Using problem-based learning for introducing producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics

This paper shows how instructors can use the problem‐based learning method to introduce producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics courses. The paper proposes a framework where different decision problems are presented to students, who are asked to imagine that they are the managers of a firm who need to solve a problem in a particular business setting. In this setting, the instructors’ role is to provide both guidance to facilitate student learning and content knowledge on a just‐in‐time basis

A representação de música brasileira nos livros didáticos de música

O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar de que forma a música brasileira é representada nos livros didáticos de música direcionados para a escola do Ensino Básico e produzidos no Brasil nas décadas de 60 e 70. A escolha desse período é justificada por ser nessas décadas que a música brasileira é apresentada como conteúdo nos livros didáticos de forma mais acentuada do que em outros períodos. Tendo como referencial teórico-metodológico o conceito de representação de R. Chartier, o estudo procurou abarcar as concepções explícitas e implícitas, relativo a idéias, valores e intenções que perpassam nos textos e imagens, permitindo compreender o porquê de certas escolhas referentes a determinados conteúdos, em detrimento de outros, da forma como são abordados nos livros didáticos, bem como identificar os cânones eleitos para representar estilos, gêneros musicais, compositores, obras e épocas da música brasileira.

Saberes pedagógicos/comunicacionais, pesquisa/formação: reflexões sobre as experiências formativas das professoras online

The thesis, entitled, Pedagogical/comunication knowledge, research/formation: Reflections on the formative experiences of teachers online , developed dialogues on the pedagogical/communication knowledge, research-formation and the formative experiences of teachers online, for the purpose of understanding how pedagogical/communication knowledge is establishing/established from the formative experience of teachers online. For this reason we began with the following question: how does pedagogical/communication knowledge become estabilishing/established beginning with the formative experience of teachers online? The methodological approach for the selected research was research/formation, based on Ethnoresearch of critical formation. This became a rich route for reflections on pedagogical/communication knowledge and formative experiences, making a contribution for formation and autoformation of the teacher/researcher and the teachers online. This provided moments of formation, of reflection-in-action and on the action, potentialized/structured the process of comprehending, analyzing, interpreting, reflecting on the formative experiences and contributing for reflections on pedagogical/communication knowledge of the teacher online. The theoretical referential dialogue was based on concepts such as: education online, interactivity Silva (2002), Santos (2005), Moran (2003), teaching, Veiga (2005), Pimenta (2002), Freire (2005), Tardif (2002), teaching online Sacramento (2006), teaching knowledge Tardif (2002), Charlot (2000), Porlán (1997), García (1992), Freire (2005), Ethnoresearch-formation Macedo (2000), formation Macedo (2010), Josso (2010). The discoveries revealed that the pedagogical/communication knowledged becomes establishing/established beginning with formative experience of the teachers online, from the emergency of a collective communicative dialogue, structuring and potentialized by the experiences of the context online, from the didactic pedagogical/communicational organization online, of the research, of the relation created by the expertise and the presents itself along the itinerary of the family , the school, academic and professional. From this we can conclude that of knowledge and plural experiences, which became broken down because they are parts that relate themselves with other parts, which become united in one whole, the singular/plural, the local/global, the text and the context, agregating principles a pedagogical- communication perspective that orients :the dialogue, the interactivity, the hypertextuality, themultivocallity, formative dispositions, formative experiences all of wich makes for the possibilities for researdh and the training of professors and teachers who accept their point of departure and enddind points as pedagogy and experience

História da formação de professores

Tomando por base trabalhos historiográficos produzidos sobre a Escola Normal em diversos estados brasileiros, o presente trabalho procura recuperar a história percorrida por essa instituição, da perspectiva da ação do Estado, ou seja, da política educacional por ele desenvolvida. Nascidas no século XIX ao nível de modestas escolas primárias e centradas sobretudo no conteúdo a ser ensinado, as escolas normais foram aos poucos incorporando um conteúdo didático-pedagógico. O ideário escolanovista as marcaria definitivamente, deslocando a ênfase de seu currículo para as denominadas ciências da educação. O artigo aborda questões relativas a: consolidação e expansão das escolas normais como instituições formadoras do magistério para a escola primária, evolução de sua organização geral e curricular, definida, a partir dos anos 30, em nível médio, até as mudanças introduzidas pela Lei 9.394/96, que elevou a formação do professor das séries iniciais ao nível superior.

