Deposição e eficiência da pulverização eletrostática no controle do ácaro-rajado Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) na cultura do crisântemo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise comparativa de métodos para quantificação dos depósitos da pulverização em diferentes alvos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização funcional de adjuvantes em soluções aquosas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um sistema de injeção para aplicação localizada de defensivos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Construção e validação de um túnel de vento para ensaios de estimativa da deriva em pulverizações agrícolas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Controle do mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) do feijoeiro com o fungicida procimidone aplicado em pulverização e fungigação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Construção e validação de um túnel de vento para ensaios de estimativa da deriva em pulverizações agrícolas

The aim of this study was to build and validate a low cost reduced-scale wind tunnel for drift evaluation on pesticide application technology. The work was carried out at the NEMPA - Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais (NEMPA), FCA/UNESP, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Botucatu/SP, Brazil. The wind tunnel main characteristics were an open circuit and a closed working section with a fan blowing air into the tunnel. Screens were fitted downstream after the fan in order to stabilize the air flow on the working section. The tunnel was built with 3.0 mm eucalyptus hardboard, with a total length of 4.8 m and a squared section of 0.56 m. The air flow was provided by a 180 W axial fan. The system was adjusted and calibrated to provide a laminar and stable flow at 2.0 m s-1. Validation studies were carried out by using a Teejet XR 8003 flat fan nozzle at 200 kPa (medium droplets) to apply a spray solutions containing water plus a food dye (Blue FDC) at 0,6% m v-1 mixed with two adjuvants: a polymer based anti drift formulation at 0,06% m v-1 and a sodium lauryl ether sulfate based surfactant at 0,2% v v-1. After a 10-second application the drift was collected on nylon strips transversally fixed along the tunnel at different distances from the nozzle and different high from the bottom part of the tunnel. Drift deposits were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The wind tunnel had low levels of turbulence and high repeatability of the data, which means that the flow was uniform and able to be used for carrying out measures to estimate drift. The validation results showed that the tunnel was effective to enable comparative drift measurements on the spray solution used in this work making possible the evaluation of drift risk potential under those spray technologies. The use of an adjuvant based on a polymer reduced the amount of drift from the nozzle compared to the surfactant.

Occupational safety and health practices among flower greenhouses workers from Alto Tiete region (Brazil)

In this preliminary study the occupational safety and health practices among flower greenhouses workers were evaluated. The study was carried out in the alto Tiete region, located at the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Inadequate welfare facilities; poor pesticide storage, use and disposal conditions; use of highly toxic pesticides; lack of adequate data regarding pesticide use; and incorrect use and maintenance of PPE were observed in most of the visited greenhouses. These results suggest that, in greenhouses, workers may be at higher risk of pesticide exposure, due to many factors that can intensify the exposure such as the lack of control on reentry intervals after pesticide application. Specific regulations are needed to ensure better OSH practices on pesticide use and to improve working conditions in greenhouses, in order to deal with the peculiarities of greenhouse working environment. Some of the special requirements for greenhouses workers' protection are the establishment of ventilation criteria for restricted entry interval; clear reentry restrictions; and EPI for workers other than applicators that need to enter the greenhouse before expiring REI interval. Another important way to improve OSH practices among workers includes the distribution of simple guidelines on the dos and don'ts regarding OSH practices in greenhouses and extensively training interventions to change the perception of hazards and the behavior towards risk. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hexachlorocyclohexanes concentration in air and ocean water

Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants derived from pesticide application. They are subject to long-range transport, persistent in the environment, and capable of accumulation in biota. Shipboard measurements of HCH isomers (a-, b- and g-HCH) in surface seawater and boundary layer atmospheric samples were conducted in the Atlantic and the Southern Ocean in October to December of 2008. SumHCHs concentrations (the sum of a-, g- and b-HCH) in the lower atmosphere ranged from 12 to 37 pg/m**3 (mean: 27 ± 11 pg/m**3) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and from 1.5 to 4.0 pg/m**3 (mean: 2.8 ± 1.1 pg/m**3) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), respectively. Water concentrations were: a-HCH 0.33-47 pg/l, g-HCH 0.02-33 pg/l and b-HCH 0.11-9.5 pg/l. Dissolved HCH concentrations decreased from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, indicating historical use of HCHs in the NH. Spatial distribution showed increasing concentrations from the equator towards North and South latitudes illustrating the concept of cold trapping in high latitudes and less interhemispheric mixing process. In comparison to concentrations measured in 1987-1999/2000, gaseous HCHs were slightly lower, while dissolved HCHs decreased by factor of 2-3 orders of magnitude. Air-water exchange gradients suggested net deposition for a-HCH (mean: 3800 pg/m**2/day) and g-HCH (mean: 2000 pg/m**2/day), whereas b-HCH varied between equilibrium (volatilization: <0-12 pg/m**2/day) and net deposition (range: 6-690 pg/m**2/day). Climate change may significantly accelerate the release of "old" HCHs from continental storage (e.g. soil, vegetation and high mountains) and drive long-range transport from sources to deposition in the open oceans. Biological productivities may interfere with the air-water exchange process as well. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the long term trends and the biogeochemical turnover of HCHs in the oceanic environment.

