Corn productivity in function of surface application of lime in differents management systems and cultural preparation

The evaluation of technologies employed at the agricultural production system such as crop rotation and soil preparation, both associated with crop-livestock integration, is crucial. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incorporation of lime for three no-tillage systems and cultural managements in system of crop-livestock integration, with emphasis on corn grain yield. The experiment was conducted from January 2003 to April 2005 at Selvíria city, MS, in Dystroferric Red Latosol, clay texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots consisted of three main treatments, aimed the soil physics conditioning and the incorporation of lime: PD - No-no-tillage; CM - minimum no-tillage, and PC - conventional no-tillage; and of two secondary treatments related to the management: rotation and crop succession, with four replications. Data on agronomic traits of maize were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, height of the first spike insertion, 100 grains weight and grain yield. The results showed that the maize produced under the system of crop-livestock integration is quite feasible, showing that grain yields are comparable to averages in the region and the different soil physical conditioning and incorporation of lime did not influence the corn yield as well as the cultural managements, rotation and succession, did not affect the maize crop behavior after two years of cultivation.

Treadmill exercise testing of asymptomatic men and women without evidence of heart disease

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of differences in performance including differences in ST-T wave changes between healthy men and women submitted to an exercise stress test. Two hundred (45.4%) men and 241 (54.6%) women (mean age: 38.7 ± 11.0 years) were submitted to an exercise stress test. Physiologic and electrocardiographic variables were compared by the Student t-test and the chi-square test. To test the hypothesis of differences in ST-segment changes, data were ranked with functional models based on weighted least squares. To evaluate the influence of gender and age on the diagnosis of ST-segment abnormality, a logistic model was adjusted; P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Rate-pressure product, duration of exercise and estimated functional capacity were higher in men (P < 0.05). Sixteen (6.7%) women and 9 (4.5%) men demonstrated ST-segment upslope ≥0.15 mV or downslope ≥0.10 mV; the difference was not statistically significant. Age increase of one year added 4% to the chance of upsloping of segment ST ≥0.15 mV or downsloping of segment ST ≥0.1 mV (P = 0.03; risk ratio = 1.040, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.002-1.080). Heart rate recovery was higher in women (P < 0.05). The chance of women showing an increase of systolic blood pressure ≤30 mmHg was 85% higher (P = 0.01; risk ratio = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.1-3.05). No significant difference in the frequency of ST-T wave changes was observed between men and women. Other differences may be related to different physical conditioning.

Short-term follow-up of exercise training program and beta-blocker treatment on quality of life in dogs with naturally acquired chronic mitral valve disease

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvedilol treatment and a regimen of supervised aerobic exercise training on quality of life and other clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables in a group of client-owned dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Ten healthy dogs (control) and 36 CMVD dogs were studied, with the latter group divided into 3 subgroups. In addition to conventional treatment (benazepril, 0.3-0.5 mg/kg once a day, and digoxin, 0.0055 mg/kg twice daily), 13 dogs received exercise training (subgroup I; 10.3±2.1 years), 10 dogs received carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and exercise training (subgroup II; 10.8±1.7 years), and 13 dogs received only carvedilol (subgroup III; 10.9±2.1 years). All drugs were administered orally. Clinical, laboratory, and Doppler echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Exercise training was conducted from months 3-6. The mean speed rate during training increased for both subgroups I and II (ANOVA, P>0.001), indicating improvement in physical conditioning at the end of the exercise period. Quality of life and functional class was improved for all subgroups at the end of the study. The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level increased in subgroup I from baseline to 3 months, but remained stable after training introduction (from 3 to 6 months). For subgroups II and III, NT-proBNP levels remained stable during the entire study. No difference was observed for the other variables between the three evaluation periods. The combination of carvedilol or exercise training with conventional treatment in CMVD dogs led to improvements in quality of life and functional class. Therefore, light walking in CMVD dogs must be encouraged.

Carbohydrate Composition and Water-Stable Aggregation of an Oxisol as Affected by Crop Sequence under No-Till

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da concordância entre instrumentos de avaliação do equilíbrio corporal em idosos

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Diagnosticar os parâmetros clínicos associados com as quedas em idosos tornou-se um grande desafio para a comunidade científica. Apesar da existência de diversos instrumentos direcionados à avaliação do equilíbrio corporal em idosos, ainda é escasso o número de trabalhos que investigaram e discutiram a concordância entre os diversos métodos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a correlação entre alguns testes usados para avaliar o equilíbrio corporal no idoso. MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, realizado com 30 voluntárias idosas comunitárias, hígidas, com diferentes níveis de condicionamento físico. Foram utilizados o Teste de Alcance Funcional Anterior (TAF), a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) e o Teste de Equilíbrio de Tinetti (Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment - POMA). A correlação dos dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação positiva e moderada entre o TAF e a EEB (r=0,4845; p=0,0067), entre o TAF e a POMA (r=0,4136; p= 0,0231), entre a EEB e a POMA (r=0,6088; p=0,0004). CONCLUSÃO: Os testes são complementares, dado que se mostraram com particularidades e limitações distintas. Torna-se razoável, portanto, a aplicação conjunta desses instrumentos para melhor avaliar o equilíbrio de idosas.

