely declaratory noting, therefore, the elements that make up the juridical system normative in order to establish the characterization of employment in step with the effective observance and guarantee of social rights and therefore the employer's performance limiter as pertains to hiring and employee dismissal. This point is it's main element of this work, which is fundamental for the exegesis of the theme to limit the autonomy of the will. There is no denying, therefore, the need to extend the effects of these guarantees in the employment contract. In this context, therefore, jumping the guarantees of employees, embodied in particular in the Consolidation of Labor Laws, and especially in the Federal Constitution and international protection instruments to ensure the fundamental right to secure employment relationship, where technological advancement, social and economic, reflect directly, such as the parassubordinação, and claiming more and more systematic resolutions, especially when evidence gaps' values, which elevate the debate about the need for increased use of precedents of order to support the judgments, often beset with aspects of unconstitutionality, all in compliance with the integration of standards, seeking legal enforcement of this bond and providing legal certainty, there emerged, so the essence of the theme: discuss to what extent the distortion of employment limits the effectiveness of social rights and what its legal effects, since the constitutional standard for social guarantees protects equally worker admission.

TRANSPARÊNCIA NO ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO E AS MEMÓRIAS VIRTUAIS DA DITADURA MILITAR NO SITE BRASIL: NUNCA MAIS DIGIT@L

O presente estudo aborda a transparência no acesso às informações sobre acontecimentos históricos que compõem as memórias individuais e coletivas, por meio da construção das memórias virtuais para o fortalecimento da democracia. Objetiva analisar a transparência nas informações contidas no site Brasil: Nunca Mais Digit@l sobre os processos judiciais que tramitaram na Justiça Militar em relação aos cidadãos que se manifestaram contra a ditadura militar no Brasil (1964-1985). Apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a importância da transparência no acesso à informação e a recomposição das memórias coletivas, a partir de memórias virtuais. Estudo qualitativo realizado no primeiro semestre de 2015 que utiliza análise de conteúdo para analisar o site Brasil: Nunca Mais Digit@l, que disponibiliza um acervo dos processos judiciais movidos contras os cidadãos durante a ditadura militar. Conclui que o site é um espaço virtual facilitador na transparência do acesso às informações sobre os processos judiciais, o que auxilia no conhecimento dessas memórias coletivas, busca por cidadania e ampliação do processo democrático.

As demandas judiciais no âmbito do SUS

O recurso educacional é uma charge que representa algumas das demandas judiciais prevalentes no âmbito do SUS

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica no Brasil: avaliação dos estudos de base populacional

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um importante fator de risco das doenças decorrentes de aterosclerose e trombose, as quais são exteriorizadas, predominantemente, por aparecimento de complicações cardíaca, cerebral, renal e vascular periférica. Em 25% e 40% dos casos, a hipertensão arterial participa da etiologia multifatorial da cardiopatia isquêmica e do acidente vascular cerebral, respectivamente, caracterizando-a como uma das causas de maior redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida dos indivíduos. Os conhecimentos atuais sobre a pressão arterial baseiam-se nas aplicações criteriosas dos princípios da hidrodinâmica ao sistema circulatório, e contribuem para o desenvolvimento da hemodinâmica e para a compreensão da fisiopatologia cardiovascular. Entende-se por pressão arterial a pressão hidrodinâmica existente no interior das artérias e comunicada às suas paredes. A OMS considera que a hipertensão arterial é uma doença de natureza multifatorial, frequentemente associada às alterações metabólicas e hormonais e sem precedentes de idade, caracterizada pela elevação da pressão arterial, cuja cronicidade está associada a alterações em órgãos alvos: coração, cérebro e rins. Estima-se que o número de indivíduos com hipertensão no Brasil é de, aproximadamente, 18 milhões, sendo que apenas 30% estão sob controle clínico. O fato de a hipertensão arterial ser um dos principais fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de doenças isquêmicas do coração e cerebrovasculares e a segunda maior causa de morte no nosso país, contribuíram para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, cujo objetivo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre estudos recentes de base populacional que avaliaram a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em adultos brasileiros. Essa revisão foi baseada na metodologia exploratória de artigos e de sites científicos que continham informações relevantes sobre o tema. Com base nessa revisão e por meio da vivência na ESF, observou-se que as pessoas não atingem bom controle dos níveis pressóricos devido ao estilo de vida não saudável, o que inclui ingestão elevada de dietas hiperssódicas, consumo aumentado de álcool, tabagismo acentuado e sedentarismo. Além do estilo de vida, a predisposição genética é outro fator importante e grande fonte de pesquisas. Em conjunto, as medidas farmacológicas e as mudanças de estilo de vida tornam-se fundamentais para o controle da HAS com a finalidade de redução das complicações e melhora de qualidade de vida dos hipertensos.

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Políticas sociais de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes no Brasil

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.