Caracterização dos enunciados de um aluno não-falante com paralisia cerebral durante o reconto de histórias com e sem tabuleiro de comunicação suplementar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Apropriação do conhecimento pedagógico-tecnológico em matemática e a formação continuada de professores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

No compartilhar das palavras: experiências de um professor de Geografia

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ORANGE PULP AND PEEL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Laboratório didático de química e a educação a distância: investigação preliminar de uma atividade prática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

User experience with immersive and interactive media = Experiencia de usuario en entornos 3D inmersivos e interactivos

Estudios recientes promueven la integración de estímulos multisensoriales en activos multimedia con el fin de mejorar la experiencia de usuario mediante la estimulación de nuevos sentidos, más allá de la tradicional experiencia audiovisual. Del mismo modo, varios trabajos proponen la introducción de componentes de interacción capaces de complementar con nuevas características, funcionalidades y/o información la experiencia multimedia. Efectos sensoriales basados en el uso de nuevas técnicas de audio, olores, viento, vibraciones y control de la iluminación, han demostrado tener un impacto favorable en la sensación de Presencia, en el disfrute de la experiencia multimedia y en la calidad, relevancia y realismo de la misma percibidos por el usuario. Asimismo, los servicios basados en dos pantallas y la manipulación directa de (elementos en) la escena de video tienen el potencial de mejorar la comprensión, la concentración y la implicación proactiva del usuario en la experiencia multimedia. El deporte se encuentra entre los géneros con mayor potencial para integrar y explotar éstas soluciones tecnológicas. Trabajos previos han demostrado asimismo la viabilidad técnica de integrar éstas tecnologías con los estándares actualmente adoptados a lo largo de toda la cadena de transmisión de televisión. De este modo, los sistemas multimedia enriquecidos con efectos sensoriales, los servicios interactivos multiplataforma y un mayor control del usuario sobre la escena de vídeo emergen como nuevas formas de llevar la multimedia immersiva e interactiva al mercado de consumo de forma no disruptiva. Sin embargo, existen numerosas interrogantes relativas a los efectos sensoriales y/o soluciones interactivas más adecuadas para complementar un contenido audiovisual determinado o a la mejor manera de de integrar y combinar dichos componentes para mejorar la experiencia de usuario de un segmento de audiencia objetivo. Además, la evidencia científica sobre el impacto de factores humanos en la experiencia de usuario con estas nuevas formas de immersión e interacción en el contexto multimedia es aún insuficiente y en ocasiones, contradictoria. Así, el papel de éstos factores en el potencial de adopción de éstas tecnologías ha sido amplia-mente ignorado. La presente tesis analiza el impacto del audio binaural, efectos sensoriales (de iluminación y olfativos), interacción con objetos 3D integrados en la escena de vídeo e interacción con contenido adicional utilizando una segunda pantalla en la experiencia de usuario con contenidos de deporte. La posible influencia de dichos componentes en las variables dependientes se explora tanto a nivel global (efecto promedio) como en función de las características de los usuarios (efectos heterogéneos). Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un experimento con usuarios orientado a explorar la influencia de éstos componentes immersivos e interactivos en dos grandes dimensiones de la experiencia multimedia: calidad y Presencia. La calidad de la experiencia multimedia se analiza en términos de las posibles variaciones asociadas a la calidad global y a la calidad del contenido, la imagen, el audio, los efectos sensoriales, la interacción con objetos 3D y la interacción con la segunda pantalla. El posible impacto en la Presencia considera dos de las dimensiones definidas por el cuestionario ITC-SOPI: Presencia Espacial (Spatial Presence) e Implicación (Engagement). Por último, los individuos son caracterizados teniendo en cuenta los siguientes atributos afectivos, cognitivos y conductuales: preferencias y hábitos en relación con el contenido, grado de conocimiento de las tecnologías integradas en el sistema, tendencia a involucrarse emocionalmente, tendencia a concentrarse en una actividad bloqueando estímulos externos y los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad: extroversión, amabilidad, responsabilidad, inestabilidad emocional y apertura a nuevas experiencias. A nivel global, nuestro estudio revela que los participantes prefieren el audio binaural frente al sistema estéreo y que los efectos sensoriales generan un aumento significativo del nivel de Presencia Espacial percibido por los usuarios. Además, las manipulaciones experimentales realizadas permitieron identificar una gran variedad de efectos heterogéneos. Un resultado interesante es que dichos efectos no se encuentran distribuidos de forma equitativa entre las medidas de calidad y Presencia. Nuestros datos revelan un impacto generalizado del audio binaural en la mayoría de las medidas de calidad y Presencia analizadas. En cambio, la influencia de los efectos sensoriales y de la interacción con la segunda pantalla se concentran en las medidas de Presencia y calidad, respectivamente. La magnitud de los efectos heterogéneos identificados está modulada por las siguientes características personales: preferencias en relación con el contenido, frecuencia con la que el usuario suele ver contenido similar, conocimiento de las tecnologías integradas en el demostrador, sexo, tendencia a involucrarse emocionalmente, tendencia a a concentrarse en una actividad bloqueando estímulos externos y niveles de amabilidad, responsabilidad y apertura a nuevas experiencias. Las características personales consideradas en nuestro experimento explicaron la mayor parte de la variación en las variables dependientes, confirmando así el importante (y frecuentemente ignorado) papel de las diferencias individuales en la experiencia multimedia. Entre las características de los usuarios con un impacto más generalizado se encuentran las preferencias en relación con el contenido, el grado de conocimiento de las tecnologías integradas en el sistema y la tendencia a involucrarse emocionalmente. En particular, los primeros dos factores parecen generar un conflicto de atención hacia el contenido versus las características/elementos técnicos del sistema, respectivamente. Asimismo, la experiencia multimedia de los fans del fútbol parece estar modulada por procesos emociona-les, mientras que para los no-fans predominan los procesos cognitivos, en particular aquellos directamente relacionados con la percepción de calidad. Abstract Recent studies encourage the integration of multi-sensorial stimuli into multimedia assets to enhance the user experience by stimulating other senses beyond sight and hearing. Similarly, the introduction of multi-modal interaction components complementing with new features, functionalities and/or information the multimedia experience is promoted. Sensory effects as odor, wind, vibration and light effects, as well as an enhanced audio quality, have been found to favour media enjoyment and to have a positive influence on the sense of Presence and on the perceived quality, relevance and reality of a multimedia experience. Two-screen services and a direct manipulation of (elements in) the video scene have the potential to enhance user comprehension, engagement and proactive involvement of/in the media experience. Sports is among the genres that could benefit the most from these solutions. Previous works have demonstrated the technical feasibility of implementing and deploying end-to-end solutions integrating these technologies into legacy systems. Thus, sensorially-enhanced media, two-screen services and an increased user control over the displayed scene emerge as means to deliver a new form of immersive and interactive media experiences to the mass market in a non-disruptive manner. However, many questions remain concerning issues as the specific interactive solutions or sensory effects that can better complement a given audiovisual content or the best way in which to integrate and combine them to enhance the user experience of a target audience segment. Furthermore, scientific evidence on the impact of human factors on the user experience with these new forms of immersive and interactive media is still insufficient and sometimes, contradictory. Thus, the role of these factors on the potential adoption of these technologies has been widely ignored. This thesis analyzes the impact of binaural audio, sensory (light and olfactory) effects, interaction with 3D objects integrated into the video scene and interaction with additional content using a second screen on the sports media experience. The potential influence of these components on the dependent variables is explored both at the overall level (average effect) and as a function of users’ characteristics (heterogeneous effects). To these aims, we conducted an experimental study exploring the influence of these immersive and interactive elements on the quality and Presence dimensions of the media experience. Along the quality dimension, we look for possible variations on the quality scores as-signed to the overall media experience and to the media components content, image, audio, sensory effects, interaction with 3D objects and interaction using the tablet device. The potential impact on Presence is analyzed by looking at two of the four dimensions defined by the ITC-SOPI questionnaire, namely Spatial Presence and Engagement. The users’ characteristics considered encompass the following personal affective, cognitive and behavioral attributes: preferences and habits in relation to the content, knowledge of the involved technologies, tendency to get emotionally involved and tendency to get absorbed in an activity and block out external distractors and the big five personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. At the overall level, we found that participants preferred binaural audio than standard stereo audio and that sensory effects increase significantly the level of Spatial Presence. Several heterogeneous effects were also revealed as a result of our experimental manipulations. Interestingly, these effects were not equally distributed across the quality and Presence measures analyzed. Whereas binaural audio was foud to have an influence on the majority of the quality and Presence measures considered, the effects of sensory effects and of interaction with additional content through the tablet device concentrate mainly on the dimensions of Presence and on quality measures, respectively. The magnitude of these effects was modulated by individual’s characteristics, such as: preferences in relation to the content, frequency of viewing similar content, knowledge of involved technologies, gender, tendency to get emotionally involved, tendency to absorption and levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience. The personal characteristics collected in our experiment explained most of the variation in the dependent variables, confirming the frequently neglected role of individual differences on the media experience. Preferences in relation to the content, knowledge of involved technologies and tendency to get emotionally involved were among the user variables with the most generalized influence. In particular, the former two features seem to present a conflict in the allocation of attentional resources towards the media content versus the technical features of the system, respectively. Additionally, football fans’ experience seems to be modulated by emotional processes whereas for not fans, cognitive processes (and in particular those related to quality judgment) prevail.

