Resiliencia y variables sociodemograficas

En el presente trabajo se aborda la definición de una de las variables dentro de lo que se denomina Capital psicológico positivo, la Resiliencia, sus principales características y algunas de las variables socio demográficas que en el estudio pretenden ver el nivel de relación existente entre cada una de ellas (indirecta o directamente) en el proceso resiliente de una persona para posteriores discusiones y su implicación dentro de la gestión empresarial y sus direcciones futuras.

Aprender: uma necessidade, um direito e uma possibilidade ao alcance de todos

A transição do 1º para o 2º ciclo implica, em muitos casos, para além de uma mudança nos modelos de organização (espaços, tempos e pessoas…), uma mudança da própria escola. E se uma preparação atempada pode ser facilitadora nesse processo de transição (inter-escolas; escola/família e família/aluno), a verdade é que o novo ciclo implica novos problemas e novos desafios que testam e mobilizam, diariamente, nos alunos em trânsito, a sua capacidade de adaptação a novas situações. Aceitando-se que para um elevado número de crianças, esse período é curto e facilmente ultrapassável, reconhece-se que para outras, a inclusão no novo ciclo exige mais tempo e adaptações específicas, em função das necessidades educativas especiais que manifestam. O trabalho que se apresenta orientado numa perspectiva ecológica e desenvolvido com base numa metodologia de investigação-acção, permitiu-nos um melhor conhecimento do "Pedro" (nome fictício), enquanto pessoa (jovem, aluno, colega, filho, neto, vizinho e amigo), e dos contextos nos quais se movimenta; a identificação das suas potencialidades e necessidades educativas e a definição, implementação e avaliação das respostas educativas que viabilizaram e optimizaram a sua inclusão na escola do 2º ciclo. A intervenção realizada implicou um trabalho de equipa caracterizado pela colaboração e articulação regular, entre os diferentes intervenientes e pela persistência e coerência na acção desenvolvida. Permitiu ainda uma maior consciencialização de que quaisquer que sejam as características que nos tornam singulares, é possível evoluir em relação ao ponto de partida, se nos diferentes contextos de vida de cada pessoa se criarem as condições que viabilizem e estimulem percursos evolutivos. Com o trabalho desenvolvido reforçaram-se relações interpessoais, aprofundou-se a colaboração entre pares; entre a Escola e a Família, entre os Pais e o "Pedro" e desenvolveram-se as aprendizagens dos diferentes intervenientes, conforme testemunha a avaliação realizada.

Challenging students in Further Education: themes arising from a study of innovative FE provision for excluded and disaffected young people

The paper draws on a research project on innovative provision in an FE college for excluded and disaffected young people. The college offers places on vocational courses to students who are still of compulsory school age who have been excluded by or have persistently failed to attend or achieve in school. One set of themes to emerge relates to the experiences of the students: the role of personal relationships and, especially, relationships with teachers, in the breakdown of school placements; the importance both of good relationships with tutors, often expressed as 'being treated like an adult', and of a vocational and practical curriculum in successful re-engagement at college; and positive but highly instrumental and employment related attitudes to education. Another set of themes relates to the practical and organisational difficulties and the way that a lack of flexibility in 14-19 provision, especially while students are still of compulsory school age, creates difficulties for programmes of this kind. Finally the paper considers the tensions between pressures for accountability and outcome-driven measures and the aims of increasing participation and using education to address issues of social inclusion.

Re-engaging with Education

The paper reports a study of alternative pre- 16 provision in a college of further education for young people who were disaffected and/or non-attenders at secondary school. The data are derived from interviews with 26 of these young people who were 'success stories' for the programme in that they had continued attendance up to the end of Year 11 and, in a few cases, beyond. The interviews showed that, for the most part, school placements had broken down for these young people because of difficulties in personal relationships, in particular relationships with teachers. However, for a minority a perceived irrelevance of the school curriculum was also a factor. The young people were almost all positive about their experience at college and the vocational courses they were taking. A good atmosphere, good personal relationships and being treated as adults were the key features of their positive experience at college although their positive feelings about the particular course was related to its vocational relevance. Most of the young people said that education and training was important to them and that they planned further study. The paper tentatively concludes that it is poor personal relationships that are mainly responsible for the premature exit from school and that good personal relationships have enabled them to remain in education. However, their continued involvement in college and intentions for further study are strongly influenced by vocational factors. The positive tone on the results reflects the perceptions of the young people at the point of interview and the paper does not deal with the disadvantaged situation many of them may be in. Further research will focus on longer term outcomes for employment and training.

