Papel de la cooperación internacional en el posconflicto de Costa de Marfil en el área de desarme, desmovilización y reinserción a partir del 2003 hasta el 2010

El conflicto marfileño fue el resultado de diferentes circunstancias como la crisis económica; la inestabilidad política; el fraccionamiento del ejército nacional; y la introducción del concepto de ivoirité. Todas estas circunstancias debían y fueron tomadas en cuenta desde el inicio del proceso de paz a través de los diferentes tratados, que identificaron así mismo la importancia del proceso de DDR como pilar fundamental para la construcción de paz, y para el cual solicitaron la participación de la CI. Al revisar el periodo de 2003-2010 en general y especial en el área de DDR, es posible identificar 2 momentos de la CI en el proceso de consolidación de paz marfileño. Un primer momento, de 2003-2007, en el cual el papel de la CI es el de liderar el proceso, frente a unos actores estatales carentes de iniciativa e incentivos para apropiarse de su propio proceso y hacerlo funcionar. El segundo momento, a partir de la firma del APO, en el cual como consecuencia de la apropiación del proceso de paz por parte de sus protagonistas, la CI asume un rol subsidiario aunque vital. En resumen, el rol de la CI en el proceso de DDR marfileño fue fundamental pues al prestar su oportuna asistencia en las diferentes etapas de implementación de esta área permitió ayudar al largo proceso de consolidación de paz.

La política exterior de la Unión Europea y los Laboratorios de Paz en Colombia entre el 2000 y 2010

La presente monografía tiene por objetivo analizar a través de la corriente constructivista de Alexander Wendt, cómo a partir de la política exterior de la Unión Europea, se crea una identidad europea que tiene efectos sobre Colombia a través de los Laboratorios de Paz. La creación de dicha identidad estuvo condicionada por la apropiación de ciertos mecanismos dentro de su política exterior, como la ayuda para el desarrollo y la diplomacia preventiva. Es de esta manera como la identidad europea afecta a Colombia a través de la creación de los Laboratorios de Paz por medio de mecanismos como actividades económicas alternativas y fuente de ingresos y empleo, sustitución de cultivos ilícitos, transferencia de conocimientos tecnológicos y administrativos, apoyo a procesos de paz al interior de la población, fortalecimiento institucional y participación ciudadana.

Perspectivas teórico-políticas para la construcción de una agenda bilateral de seguridad colombo-canadiense: comprendiendo la preocupación de Canadá en la seguridad y la paz en Colombia

Este artículo intenta explorar las razones estratégicas y éticas de la preocupación de Canadá en el proceso de construcción de paz y el mejoramiento de la seguridad en los países del Tercer Mundo, especialmente en Colombia. La investigación sugiere que no solo la relación estratégica con los Estados Unidos sino también la necesidad de consolidar su liderazgo internacional, junto con sus preocupaciones liberales, sustentan la naturaleza de la agenda de seguridad de Canadá en estos países. Al explicar estas razones, el artículo esboza una estructura de análisis para construir una agenda bilateral de seguridad entre Canadá y Colombia.La investigación se enmarca en una perspectiva analítica y teórico-política particular. Aquella reconoce la importancia significativa de las “ideas” en los procesos de toma de decisión, así como la necesidad de paliar el enorme desconocimiento sobre las relaciones entre Colombia y Canadá a través de un sustento teórico. La influencia de las ideas en la construcción de la agenda de seguridad es explorada por medio de tres mapas de ruta, que pueden ayudar a coordinar los propósitos de ambos países en relación con la construcción de paz y de seguridad en Colombia. En primer lugar, los mapas de ruta más emblemáticos para explicar y prescribir la actuación internacional de los países del Primer Mundo, el realismo y el liberalismo, son evocados para entender las preocupaciones centrales de la seguridad nacional canadiense y su posición ética en el ámbito internacional. En segundo lugar, el mapa de ruta, que ha sido articulado por la literatura sobre la seguridad del Tercer Mundo, es planteado como una guía para organizar las principales preocupaciones en materia de seguridad en Colombia. Al reconocer que las amenazas que deben ser enfrentadas por el Estado colombiano, sus instituciones y su sociedad son típicas de un país en construcción, es posible entender la pertinencia de ciertas estrategias canadienses, sustentadas en concepciones amplias de seguridad, tales como la seguridad humana, que ha sido concebida justamente para tratar la naturaleza compleja de la seguridad del Tercer Mundo.-----This article attempts to explore the strategic and ethic reasons of Canada’s concern about the peace-building process and the security improvement in the Third World countries and, especially, in Colombia. Our research suggests that not only the strategic relation with the United States but also the necessity of strengthening its international leadership, along with its liberal concerns, support the nature of the Canada’s security agenda in these countries. By explaining these reasons, this document draws a potential framework for building a bilateral security agenda between Canada and Colombia.Our research is framed on a singular analytical, political and theoretical perspective. It recognizes the significant importance of the “ideas” for the decision-making process, as well as the necessity of reducing the huge ignorance on security relations between Colombia and Canada through a theoretical framework. The influence of the ideas in the building of the security agenda is explored taking into account three road maps, which could help to coordinate both countries’ purposes related to peace-building process and security improvement in Colombia. In the first place, the most emblematic road maps to explain and to prescribe the First World countries’ international behavior, realism and liberalism, are evocated to understand the main concerns of Canadian national security and its ethics stand in the international realm. In the second place, the road map, which has been articulated by the literature on Third World security, is shown as a guide for organizing the main security concerns in Colombia. By recognizing that the threats that must be faced by Colombian state, institutions and society are typical of a Third World country, it is possible to understand the appropriateness of certain Canadian strategies, which are supported on a broader security approach, such as human security, and that has fairly been considered for facing the complex nature of the Third World security.

