Atopozelus opsimus (hemiptera: reduviidae): presas alternativas, comportamento parental e predação sobre pragas exóticas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Systematics and phylogeny of the Neotropical Pachymenes de Saussure and Santamenes Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)

The genera Pachymenes de Saussure and Santamenes Giordani Soika arerevised and the phylogenetic relationships among their species, based on external mor-phology and male genitalia, are presented. The cladistics analysis, using 22 terminalspecies (19 ingroup and 3 outgroup species) and 44 characters, produced a single clado-gram under implied weighting. Both genera were recovered as paraphyletic, althoughttwo major clades were formed and were well supported by the re-sampling analysis.We propose the synonymy of Pachymenes with Santamenes, and the description of twonew species: P. saussurei Grandinete n.sp. and P. riograndensis Grandinete n.sp..Newcombinations are: Pachymenes novarae (de Saussure) n.comb., P. olympicus (Zavattari)n.comb., P. peregrinus (Zavattari) n.comb. and P. santanna (de Saussure) revised combi-nation. We state the synonymy of P. obscurus orellanoides under P. obscurus consuetus,reviewing the status of the latter and raising P. consuetus to species level. Pachymenesorellanae vardyi is synonymized under P. orellanae; P. ghilianii olivaceus, P. ghilianiiavissimus and P. peruanus are proposed as synonyms of P. ghilianii; P. picturatusobscuratus is synonymized under P. laeviventris; P. picturatus nigromaculatus andP. picturatus var . intermedia are synonymized under P. picturatus and P. a t ra var . ornatis-sima get its lectotype designated and proposed as synonym of P. ater.

Improving mass rearing techniques for Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, is an important pest affecting Eucalyptus plantations. The egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae was introduced in Brazil in 2012 for biological control of this pest. A mass rearing of C. noackae was established at EMBRAPA Florestas. This paper summarizes the main techniques developed to date in order to maximize the production of adult C. noackae. The use of eggs laid on towel paper strips increased the number of emerging parasitoids when compared to cutouts of Eucalyptus leaves. Host eggs 2 days old are preferred by C. noackae over 3- or 4-day-old ovipostures. Eggs can be stored at 5 ºC for 30 days after being parasitized without signifi cant effects on parasitoid emergence; such storage is a convenient strategy. The mean parasitoid emergence varies signifi cantly with the density of host eggs; an increase in the number of host eggs offered reduced the number of parasitoids that emerged. These improvements have played a signifi cant role in the production of C. noackae that has made possible mass release of C. noackae in Brazil and the establishment of natural populations of the parasitoid, as recently confi rmed.

Seropositivity and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Birds from Spain

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution that infects many species of warm-blooded animals, including birds. To date, there is scant information about the seropositivity of T. gondii and the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in wild bird populations. In the present study, T. gondii infection was evaluated on sera obtained from 1079 wild birds belonging to 56 species (including Falconiformes (n = 610), Strigiformes (n = 260), Ciconiiformes (n = 156), Gruiformes (n = 21), and other orders (n = 32), from different areas of Spain. Antibodies to T. gondii (modified agglutination test, MAT titer ≥1:25) were found in 282 (26.1%, IC95%:23.5–28.7) of the 1079 birds. This study constitute the first extensive survey in wild birds species in Spain and reports for the first time T. gondii antibodies in the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), short-toed snake-eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), Western marsh-harrier (Circus aeruginosus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), long-eared owl (Asio otus), common scops owl (Otus scops), Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), grey heron (Ardea cinerea), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus); in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) “vulnerable” Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti), lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) and great bustard (Otis tarda); and in the IUCN “near threatened” red kite (Milvus milvus). The highest seropositivity by species was observed in the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) (68.1%, 98 of 144). The main risk factors associated with T. gondii seropositivity in wild birds were age and diet, with the highest exposure in older animals and in carnivorous wild birds. The results showed that T. gondii infection is widespread and can be at a high level in many wild birds in Spain, most likely related to their feeding behaviour.

Nerve stimulator-guided sciatic-femoral nerve block in raptors undergoing surgical treatment of pododermatitis.

