Carcinoma folicular tireoideo metastático para ducto tireoglosso

The authors present a case of a female. 43-year-old patient. with a neck mass suggestive of a thyroglossal duct cyst. During the operation. a hard and adherent mass was found and the pathological findings demonstrated a metastatic follicular carcinoma. Despite of the negative image, total thyroidectomy was performed and a small primary tumor of 0,2cm was found in the left inferior lobe. There were only three of these cases reported.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Rio Grande do Sul

This report concerns an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in wild boars from commercial herds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The main clinical signs were progressive wasting, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and ocular discharges. Enhanced lymph nodes and spleens, ascites, hydrothorax, and non collapsed lungs were the principal gross lesions. Varying degrees of lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in lymph nodes, spleen, and intestines were the most significant microscopic changes. Although a total of 26 animals had showed clinical and pathological findings consistent with the disease, only in 11 of them it was possible to confirm a PMWS diagnosis through the association of specific lesions in lymphoid tissues with the presence of the viral antigen detected by immunohistochemistry. These findings were similar to those reported in the swine disease.

Senecio brasiliensis (Asteraceae) poisoning in Murrah buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul

Thirteen (14.4%) out of 90 Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) became ill after con-sumption of Senecio brasiliensis, and 11 (12.2%) of them died. The buffaloes were kept in a highly Senecio brasiliensis infested area. The poisoning occurred in June-August 2006 on a farm in the county of Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Clinical signs included weakness, apathy, progressive weight loss, permanent decubitus, and diarrhea. Necropsy was performed in 2 of the 11 buffaloes that died. The pathological findings were typical of poisoning by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. High infestation of pastures with S. brasiliensis, severe drought, and consequent starvation were the main epidemiological factors associated with the poisoning here described.

Primary bone neoplasms in dogs: 90 cases

A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy cases of 90 primary bone tumors (89 malignant and one benign) in dogs received over a period of 22 years at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, was performed. Osteosarcoma was the most prevalent bone tumor, accounting for 86.7% of all malignant primary bone neoplasms diagnosed. Most cases occurred in dogs of large and giant breeds with ages between 6 and 10-years-old. The neoplasms involved mainly the appendicular skeleton, and were 3.5 times more prevalent in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the predominant histological subtype. Epidemiological and pathological findings of osteosarcomas are reported and discussed.

Outbreaks of vesicular disease caused by Vaccinia virus in dairy cattle from Goiás State, Brazil (2010-2012)

Cases of vesicular and exanthematic disease by Vaccinia virus (VACV) have been reported in dairy herds of several Brazilian regions, occasionally also affecting humans. The present article describes eight outbreaks of vesicular disease caused by VACV in dairy herds of six counties of Goiás state, Midwestern Brazil (2010-2012), involving a total of 122 cows, 12 calves and 11 people. Dairy cows (3 to 9 years old) were affected in all cases and calves (2 to 9 months old) were affected in five outbreaks, presenting oral lesions. The morbidity ranged between 8 and 100% in cows, and 1.5 to 31% in calves. In the cows, the clinical signs started with vesicles (2-7mm), painful and coalescent papules (3-8 mm), which resulted in ulcers (5-25mm) and scabs in teats, and, occasionally, in the muzzle. The clinical course lasted from 16 to 26 days. The histopathology of bovine skin samples revealed superficial perivascular inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages and multifocal areas of acanthosis, spongiosis, hipergranulosis and parakeratotic or orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with adjacent focally extensive ulcers. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were noted in the cytoplasm of the keratinocytes. PCR to vgf gene of Orthopoxvirus was positive in samples collected from all outbreaks, and in some cases, genomic VACV sequences were identified by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Infectious virus was isolated in cell culture from scabs from one outbreak. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in at least 3 or 4 animals in most outbreaks, by ELISA (outbreaks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) or virus-neutralization (outbreak 6). Neutralizing titers ranging from 8 to 64 in outbreak 6. In all outbreaks, VACV infection was suspected based on the clinical and pathological findings and it was confirmed by laboratory tests. Upon the etiological confirmation, other agents associated with vesicular disease were discarded. In all outbreaks, at least one milker who handled the affected cows developed malaise, headache, fever, painful vesico-pustular lesions mainly in the hands, but also in the neck and nose. These results confirm the circulation of VACV in the region and call attention for a correct diagnosis and the adoption of prophylactic and control measures.