Los grupos paramilitares en Colombia: el incierto tránsito de la guerra a la paz

Esta investigación aborda las condiciones bajo las que se llevó a cabo en Colombia, en el primer gobierno del presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2006), la negociación entre el Estado y los grupos paramilitares. Se establecen las características de ese proceso de paz, su correspondencia con modelos tradicionales de negociación y sus alcances sobre el proceso de Desmovilización, Desarme y Reinserción (DDR) de las organizaciones paramilitares.

Incorporating languages into histories of war: a research journey

This article discusses the ways in which languages can be integrated into histories of war and conflict, by exploring ongoing research in two case studies: the liberation and occupation of Western Europe (1944–47), and peacekeeping/peace building in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1995–2000). The article suggests that three methodological approaches have been of particular value in this research: adopting an historical framework; following the “translation” of languages into war situations; and contextualizing the figure of the interpreter/translator. The process of incorporating languages into histories of conflict, the article argues, has helped to uncover a broader languages landscape within the theatres of war.

Post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding

Civil wars are the most common type of large scale violent conflict. They are long, brutal and continue to harm societies long after the shooting stops. Post-conflict countries face extraordinary challenges with respect to development and security. In this paper we examine how countries can recover economically from these devastating conflicts and how international interventions can help to build lasting peace. We revisit the aid and growth debate and confirm that aid does not increase growth in general. However, we find that countries experience increased growth after the end of the war and that aid helps to make the most of this peace dividend. However, aid is only growth enhancing when the violence has stopped, in violent post-war societies aid has no growth enhancing effect. We also find that good governance is robustly correlated with growth, however we cannot confirm that aid increases growth conditional on good policies. We examine various aspects of aid and governance by disaggregating the aid and governance variables. Our analysis does not provide a clear picture of which types of aid and policy should be prioritized. We find little evidence for a growth enhancing effect of UN missions and suggest that case studies may provide better insight into the relationship between security guarantees and economic stabilization.

Processes of feelings in a society with a violent past : A qualitative study of the communication for Societal healing in the Truth Commissions in East Timor, Sri Lanka and Ghana between 2002-2011

The research investigates in what extent and how communication for meeting feelings is provided in Truth Commission work. It examines if and in what way feelings are addressed in the communication officially published by the Truth Commissions in East Timor, Ghana and Sri Lanka, occurring between 2002-2011. The research is also looking at the healing processes in a time perspective to find out if there is a communication for Societal healing to be continued in a longer term. My conclusion is that two cases of three in my research, the TRCs in Ghana and East Timor, have communication clearly directed to meet feelings caused by the war. One of the three cases (East Timor) has a communication with a clear ambition to heal over a longer period, to continue after the existence of the Truth Commission. The research suggests that communication with a clear ambition to reach out widely in the society, a communication directed to meet and process feelings over a longer period, can make Societal healing more effective. It also concludes that, in the future, Societal healing, as a field in conflict resolution, will be more based on representational media than today, provided through web communication.