Fatores associados à diferença clinicamente significativa da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde após condicionamento físico em pacientes com DPOC

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores associados à diferença clinicamente significativa da qualidade de vida (DCSQV) após condicionamento físico em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco pacientes foram submetidos a 12 semanas de condicionamento físico, envolvendo treinamento de força e exercício aeróbio leve. Composição corporal, teste incremental e de endurance em esteira, teste de caminhada de seis minutos, força muscular periférica, PImáx, baseline dyspnea index (BDI) e Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) foram avaliados antes e após o treinamento, e suas alterações (Δ) foram calculadas. A DCSQV foi definida como a redução > 4% no escore total do SGRQ. Os pacientes que responderam ao treinamento, apresentando DCSQV, foram alocados no grupo respondedores (R; n = 24), e os demais pacientes foram alocados no grupo não-respondedores (NR; n = 11). RESULTADOS: Os seguintes resultados foram significativamente maiores no grupo R que no grupo NR (p < 0,05): VEF1 (1,48 ± 0,54 L vs. 1,04 ± 0,34 L), VEF1/CVF (47,9 ± 11,7% vs. 35,5 ± 10,7%), PaO2 (74,1 ± 9,7 mmHg vs. 65,0 ± 8,9mmHg) e ΔBDI [mediana (interquartil); 2,0 (0,0-3,5) vs. 0,0 (0,0-1,0)]. Houve correlação significativa (p < 0,01) de ΔSGRQ-sintomas (r = 0,44), ΔSGRQ-atividade (r = 0,62) e ΔSGRQ-total (r = 0,60) com ΔBDI. Após regressão logística, apenas ΔBDI foi selecionado como determinante da DCSQV. CONCLUSÕES: A DCSQV após o condicionamento físico está associada principalmente à redução da dispneia nos pacientes com DPOC. Portanto, são necessárias estratégias de tratamento visando interromper o ciclo dispneia-sedentarismo-dispneia nesses pacientes.

Treinamento de força para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica apresentam comumente fraqueza muscular periférica associada à intolerância ao exercício. Embora efetivo, o exercício aeróbio apresenta pouco ou nenhum efeito na fraqueza e atrofia muscular, além de não ser tolerado pela maioria dos pacientes com DPOC. Nesse sentido, o treinamento de força é opção racional para aumentar a força muscular, além de já ter se mostrado mais tolerável que o exercício aeróbio. O aumento de força muscular periférica é o benefício mais consistente do treinamento de força e, quando este é associado ao exercício aeróbio, não resulta em melhora adicional da capacidade de exercício, da dispnéia e da qualidade de vida. Contudo, observa-se que o treinamento combinado é fisiologicamente mais completo e pode ser uma opção de condicionamento físico mais diversificado. O treinamento de moderada a alta intensidade resulta em maiores adaptações fisiológicas, entretanto o exercício de baixa intensidade é tolerável, simples, de fácil execução domiciliar, não requer equipamentos sofisticados e resulta em benefícios significativos. Este exercício é indicado, sobretudo, para os pacientes com DPOC mais avançada. Finalmente, há evidências recentes de que o treinamento de força para os músculos do tronco é alternativa válida para melhorar a capacidade funcional de exercício e a função pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC. A presente revisão de literatura sugere a incorporação do treinamento de força como estratégia de rotina nos programas de reabilitação pulmonar. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de força na saúde mental, no desempenho em atividades de vida diária, na saúde osteoarticular, no risco de quedas e na função pulmonar, entre outros.

Atividade física para prevenção e tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e da incapacidade funcional

A atividade física pode ser efetivar tanto na atenção primária quanto secundária e terciária da saúde. Os objetivos do artigo são analisar a associação entre atividade física e prevenção ou tratamento das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis e incapacidade funcional e rever os principais mecanismos biológicos responsáveis por essa associação e as recomendações atuais para a prática de exercícios nessas situações. Diversos estudos epidemiológicos mostram associação entre aumento dos níveis de atividade física e redução da mortalidade geral e por doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos adultos e idosos. Embora ainda não estejam totalmente compreendidos, os mecanismos que ligam a atividade física à prevenção e ao tratamento de doenças e incapacidade funcional envolvem principalmente a redução da adiposidade corporal, a queda da pressão arterial, a melhora do perfil lipídico e da sensibilidade à insulina, o aumento do gasto energético, da massa e força muscular, da capacidade cardiorrespiratória, da flexibilidade e do equilíbrio. No entanto, a quantidade e qualidade dos exercícios necessários para a prevenção de agravos à saúde podem ser diferentes daquelas para melhorar o condicionamento físico. de forma geral, os consensos para a prática de exercícios preventivos ou terapêuticos contemplam atividades aeróbias e resistidas, preferencialmente somadas às atividades físicas do cotidiano. Particularmente para os idosos ou adultos, com co-morbidades ou limitações que afetem a capacidade de realizar atividades físicas, os consensos preconizam, além dessas atividades, a inclusão de exercícios para o desenvolvimento da flexibilidade e do equilíbrio.