Principal-agent issues in asset acquisition: UK institutions and their investment agents

This paper explores principal‐agent issues in the stock selection processes of institutional property investors. Drawing upon an interview survey of fund managers and acquisition professionals, it focuses on the relationships between principals and external agents as they engage in property transactions. The research investigated the extent to which the presence of outcome‐based remuneration structures could lead to biased advice, overbidding and/or poor asset selection. It is concluded that institutional property buyers are aware of incentives for opportunistic behaviour by external agents, often have sufficient expertise to robustly evaluate agents’ advice and that these incentives are counter‐balanced by a number of important controls on potential opportunistic behaviour. There are strong counter‐incentives in the need for the agents to establish personal relationships and trust between themselves and institutional buyers, to generate repeat and related business and to preserve or generate a good reputation in the market.

Implementing ‘Site BIM’: a case study of ICT innovation on a large hospital project

Numerous Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools are well established and potentially beneficial in certain uses. However, issues of adoption and implementation persist, particularly for on-site use of BIM tools in the construction phase. We describe an empirical case-study of the implementation of an innovative ‘Site BIM’ system on a major hospital construction project. The main contractor on the project developed BIM-enabled tools to allow site workers using mobile tablet personal computers to access design information and to capture work quality and progress data on-site. Accounts show that ‘Site BIM’, while judged to be successful and actively supporting users, was delivered through an exploratory and emergent development process of informal prototyping. Technical IT skills were adopted into the construction project through personal relationships and arrangements rather than formal processes. Implementation was driven by construction project employees rather than controlled centrally by the corporate IT function.

Clusters, connectivity and catch-up: Bollywood and Bangalore in the Global Economy

In this article, we make two important contributions to the literature on clusters. First, we provide a broader theory of cluster connectivity that has hitherto focused on organization-based pipelines and MNE subsidiaries, by including linkages in the form of personal relationships. Second, we use the lens of social network theory to derive a number of testable propositions. We propose that global linkages with decentralized network structures have the highest potential for local spillovers. In the emerging economy context, our theory implies that clusters linked to the global economy by decentralized pipelines have potential for in-depth catch-up, focused in industry and technology scope. In contrast, clusters linked through decentralized personal relationships have potential for in-breadth catch-up over a range of related industries and technologies. We illustrate our theoretical propositions by contrasting two emerging economy case studies: Bollywood, the Indian filmed entertainment cluster in Mumbai and the Indian software cluster in Bangalore.

Meningen och innebörden i det goda mötet för vårdgivaren : En fenomenologisk intervjustudie med kvalitativ ansats

The purpose with this qualitative interview-study was to try, from the carer´s point of view, to describe the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The participants were selectively chosen and were all women of varying life- and professional experience. They were interviewed with four interrogative forms that dealt with the experiences of the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The analysis of the contents of the four interviews produced five themes: the meaning and the essence of aware presence in the good meeting, the meaning and the essence of the personal alliance, the carer's need of being seen and getting appreciation, the courage to bring up insulting behaviors while still preserving the relationship, personal qualities of the care. Aware presence was to be a main theme through out the meeting. Mutual satisfaction and attention to personal boundaries was emphasized primarily in the personal alliance and trust and confidence was important. It was considered difficult, sharing your personality while still stake out boundaries. The carer also had the need to feel seen and to receive appreciation. The carer as a reward for a work, well done, took positive signals from the person in receipt of care. In close relationships and meetings, the carer sometimes felt insulted by the persons in receipt of care and their relatives. The informants to create the good meeting used personal qualities like courage, sensitivity, flair and common sense.

