Sistema de injeção em fluxo espectrofotométrico para monitorar peróxido de hidrogênio em processo de fotodegradação por reação foto-Fenton

A flow injection spectrophotometric system was projected for monitoring hydrogen peroxide during photodegradation of organic contaminants in photo-Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2/UV). Sample is injected manually in a carrier stream and then receives by confluence a 0.1 mol L-1 NH4VO3 solution in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 medium. The product formed shows absorption at 446 nm which is recorded as a peak with height proportional to H2O2 concentration. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by monitoring the consumption of H2O2 during the photodegradation of dichloroacetic acid solution by foto-Fenton reaction.

Considerações sobre a eletrogeração de peróxido de hidrogênio

This paper presents some results that may be used as previous considerations to a hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration process design. A kinetic study of oxygen dissolution in aqueous solution is carried out and rate constants for oxygen dissolution are calculated. Voltammetric experiments on vitreous carbon cathode shown that the low saturation concentration drives the oxygen reduction process to a mass transfer controlled process which exhibits low values of limiting currents. Results have shown that the hydrogen peroxide formation and its decomposition to water are separated by 400 mV on the vitreous carbon surface. Diffusion coefficients for oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are calculated using data taken from Levich and Tafel plots. In a series of bulk electrolysis experiments hydrogen peroxide was electrogenerated at several potential values, and concentration profiles as a function of the electrical charged passed were obtained. Data shown that, since limiting current plateaus are poorly defined onto reticulated vitreous carbon, cathodic efficiency may be a good criterion for choosing the potential value in which hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration should be carried out.

Peróxido de hidrogênio: importância e determinação

A brief discussion about the hydrogen peroxide importance and its determination is presented. It was emphasized some consideration of the H2O2 as reagent (separated or combined), uses and methods of analysis (techniques, detection limits, linear response intervals, sensor specifications). Moreover, it was presented several applications, such as in environmental, pharmaceutical, medicine and food samples.

Degradação de corantes reativos pelo sistema ferro metálico/peróxido de hidrogênio

In this work the degradation of aqueous solutions of reactive azo-dyes is reported using a combined reductive/advanced oxidative process based in the H2O2/zero-valent iron system. At optimized experimental conditions (pH 7, H2O2 100 mg L-1, iron 7 g L-1) and using a continuous system containing commercial iron wool, the process afforded almost total discolorization of aqueous solutions of three reactive azo-dyes (reactive orange 16, reactive black 5 and brilliant yellow 3G-P) at a hydraulic retention time of 2.5 min. At these conditions the hydrogen peroxide is almost totally consumed while the released total soluble iron reaches a concentration compatible with the current Brazilian legislation (15 mg L-1).

Decoloración de alginato de sodio extraído de las algas pardas marinas del género Sargassum con el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching of sodium alginate from seaweeds oh the Sargassum genus was studied. The influence of H2O2 concentration (percentage of H2O2 on a dry weight alginate basis, w/w) and NaOH/H2O2 ratio (% NaOH/% H2O2, both referred to a dry weight alginate basis, w/w) on the molecular weight, color removal and content of Fe3+ ions of bleached alginate samples was investigated by UV and IR spectroscopies, colorimetric determination of Fe3+ ions and vapor pressure osmometry. Higher yield, purity and molecular weight of alginate were obtained using 3% (or less) of hydrogen peroxide and a NaOH/H2O2 ratio of 1.2 for bleaching.

Tratamento de águas de refrigeração com peróxido de hidrogênio

Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are compared as possible disinfectants for water-cooling circuits. To this purpose, samples taken from the cooling system of a steel making plant were treated (at 25ºC and pH values of 5.5 and 8.5) with varying amounts of the two oxidizing agents (0.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L and 6.0 mg/L). The results were evaluated through bacterial counting and measurement of corrosion rates upon AISI1020 carbon steel coupons. Bacterial removal and corrosion effects proved to be similar and satisfactory for both reagents.

Estudio cinético de la descomposición catalizada de peróxido de hidrógeno sobre carbón activado

The kinetic study of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by activated carbon was carried out. The effect of concentrations of reactants and temperature were experimentally studied. Kinetic data were evaluated using differential method of initial rates of reaction. When a typical kinetic law for reactions in homogeneous phase is used, first order of reaction is obtained for hydrogen peroxide and activated carbon, and activation energy of 27 kJ mol-1 for the reaction was estimated. Experimentally was observed that surface of activated carbon is chemically modified during decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, based on this result a scheme of reaction was proposed and evaluated. Experimental data fits very well to a Langmuir- Hinshelwood kinetic model and activation energy of 40 kJ mol-1 was estimated for reaction in heterogeneous phase.