Estratégias de igualdade de gênero nas operações de paz: desconstrução de discursos e reflexões sobre práticas generificadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Do fracasso à reforma das operações de paz das Nações Unidas (2000-2010)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Práticas de governo das crianças e dos adolescentes propostas pelo UNICEF e pela UNESCO: inquietações a partir das ferramentas analíticas legadas por Foucault

O artigo em pauta é resultante de fala em mesa-redonda proferida no Colóquio Internacional Michel Foucault, a judicialização da vida, realizado, em outubro de 2011, na Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. O texto ora descrito é parte de análises realizadas há anos em pesquisas documentais, com as ferramentas de Michel Foucault, com relatórios de agências multilaterais ligadas ao sistema Nações Unidas, em especial, UNICEF e UNESCO, no Brasil. Buscamos interpelar estas práticas e descrever como as mesmas são prescritivas de conduta e são estratégias de governo neoliberal, articulando a promoção, defesa e garantia de direitos à economia política, em nome da defesa da vida e da construção da paz e segurança mundial.

Introduction XXIX European Seminar in Ethnomusicology: Cultural Mapping and Musical Diversity

«Cultural mapping» has become a central keyword in the UNESCO strategy to protect world cultural and natural heritage. It can be described as a tool to increase the awareness of cultural diversity. As Crawhall (2009) pointed out, cultural mapping was initially considered to represent the «landscapes in two or three dimensions from the perspectives of indigenous and local peoples». It thus transforms the intangible cultural heritage to visible items by establishing profiles of cultures and communities, including music traditions. Cultural mapping is used as a resource for a variety of purposes as broad as peace building, adaptation to climate change, sustainability management, heritage debate and management, but can also become highly useful in the analysis of conflict points. Music plays a significant role in each of these aspects. This year’s symposium invites to highlight, yet also to critically reassess this topic from the following ethnomusicological perspectives: - The method of cultural mapping in ethnomusicology What approaches and research techniques have been used so far to establish musical maps in this context? What kinds of maps have been developed (and, for example, how far do these relate to indigenous mental maps that have only been transmitted orally)? How far do these modern approaches deviate from the earlier cultural mapping approaches of the cultural area approaches that were still evident with Alan P. Merriam and in Alan Lomax` Cantometrics? In how far are the methods of cultural mapping and of ethnomusicological fieldwork different and how can they benefit from each other? - Intangible cultural heritage and musical diversity As the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage pointed out in Article 12, each state signing the declaration «shall draw up, in a manner geared to its own situation, one or more inventories of the intangible cultural heritage, present in its territory and monitor these.» This symposium calls for a critical re-assessment of the hitherto established UNESCO intangible cultural heritage lists. The idea is to highlight the sensitive nature and the effects of the various heritage representations. «Heritage» is understood here as a selection from a selection – a small subset of history that relates to a given group of people in a particular place, at a specific time (Dann and Seaton 2001:26). This can include presentations of case studies, yet also a critical re-analysis of the selection process, e.g. who was included – or even excluded (and why)? Who were the decision makers? How can the role of ethnomusicology be described here? Where are the (existent and possible) conflict points (politically, socially, legally, etc.)? What kinds of solution strategies are available to us? How is the issue of diversity – that has been so strongly emphasized in the UNESCO declarations – reflected in the approaches? How might diversity be represented in future approaches? How does the selection process affect musical canonization (and exclusion)? What is the role of archives in this process? - Cultural landscape and music As defined by the World Heritage Committee, cultural landscapes can be understood as a distinct geographical area representing the «combined work of nature and man» (http://whc.unesco.org/en/culturallandscape/). This sub-topic calls for a more detailed – and general – exploration of the exact relation between nature/landscape (and definition of such) and music/sound. How exactly is landscape interrelated with music – and identified (and vice versa)? How is this interrelation being applied and exploited in a (inter-)national context?

The role of Community Health Workers. Historical perspective of facilitators and barriers. Case study in Vaupés, Colombia

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Mapping the nexus of transitional justice and peacebuilding

This paper explores the convergences and divergence between transitional justice and peace-building, by considering some of the recent developments in scholarship and practice. We examine the notion of ‘peace’ in transitional justice and the idea of ‘justice’ in peacebuilding. We highlight that transitional justice and peacebuilding often engage with similar or related ideas, though the scholarship on in each field has developed, largely, in parallel to each other, and of-ten without any significant engagement between the fields of inquiry. We also note that both fields share other commonalities, insofar as they often neglect questions of capital (political, social, economic) and at times, gender. We suggest that trying to locate the nexus in the first place draws attention to where peace and justice have actually got to be produced in order for there not to be conflict and violence. This in turn demonstrates that locally, ‘peace’ and ‘justice’ do not always look like the ‘peace’ and ‘justice’ drawn up by international donors and peace-builders; and, despite the ‘turn to the local’ in international relations, it is surprising just how many local and everyday dynamics are (dis)missed as sources of peace and justice, or potential avenues of addressing the past.