OBJECTIVE To describe the nerve stimulator-guided sciatic-femoral nerve block in raptors undergoing surgical treatment of pododermatitis. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS Five captive raptors (Falco peregrinus) aged 6.7 ± 1.3 years. METHODS Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The sciatic-femoral nerve block was performed with 2% lidocaine (0.05 mL kg(-1) per nerve) as the sole intra-operative analgesic treatment. Intraoperative physiological variables were recorded every 10 minutes from endotracheal intubation until the end of anaesthesia. Assessment of intraoperative nociception was based on changes in physiological variables above baseline values, while evaluation of postoperative pain relied on species-specific behavioural indicators. RESULTS The sciatic-femoral nerve block was feasible in raptors and the motor responses following electrical stimulation of both nerves were consistent with those reported in mammalian species. During surgery no rescue analgesia was required. The anaesthesia plane was stable and cardiorespiratory variables did not increase significantly in response to surgical stimulation. Iatrogenic complications, namely nerve damage and local anaesthetic toxicity, did not occur. Recovery was smooth and uneventful. The duration (mean ± SD) of the analgesic effect provided by the nerve block was 130 ± 20 minutes. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sciatic-femoral nerve block as described in dogs and rabbits can be performed in raptors as well. Further clinical trials with a control groups are required to better investigate the analgesic efficacy and the safety of this technique in raptors.

Ms. Praed. 46 - Sermones de tempore

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Ms. Praed. 144 - Sermones de sanctis

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Patrones de dispersión de una nueva enfermedad viral en el cultivo de maíz, en Argentina

El maíz es uno de los principales cereales, ubicándose tercero en el ranking de producción mundial. Las enfermedades virales en el cultivo de maíz son factores importantes de pérdidas en la producción, en el mundo. Se ha citado mundialmente la presencia de varios rhabdovirus en maíz, aunque ninguno en Argentina. Maize mosaic virus (MMV) es el más importante debido a las pérdidas que ocasiona. Durante 2006/07 se detectó en trigo Argentina, un Cytorhabdovirus denominado Cereal Rhabdovirus caracterizado serológicamente como Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV). Desde 2000/01 hasta la actualidad, se observan plantas de maíz con achaparramiento, esterilidad y estriado amarillo en hojas, en localidades de Córdoba y Santa Fe. Se observaron al microscopio electrónico partículas de rhabdovirus en el citoplasma de las células. Pruebas serológicas para MMV resultaron negativas. Esta virosis fue transmitida a plantas de maíz sanas por el delfácido Peregrinus maidis. Se amplificó un segmento del gen de la polimerasa L de rhabdovirus, mediante RT-PCR con iniciadores degenerados y se obtuvieron las relaciones filogenéticas con otros rhabdovirus, confirmando que se trata de un miembro del género Cytorhabdovirus. Se trataría de un virus nuevo, de la familia Rhabdoviridae presente en diversas localidades del área maicera argentina. El objetivo de este proyecto es estudiar la epidemiología de este virus, mediante la reconstrucción de su historia demográfica y patrones espacio-temporales, utilizando análisis de coalescencia y filogeografía. Se busca: Determinar la secuencia genómica completa del virus en estudio; Obtener iniciadores específicos para el gen de la nucleocápside; Obtener las secuencias nucleotídicas del gen de la nucleocápside viral de aislamientos de diferentes localidades del área maicera argentina; Analizar los patrones filogeográficos de dichos aislamientos. Materiales y métodos. Recolección de material enfermo. Se colectarán plantas de maíz con sintomatología de estriado amarillo, en distintas localidades de Córdoba y Santa Fe. Secuenciación del genoma completo viral. Se purificará el virus en estudio a partir de tejido enfermo (Creamer, 1992). Se extraerá ARN total y se lo enviará al servicio de pirosecuenciación (INDEAR, Argentina). Las secuencias obtenidas serán analizadas utilizando software específico (Lasergene 10, DNASTAR, entre otros). Diseño de iniciadores específicos para el gen de la proteína N viral. Serán diseñados a partir de la secuencia del genoma completo del virus. Determinación de patrones filogeográficos. Se extraerá ARN total de plantas sintomáticas de distintas localidades argentinas. Se amplificará el gen N de cada uno de los aislamientos, se clonarán y secuenciarán estos fragmentos y se alinearán las secuencias obtenidas. Se reconstruirá la filogenia mediante metodología Bayesiana y se realizará un análisis de coalescencia. Finalmente se analizará el patrón filogeográfico del rhabdovirus en estudio. Con el presente trabajo se espera avanzar en el conocimiento de este nuevo virus que afecta cultivos de maíz en Argentina. Se pretende obtener la secuencia genómica completa viral, lo que significará un avance en la caracterización e identificación del mismo. Se busca conocer sus patrones de dispersión espacio-temporales, para comprender los orígenes y posible evolución hacia otras regiones del país. El análisis de secuencias genómicas, brinda una herramienta rápida y de menor esfuerzo de muestreo en el estudio epidemiológico de las poblaciones. El conocimiento de la distribución actual e histórica de este nuevo virus sería crucial para futuros planes de manejo de la enfermedad. El tema de investigación se lleva a cabo en el marco de una tesis doctoral con el apoyo de una beca de formación de CONICET. La transferencia es constante a traves del contacto con productores y asesores agrícolas y mediante la realización de jornadas, charlas, cursos y publicaciones periódicas en medios de difusión.