Branqueamento de polpa celulósica kraft de eucalipto com peróxido ácido ativado por molibdênio

Optimum conditions to run the P Mo stage for bleaching eucalyptus kraft pulp were 90 ºC, pH 3.5, 2 h, 0.1 kg/t Mo and 5 kg/t H2O2. The P Mo stage efficiency increased with decreasing pH (1.5-5.5) and increasing temperature (75-90 ºC), time (2-4 h), and hydrogen peroxide (3-10 kg/t) and molybdenum concentration (0.1-0.4 kg/t). The implementation of the P Mo stage, as replacement for the A stage, decreased total active chlorine demand of the OAZDP sequence by 6 kg/t to reach 90% ISO, both in laboratory and mill scale. Such practice resulted in decreased bleaching chemical costs to produce fully bleached pulp of 90% ISO.

Determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio em antisséptico bucal usando um microdispositivo contendo partículas de Azul da Prússia

A simple flow-injection amperometric procedure using a three-electrode-integrated sensor for the determination of H2O2 in antiseptic mouthwash is reported. This method involves the use of a working composite electrode modified with Prussian Blue (PB) particles that was easily adapted as detector in FIA. The best amperometric response was observed for a composite containing 30% of graphite modified with PB particles (GAP) and 70% of pure graphite (GR). The proposed method presents a linear response in the range of 10 to 200 μmol L-1. The detection and quantification limits were 0.8 and 2.6 μmol L-1, respectively.

Actividad catalítica de metales de transición en la descomposición de peróxido de hidrógeno

This paper compares the catalytic activities of some transition metal ions (Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) in the H2O2 decomposition in homogenous and heterogeneous processes, including solid mixed systems (Fe-Cu-Co/Al2O3, Fe-Cu/Al2O3, Fe-Co/Al2O3 and Co-Cu/Al2O3). The solids were characterised by X-ray diffraction to explore evolution of phases or possible changes. Different trends of the catalytic activity were observed: in homogeneous medium the most active species was Fe3+, whereas in heterogeneous one the higher activities were shown for Co/Al2O3 and Co-Cu/Al2O3. A strong cooperative effect for the Co-Cu/Al2O3 system was observed, which can be considered as a new catalyst of interest for this type of reactions.

Aumento del contenido de ácidos húmicos en un carbón de bajo rango a través de la oxidación con aire y con peróxido de hidrogeno o ácido nítrico

Low-rank coals are an important source of humic acids, which are important in retention processes of water and nutrients in plants. In this study coal samples of Montelibano, Colombia, were oxidized with air at different temperatures and subsequently with H2O2 and HNO3. The materials were characterized by FTIR, proximate and elemental analysis, and quantification of humic acids. The oxidation process led to an increased content of oxygenated groups and humic acids in the carbonaceous structure. The solid oxidized with air at 200 ºC for 12 h and re-oxidized with HNO3 for 12 h showed the highest percentage of humic acids (85.3%).

Adsorção do corante Reativo Azul 19 em solução aquosa por lama vermelha tratada quimicamente com peróxido de hidrogênio

Adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 dye onto activated red mud was investigated. Red mud was treated with hydrogen peroxide (LVQ) and heated at both 400 ºC (LVQ400) and 500 ºC (LVQ500). These samples were characterized by pH, specific surface area, point of zero charge and mineralogical composition. Adsorption was found to be significantly dependent on solution pH, with acidic conditions proving to be the most favorable. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm was the most appropriate to describe the phenomenon of dye removal using LVQ, LVQ400 and LVQ500, with maximum adsorption capacity of 384.62, 357.14 and 454.54 mg g-1, respectively.

Localização de peróxido de hidrogênio durante a resposta de defesa de tomateiro contra Stemphylium solani

Peróxido de hidrogênio foi localizado citoquimicamente em virtude de sua reação com cloreto de cério, evidenciando H2O2 produzido em tomateiros (Lycopersicon esculentum) resistente e suscetível a Stemphylium solani. Precipitados de peridróxido de cério foram constatados nas células do mesofilo, na parede em contato com as hifas do patógeno. Portanto, não tendo sido observada reação diferencial entre as cultivares quanto ao acúmulo de H2O2, e, sendo sua presença detectada num dos controles negativos, sugere-se que este composto possivelmente não participe diretamente da resistência manifestada pela c.v. 'Motelle' contra S. solani, no tocante ao fortalecimento da parede celular.

Estudo do comportamento eletroquímico da enzima peroxidase na presença de peróxido de hidrogênio e ácido 5-aminossalicílico

O comportamento eletroquímico da enzima peroxidase (HRP) foi estudado utilizando o peróxido de hidrogênio como substrato enzimático e o ácido 5-aminossalicílico (5-ASA) como mediador de elétrons sobre eletrodo de grafite. Diversos parâmetros foram otimizados, tais como, o potencial aplicado à técnica amperométrica fixado em -0,125V, a solução tampão fosfato-citrato 0,1 mol L-1 pH 5,0 como eletrólito suporte e a proporção entre o 5-ASA e H2O2 em 1:7, entre outros. Foi observada a catálise da reação de oxidação do peróxido de hidrogênio na presença da enzima HRP e do mediador 5-ASA. O produto dessa oxidação foi reduzido na superfície do eletrodo, evidenciando um significativo aumento na intensidade da corrente catódica.