Conocimiento de matemáticas especializado de los estudiantes para maestro de primaria en relación al razonamiento proporcional

Un dominio particular del conocimiento matemático para la enseñanza es el conocimiento de matemáticas especializado. Este estudio se centra en examinar el conocimiento de matemáticas especializado en el ámbito del razonamiento proporcional de un grupo de estudiantes para maestro de Educación Primaria. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes para maestro tienen un conocimiento especializado sobre el razonamiento proporcional limitado puesto de manifiesto por la dificultad en identificar situaciones no proporcionales, en desarrollar formas de razonar en relación a la construcción de la unidad y en manejar el significado multiplicativo de la idea de operador.

Conocimiento de los estudiantes para maestro cuando interpretan respuestas de estudiantes de primaria a problemas de división-medida

El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar en el conocimiento especializado de contenido matemático de estudiantes para maestro (EPM) sobre problemas de división-medida. Los EPM respondieron a dos cuestionarios en los que resolvieron dos problemas de división-medida e interpretaron respuestas dadas por alumnos de primaria. Un alto porcentaje de EPM resolvieron con éxito los dos problemas, pero pocos fueron capaces de interpretar de forma adecuada las respuestas de los alumnos de primaria cuando empleaban un procedimiento correcto alternativo a la división. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen a los formadores referencias iniciales acerca de los conocimientos de los EPM sobre problemas de división-medida y sobre el uso que hacen de estos conocimientos en una de sus tareas profesionales: interpretar las respuestas de los alumnos.