Negative chronotropic response to adenosine receptor stimulation in rat right atria after run training

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potency and maximal responses (E-max) to the adenosine receptor agonists N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and N-6-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarbaxamidoadenosine (IB-MECA) in right atria from trained rats. We also investigated the interaction between the training bradycardia and the sensitivity of the chronotropic response mediated by adenosine receptor stimulation.2. Animals were submitted to run training for 60 min, 5 days a week, over a period of 8 weeks. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were measured in conscious animals. Right atria were isolated and concentration-response curves to CPA, NECA and IB-MECA were obtained.3. A reduction in heart rate was found in trained rats, indicating that the training programme was successful in inducing physical conditioning. The three adenosine receptor agonists induced a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic response. The rank order of potency and E-max for the three adenosine receptor agonists was CPA>NECA>IB-MECA.4. Dynamic exercise for 8 weeks did not alter the E a, for CPA, NECA and IB-MECA. Similarly, the potencies of CPA and NECA were not affected by run training, whereas the potency of IB-MECA was reduced (6.10+/-0.09 vs 5.66+/-0.10 for sedentary and trained groups, respectively).5. In conclusion, run training for 8 weeks induced a desensitization of the chronotropic response to IB-MECA without changing the potency of CPA and NECA. These findings exclude the participation of adenosine receptors in the training bradycardia.

Aspectos nutricionais do futebol de competição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho em recuperação há dezessete anos

The bulk density and resistance to penetration as indicators of recovery were studied with the objective to investigate the physical quality of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) under restoration for 17 years using green manures, soil correction, gypsum and pasture. The experimental design was a completely randomized with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments were: control (tilled soil without crop); Stizolobium aterrium; Cajanus cajan until 1994 and then substituted by Canavalia ensiformis; lime+S. aterrimum; lime+C. cajan until 1994 and then substituted by C. ensiformis; lime+gypsum+S. aterrimum; lime+ gypsum+C. cajan until 1994 and then substituted by C. ensiformis, the treatments were installed in 1992 and remained for seven years, in 1999 Brachiaria decumbens was planted; two other controls (native vegetation and exposed soil) were also used to compare. Bulk density, resistance to penetration and soil moisture were evaluated. The results were analyzed performing analysis of variance and Tukey test at probability of 5% to compare means. The treatments of reclamation are improving the physical qualities of soil and the results of treatment with C. cajan/C. ensiformis, lime and gypsum attained physical conditioning similar to soil under natural conditions.

Electromyographic validation of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in military press exercises with open grip.

It was studied the trapezius muscle and serratus anterior muscle in 24 male volunteers using a 2-channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph and Hewlett Packard surface electrodes, during the execution of four different modalities of military press exercises with open grip. The results showed that TS acted significantly in the modalities standing and sitting press behind neck, while SI acted in all the modalities, i.e., standing and sitting press behind neck and forward, justifying their inclusion as basic exercises for physical conditioning programmes.

Electromyographic validation of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in military press exercises with open and middle grip

Electromyographic activity of the trapezius muscle and serratus anterior muscle was analysed in 4 different modalities of military press exercises, each of them with 2 grips: open and middle. It was analyzed 24 male volunteers using a 2-channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph and Hewlett Packard surface electrodes. The TS and SI muscles acted with high and very high activity in all the modalities of military press exercises. Statistically, they did not show significative difference in the performance of the exercises with open and middle grip, justifying the inclusion of this group of exercises with both grips for the physical conditioning programmes.

Electromyographic validation of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in frontal-lateral cross, dumbbells exercises

Based on the lack of electromyographic researches on sport and programmes of physical conditioning, we can say that it is necessary to reexamine some exercises routinely used in the programmes of physical conditioning. Thus, the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles were studied electromyographically so that we could evaluate the validity in some ways of execution of the frontal-lateral cross, dumbbells exercises for the development of these muscles. We analyzed 24 male volunteers, 18 to 25 years old, using a 2-channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph and Hewlett Packard surface electrodes. For the execution of the exercise it was used a supine bench, a straight board and two bars of 40 cm made of light wood. The results showed that TS acted preferentially in standing modality and in the inclined supine modality, however with activity levels that do not justify its inclusion in physical fitness programmes.

Electromyographic validation of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in rowing exercises with middle grip

Because the lack of textbooks based on electromyographic studies in the area of exercises for physical conditioning, the authors proposed to study the trapezius (upper portion) (TS) and the serratus anterior (lower portion) (SI) muscles during the execution of four different modalities of rowing exercises with middle grip in 24 male volunteers, 18 to 25 years old. For the recordings, it was used a two-channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph and Hewlett Packard surface electrodes. For the movements, a supine bench and a 120 cm-long bar made of low weight wood were used. The results showed that TS acted significantly in upright, sitting and inclined rowing, justifying its inclusion in physical conditioning programmes, while SI, in spite of acting preferentially in upright and sitting rowing, presented activity levels which do not justify its inclusion.