(Table A1) Annual biomass of plants and animals recorded on Bylot Island between 1993-2009

Determining the manner in which food webs will respond to environmental changes is difficult because the relative importance of top-down vs. bottom-up forces in controlling ecosystems is still debated. This is especially true in the Arctic tundra where, despite relatively simple food webs, it is still unclear which forces dominate in this ecosystem. Our primary goal was to assess the extent to which a tundra food web was dominated by plant-herbivore or predator--rey interactions. Based on a 17-year (1993-2009) study of terrestrial wildlife on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, we developed trophic mass balance models to address this question. Snow Geese were the dominant herbivores in this ecosystem, followed by two sympatric lemming species (brown and collared lemmings). Arctic foxes, weasels, and several species of birds of prey were the dominant predators. Results of our trophic models encompassing 19 functional groups showed that <10% of the annual primary production was consumed by herbivores in most years despite the presence of a large Snow Goose colony, but that 20-100% of the annual herbivore production was consumed by predators. The impact of herbivores on vegetation has also weakened over time, probably due to an increase in primary production. The impact of predators was highest on lemmings, intermediate on passerines, and lowest on geese and shorebirds, but it varied with lemming abundance. Predation of collared lemmings exceeded production in most years and may explain why this species remained at low density. In contrast, the predation rate on brown lemmings varied with prey density and may have contributed to the high-amplitude, periodic fluctuations in the abundance of this species. Our analysis provided little evidence that herbivores are limited by primary production on Bylot Island. In contrast, we measured strong predator-prey interactions, which supports the hypothesis that this food web is primarily controlled by top-down forces. The presence of allochthonous resources subsidizing top predators and the absence of large herbivores may partly explain the predominant role of predation in this low-productivity ecosystem.

Sämmtliche Werke.

1.-3. Bd. Geschichte des Agathon. -- 4.-5. Bd. Der neue Amadis. Der verklagte Amor. -- 6.-7. Bd. Der goldne Spiegel. -- 8 Bd. Geschichte des Danischmend. -- 9. Bd. Musarion. Aspasia. Gedichte an Olympia. Die erste Liebe. Der Mönch und die Nonne. Das Leben ein Traum. Bruchstücke von Psyche. -- 10. Bd. Die Grazien. Komische Erzählungen. Kombabus. Schach Lolo. -- 11.-12. Bd. Die Abenteuer des Don Sylvio von Rosalva. -- 13. Bd. Nachlass des Diogenes von Sinope. Gedanken über eine alte Aufschrift. -- 14. Bd. Beyträge zur geheimen Geschichte. Der Menschheit. -- 15. Bd. Vermischte prosaische Aufsätze. -- 16. Bd. Cyrus. Araspes und Panthea. -- 17. Bd. Idris und Zenide. -- 18. Bd. Erzählungen und Mährchen. -- 19.-20. Bd. Geschichte der Abderiten. -- 21. Bd. Gandalin oder Liebe um Liebe. Klelia und Sinibald. -- 22.-23. Bd. Oberon. -- 24. Bd. Vermischte Aufsätze. -- 25. Bd. Göttergespräche. Gespräche im Elysium. -- 26. Bd. Singspiele und Abhandlungen. -- 27.-28. Bd. Peregrinus Proteus. Einige kleine Aufsätzen. -- 29.-30. Bd. Vermischte Aufsätze. -- 31. Bd. Gespräche unter vier Augen. -- 32. Bd. Agatho-Dämon. -- 33.-36. Bd. Aristipp.

C. M. Wielands sämmtliche Werke.

Suppl. Bd. 1-2. Die natur der Dinge. Moralische Briefe. Der Anti-Ovid. Erzählungen. Briefe von Verstorbenen an hinterlassene Freunde -- Suppl. Bd. 3-4. Die Prüfunf Abrahams. Sympathien. Psälmen. Der Frühling. Hymne auf Gott. Erinnerungen an eine Freundin. Das Gesicht des Mirza. Timoklea. Platonische Betrachtungen über den Menschen. Gesicht fon einer Welt unschuldiger Menschen. Theages über Schönheit und Liebe. Lady Johanna Gray -- Suppl. Bd. 5-6. Klementine von Porretta. Pandora. Die Bunkliade. Auszüge aus Jac. Forsters Reise um die Welt. Athenion, gennant Aristion. Litterarische Miscellaneen. Briefe an einen jungen Dichter. Über die Frage was ist Hochdeutsch? Mark-Aurel an die Römer. Die Titanomachie.