Otimização e validação de metodologia analítica empregando SPE e LC-ESI-MS/MS para determinação de multiclasses de agrotóxicos e metabólitos em água de superfície e de abastecimento público

A aplicação de agrotóxicos nas práticas agrícolas aumentou muito nos últimos anos. Isto vem ocorrendo devido ao crescimento populacional, demandando maior produção de alimentos. O uso de agrotóxicos e seus resíduos tornaram-se um problema devido a possível contaminação das águas de superfície e subterrânea, podendo impactar o meio ambiente e causar danos à saúde pública. Na cidade de Rio Grande, RS, Brasil, o suprimento de água potável é realizado pela CORSAN (Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento), que capta a água do Canal São Gonçalo, o qual estabelece uma ligação entre as duas lagoas: Lagoa dos Patos e Lagoa Mirim. Em suas margens há também a captação de água para irrigação das culturas agrícolas. Esta interação entre o uso da água das lagoas e a agricultura, pode resultar na contaminação das águas que são captadas para abastecimento dos municípios situados na região. Uma metodologia analítica empregando Extração em Fase Sólida (SPE) e Cromatografia Líquida acoplada a uma fonte de ionização por Electrospray tandem Espectrometria de Massas (LCESI-MS/MS) foi desenvolvida e validada para a determinação de dezoito agrotóxicos multiclasses (herbicidas, inseticidas e fungicidas) e dois metabólitos em amostras de água superficial e de abastecimento público. Esta metodologia foi aplicada para monitoramento durante dez meses na água superficial do Canal São Gonçalo e na água de consumo da cidade de Rio Grande, após o tratamento pela CORSAN. Os agrotóxicos selecionados foram: clomazona, bispiribaque-sódio, diurom, atrazina, simazina, imazetapir, imazapique, metsulfuron-metílico, quincloraque, penoxsulam, 2,4-D, pirazosulfuron-etílico, bentazona, propanil, irgarol, tebuconazol, fipronil e carbofurano. Os metabólitos foram: 3,4-DCA e 3-hidroxicarbofurano. Os limites de detecção do método variaram entre 0,4 – 40,0 ng L -1 , enquanto para os limites de quantificação a variação foi de 4,0 – 100,0 ng L -1 . Todos os compostos apresentaram excelente linearidade, com coeficiente de determinação maior do que 0,99. As recuperações empregando SPE com cartuchos contendo 500 mg de C18ec, variaram entre 70 a 120%, para 95% dos compostos, apresentando %RSD 20%. Através do monitoramento de múltiplas reações (MRM), duas transições diferentes (íon precursor – íon produto) foram selecionadas para cada composto, uma para quantificação e outra para confirmação, o que aumentou a seletividade do método. Para as amostras analisadas, foram detectados agrotóxicos nível de ng L -1 . O método desenvolvido é sensível, rápido e apresenta elevada seletividade, permitindo a identificação e a quantificação dos agrotóxicos em águas superficiais e de abastecimento público, atendendo os níveis requeridos pelos órgãos reguladores como da União Européia (98/83/EC) e do Brasil segundo a Portaria Nº. 518 (25/03/2004).

Design of a simple detection cell with extended optical path length for capillary electrophoresis: Application to multiresidue pesticide analysis

Absorbance detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE), offers an excellent mass sensitivity, but poor concentration detection limits owing to very small injection volumes (normally I to 10 nL). This aspect can be a limiting factor in the applicability of CE/UV to detect species at trace levels, particularly pesticide residues. In the present work, the optical path length of an on-column detection cell was increased through a proper connection of the column (75 mu m i.d.) to a capillary detection cell of 180 mu m optical path length in order to improve detectability. It is shown that the cell with an extended optical path length results in a significant gain in terms of signal to noise ratio. The effect of the increase in the optical path length has been evaluated for six pesticides, namely, carbendazim, thiabendazole, imazalil, procymidone triadimefon, and prochloraz. The resulting optical enhancement of the detection cell provided detection limits of ca. 0.3 mu g/mL for the studied compounds, thus enabling the residue analysis by CE/UV.

Mathematical model SERATRA, for sediment-contaminant transport in rivers and its application to pesticide transport in Four Mile and Wolf Creeks in Iowa /

Mode of access: Internet.

Application of radiochemistry techniques in food processing research : radioisotopic tracer techniques in evaluation and improvement of industry practices for removal of pesticide residues from foods : annual report no. 4 /

"D-1548."