Reflexão sobre alguns desafios do ensino médio no Brasil hoje

The purpose of this article is to develop some ideas that may contribute to the debate about the secondary education in Brazil, giving emphasis to the conditions existing in the educational institutions, the ongoing educational policies and the challenges posed by the social, economic and political reality of the country. It is also discussed the political, social and economic importance of the expansion and the compulsory character of secondary education as well as the school's culture dimension, in its relationship to the so-called knowledge society. Finally, the role of secondary education for the youth and the new demands it poses for teachers are presented, among some others aspects.

Governamentalidade democrática e ensino de Filosofia no Brasil contemporâneo

This article takes the concepts of biopower and governmentality as the starting point for an analysis of certain recent Brazilian government documents about the introduction of Philosophy as a subject in secondary school. In the 1980s, this argument centered on Philosophy's so-called criticism and its potential for preparing citizens for a democratic society, was used by the movements aimed to restore democracy in Brazil. This argument appears to have been assimilated by the Brazilian government, because it is stated in the Guidelines and Bases of Education Law, secondary school students should demonstrate knowledge of philosophy necessary for the exercise of citizenship. The argument also appears in documents such as the PCN and PCN+ (National Curricular Parameters) and OCEM (Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School) in their chapters on Philosophy. These documents are examined here in the light of governmentality, making explicit how Philosophy is equipped to train young people according to what is understood as a modern democratic society.

Organização de pesquisa no Brasil: lições do passado, propostas para o futuro

Chemical research in Brazil has grown significantly in the past 20 years, largely thanks to the Brazilian S&T Development Program of the federal government (PADCT). However, the newly achieved levels of highly qualified manpower and research infra-structure require new research organization frameworks to make science, technology and innovation really useful and meaningful for the citizens. The current requirements for creating viable networks of academic and industry researchers are presented and discussed as well as some structural and procedural bottlenecks that have to be eliminated, to achieve maximum high-quality science, technology and relevant innovation output.

25 anos de quimiometria no Brasil

Chemometric activities in Brazil are described according to three phases: before the existence of microcomputers in the 1970s, through the initial stages of microcomputer use in the 1980s and during the years of extensive microcomputer applications of the ´90s and into this century. Pioneering activities in both the university and industry are emphasized. Active research areas in chemometrics are cited including experimental design, pattern recognition and classification, curve resolution for complex systems and multivariate calibration. New trends in chemometrics, especially higher order methods for treating data, are emphasized.

A importância das revistas Química Nova e Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society no crescimento da área de química no Brasil

Quimica Nova and the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society are two examples of successful initiatives taken by the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ - Sociedade Brasileira de Química), and may serve as models for the scientific societies of developing countries. Pillars of the SBQ, these two periodicals are undeniable demonstrations that idealism, utopia and dignity are the essential ingredients for transforming dreams into reality. Few believed that the Brazilian chemical community would one day have, as it does today, two scientific research periodicals indexed in the principal international data banks.

Estudo da capacidade de complexação e sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais em cinco represas do Rio Tietê/Brasil

The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.

Própolis do sudeste e nordeste do Brasil: influência da sazonalidade na atividade antibacteriana e composição fenólica

The composition and biological activities of propolis, a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources, depends on various factors such as season and vegetation of the area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the seasonal effect on the ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis (EEP) type 6 and type 12, collected during 6 months in terms of antibacterial activity and phenolic composition. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated by MIC and MBC on S. mutans Ingbritt 1600 and the profile of chemical composition by UV-visible spectrophotometry, HPLC-RF and GC-MS. The results demonstrated that the season in which propolis is collected influences its chemical composition, resulting in modifications in its antibacterial activity.

Levantamento fitossociológico e caráter sucessional de um trecho de floresta secundária ciliar em Juquitiba, SP, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the horizontal and vertical structures of tree community in regeneration in a fragment of a secondary riparian forest at approximately 30 years of age and to identify the most abundant species in each fragment of the forest to determine the sucessional stage. An area of 800 m² was subdivided into 16 samples of 10 x 5 m and all individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were sampled and identified for the following analyzes: horizontal parameters (DR, FR, DoR, IVC and IVI), vertical parameters (PSR and RNR) and mixed parameters, from of value of increased importance index (IVIa). The survey measured 689 individuals, belonging to 38 families, 74 genus and 109 species. The total density was 8,614 individuals/ha. The index of Shannon´s diversity was 3.99 and the index of Pielou´s equability was 0.85. Tibouchina pulchra, Psychotria suterella and Endlicheria paniculata obtained high values of IVIa. Guarea macrophylla, Gomidesia anacardiaefolia, Xylopia langsdorffiana and Endlicheria paniculata achieved high values of RNT, indicating adequate natural regeneration in the plot. The initial secondary and umbrophylous species showed the highest ecological importance in this fragment of the forest, with the highest values of sociologic position and importance index. Furthermore, the presence of late secondary species in all layers suggest that the studied fragment is in intermediate succession degree.