Football supporters an the negative word of mouth of their rival team's brand

This article has the objective of identifying whether the loyalty for the team has a negative effect on the word of mouth of the rival team’s brand. It has been developed a model based on the works of Fagundes (2013) and Santana and Akel Sobrinho (2010), through the use of Structural Equation Modeling - SEM, which presents three constructions: the identification with the team, the loyalty to the team and the negative word of mouth of the rival’s brand. 528 students from two college were interviewed and it has been identified that the emotional involvement of the supporter with his team reflects on the identification of a supporter by his team (KWON e ARMSTRONG, 2004; KAYNAK, 2008; JORDAN et al., 2014), it is thus formed a loyalty for the team (FUNK and JAMES, 2006). It influences other people in their personal relationships through the negative word of mouth communication.

O poder judiciário e o movimento da qualidade total : aspectos determinantes na implantação do pgqj em um estudo exploratório

Este trabalho analisa fatores que viabilizaram a implantação do Plano de Gestão pela Qualidade do Judiciário em algumas Unidades do Poder Judiciário do RS. Com base na teoria geral da administração, especialmente na teoria clássica, na burocracia e na teoria comportamental, em autores de obras sobre organizações que aprendem e em obras de W. Edwards Deming sobre a nova economia no governo, desenvolve-se essa pesquisa. O estudo analisa a implantação do Plano de Gestão, os resultados dos projetos-piloto e programa de adesão, como os atores do processo perceberam as mudanças ocorridas e como é definida a situação por aqueles que estão à margem dos acontecimentos por diferentes motivos, por meio da análise de documentos do acervo da organização, de dados coletados nas entrevistas com integrantes de Unidades com e sem implantação do gerenciamento da rotina, preconizado pelo modelo da Qualidade Total. Estabelece-se, assim, o quadro de aspectos determinantes na implantação do PGQJ, quais sejam: a estrutura da tarefa, as relações interpessoais e a liderança, o processo decisório e o comprometimento com a organização. Os resultados obtidos delineiam a percepção dos atores quanto ao processo de mudança e suas expectativas quanto à capacidade da organização de absorver novos modelos de gestão, acarretando, em determinados momentos, uma completa quebra de paradigmas. Demonstram, ainda, a distância existente entre a proposição do Plano de Gestão, quanto ao comportamento administrativo, ao desenvolvimento dos recursos humanos, ao envolvimento com o trabalho, e o que efetivamente se verifica nas Unidades da organização. Por fim, discute-se alternativa para a implantação de modelo de gestão baseado na Qualidade Total e na aprendizagem organizacional, sugerindo-se estudos mais aprofundados desses aspectos determinantes, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho do projeto em andamento.

Proposta de uma abordagem humanista na pedagogia do ensino superior

This paper focuses on the importance of a Humanistic Pedagogy that cnphasizes the personal worth of each individual in the University education. Interactions between masters and students were studied upon different aproaches. Emphasis was given to the dynamic of group formation in the classroom as well as the development of inter-personal relationships. Twenty students of the Hedicine School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro as well as three teachers involved in the same field of study - Discipline were carefully analised throuqh a proper Methodology. Overall, the issue of the proposed study is complex and multifaceted. Institucional factors as well as bilogical, psychological and social factors should be considered for a better understanding of thc problem. Our results strongly suggest the existence of an "Educational Space" where an up to date Humanistic Pedagogy should be applied.

Viagem ao centro da denúncia: explorando as “camadas” que influenciam as denúncias de fraudes nas organizações

As fraudes contábeis representam uma grande perda para a economia global tanto na esfera pública quanto privada, destacando, assim, os prejuízos sociais ocasionados por elas. Nesta perspectiva, diversas pesquisas têm demonstrado que as denúncias são um dos principais mecanismos de detecção de fraudes nas organizações. Inspirado em Taylor e Curtis (2010), o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a influência das “camadas” pessoal, organizacional, profissional na intenção individual em denunciar uma situação fraudulenta que o mesmo tenha conhecimento. Ressalta-se, porém, a inclusão de uma “camada social”, bem como a consideração de aspectos peculiares da cultura brasileira na elaboração e análise das hipóteses. Para operacionalização das camadas foram utilizadas variáveis latentes coletadas por meio de um questionário respondido por 124 contabilistas. Para mensuração da influência na intenção em denunciar foi utilizado um Modelo de Equação Estrutural (SEM) estimado pelo método dos Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS). Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a importância das camadas de influência no comportamento do eventual denunciante. Destaca-se, principalmente, a importância da camada social, a qual, além de influenciar diretamente de forma significativa a Intenção de Denunciar, também media o impacto da camada profissional. A camada organizacional não afeta de forma significante a intenção de denunciar. Nota-se, também o grande impacto causado pela camada pessoal. Tais fatos corroboram alguns dos principais traços da cultura brasileira, como a prevalência de relações informais e pessoais em detrimento de relações formais, além de identificar os traços da ambiguidade moral.

Social entrepreneurship, microcredit and development challenges: a case study analysis of Banco Pérola

The term “social entrepreneurship” has been attracting growing interest from different sectors in the past years, driven by the possibility of employing business techniques to tackle recurrent social and environmental issues. At the forefront of this global phenomenon is microcredit, seen by many as an effective anti-poverty tool and having the Grameen Bank as its flagship program. While the prospects of social entrepreneurship seem promising, the newness of the concept and its somewhat confusing definition make conditions difficult to analyze this contemporary phenomenon. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discuss the challenges faced by social entrepreneurs and alternatives of development for social businesses through a case study on a Brazilian microcredit institution and inclusive business, Banco Pérola. The case addresses a growing need for case studies designed for teaching in the field of social entrepreneurship. It was focused mainly on understanding the development challenges within Banco Pérola, and built based on interviews carried out with top management, credit officer and clients of the institution, as well as on secondary data collected. An analysis of the case study was performed under a Teaching Notes. As illustrated by the Banco Pérola case, the main difficulties encountered by social entrepreneurs relate to the systematization of processes and creation of operational routines, including for performance evaluation (impact assessment tools); to the capture and management of both financial and human capital; to scaling up the business model and to the need of forging closer and more personal relationships with customers as against in traditional banking practices. In spite of certain limitations, such as the fact that the case might soon become outdated due to the fast-changing environment surrounding Banco Pérola, or the fact that not all relevant stakeholders (e.g. partners) were selected for interviews, the research objective has been achieved and the study can be seen as a contribution to spreading the concept of social entrepreneurship.

A confiança interorganizacional nas compras

This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study

Iniciação sexual e fatores associados: um estudo com adolescentes escolares

A iniciação sexual é um marco significativo na vida do indivíduo, ocorrendo geralmente na adolescência. Importantes transformações biopsicossociais ocorrem nesta fase, denotando vulnerabilidades à vida do adolescente, dentre elas, as decorrentes da iniciação sexual, sendo o risco de infecção pelo HIV/aids a mais grave. A infecção pelo HIV/aids constitui atualmente um importante problema de Saúde Pública, estando os jovens no centro da epidemia mundial. No Brasil, dados do último boletim epidemiológico, lançado em 2013, apontam para a tendência de aumento de sua prevalência na população jovem. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a associação entre iniciação sexual e o perfil sociodemográfico, o indicador de conhecimento das formas de transmissão do HIV/aids e fatores biopsicossociais autoestima e habilidades sociais, em adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, estudantes do nível médio técnico integrado, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Natal. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída aleatoriamente por 200 alunos que responderam de forma anônima a quatro instrumentos: perfil sociodemográfico, questionário da Pesquisa de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas na População Brasileira (PCAP), Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes de Del-Prette (IHSA). A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e do exato de Fisher (α <5%). A média de idade para a primeira relação sexual foi de 15,96 anos, com o início mais cedo para o sexo masculino. Verificou-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre iniciação sexual e as seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, situação conjugal, religião, renda familiar, autoestima e o repertório de habilidades sociais. Observou-se ainda que apenas 11% dos adolescentes possuíam conhecimento correto acerca das formas de transmissão do HIV/aids. Conclui-se que os esforços para a prevenção das DST/aids precisam ser direcionados a campanhas e programas mais eficazes, que considerem não somente o caráter informativo, mas também os fatores psicossociais já que estes mostraram-se associados ao início da vida sexual