Equine proliferative enteropathy on a Brazilian farm

Abstract:Lawsonia intracellularis infection on a horse farm in the Midwest region of Brazil is described. Thirty-nine foals a few days to months old from a herd with 300 horses, experienced diarrhea with variable characteristics and intensities, weight loss, hyperemic mucous membranes and dehydration. In foals 3 to 6 months of age, hypoproteinemia associated with submandibular edema were also common. Intestinal fragments of a 7-month-old foal were sent to an animal disease laboratory for diagnosis. The observed macroscopic lesions were hyperemic serosa, thickening of the intestinal wall with a corrugation, thickening of the mucosa folds and reduction of intestinal lumen. Histological analysis of the small and large intestine revealed enterocyte hyperplasia of the crypts associated with diffuse marked decrease in the number of goblet cells and positive L. intracellularis antigen labeling by immunohistochemistry. Three out of 11 animals of the same property were seropositive for L. intracellularis, demonstrating the circulation of the agent throughout the farm, but none were PCR positive in fecal samples. Based on clinical signs and pathological findings, the diagnosis of equine proliferative enteropathy was confirmed.

Outbreaks of canid herpesvirus 1 disease in puppies in southern Brazil

Abstract: Canid herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) is a widespread pathogen of dogs and produces infertility, abortions and severe systemic disease in young puppies. Clinical data indicate the circulation of CHV-1 among Brazilian dogs yet definitive diagnosis has rarely been accomplished. This article describes the clinicopathological findings of four independent cases/outbreaks of neonatal disease by CHV-1 in Bulldog puppies followed by virus identification and genetic characterization. Three events occurred in a kennel holding dogs of different breeds at reproductive age (March 2013, October 2013 and April 2014). Puppies from three French or English Bulldog litters, aging 9 to 30 days were affected, presenting dyspnea, agonic breathing, pale mucous, abdominal pain and tension, evolving to death within about 24 hours. At necropsy, the puppies presented necrohemorrhagic hepatitis, multifocal and moderate necrohemorrhagic nephritis and fibrinonecrotic interstitial pneumonia. Virus isolation was positive in clinical specimens from one litter and CHV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in tissues from all four cases. Virus-neutralizing assays with samples of the affected kennel revealed 9/12 adult animals with high antibody titers to CHV-1. Nucleotide sequencing of glycoprotein B, C and D genes revealed 99-100% of identity among the viruses and with CHV-1 sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of gC sequences showed a segregation of the samples, even among three isolates from the same kennel. These findings support CHV-1 infection as the cause of disease and death in these dog litters, reinforcing the need for correct etiologic diagnosis, prevention and immunization against CHV-1 in dogs from Southern Brazil.

Genetics of inherited small vessel diseases – in search of a novel small vessel disease and modifiers of the clinical course of CADASIL

The genetic and environmental risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment are still largely unknown. This thesis aimed to assess the genetic background of two clinically similar familial small vessel diseases (SVD), CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) and Swedish hMID (hereditary multi-infarct dementia of Swedish type). In the first study, selected genetic modifiers of CADASIL were studied in a homogenous Finnish CADASIL population of 134 patients, all carrying the p.Arg133Cys mutation in NOTCH3. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, angiotensinogen (AGT) p.Met268Thr polymorphism and eight NOTCH3 polymorphisms were studied, but no associations between any particular genetic variant and first-ever stroke or migraine were seen. In the second study, smoking, statin medication and physical activity were suggested to be the most profound environmental differences among the monozygotic twins with CADASIL. Swedish hMID was for long misdiagnosed as CADASIL. In the third study, the CADASIL diagnosis in the Swedish hMID family was ruled out on the basis of genetic, radiological and pathological findings, and Swedish hMID was suggested to represent a novel SVD. In the fourth study, the gene defect of Swedish hMID was then sought using whole exome sequencing paired with a linkage analysis. The strongest candidate for the pathogenic mutation was a 3’UTR variant in the COL4A1 gene, but further studies are needed to confirm its functionality. This study provided new information about the genetic background of two inherited SVDs. Profound knowledge about the pathogenic mutations causing familial SVD is also important for correct diagnosis and treatment options.

Discoespondilite Canina : Estudo Retrospectivo de 10 Casos Clínicos

A discoespondilite é uma doença infecciosa rara que afecta, de forma crónica, os discos intervertebrais e as extremidades adjacentes dos corpos vertebrais. Geralmente advém de uma infecção disseminada por via hematógena e os agentes mais frequentes são bacterianos e são principalmente Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., E. Coli e Brucella spp. Também pode ser devida a infecções fúngicas, parasitárias ou migração de corpos estranhos. É caracterizada pela degenerescência do disco intervertebral e lesões escleróticas e proliferativas das extremidades dos corpos vertebrais. O principal sinal clínico desta doença é a hiperestesia paravertebral e alterações da marcha ou relutância ao movimento. Febre e anorexia são menos frequentes do que seria de esperar e os sinais neurológicos são considerados raros. O diagnóstico desta doença é geralmente radiográfico e a determinação do agente pode ser conseguida por cultura de material discal, hemocultura ou urocultura. Podem ser usados meios de imagiologia avançada como TAC e RM para melhor avaliar a extensão das lesões e o envolvimento dos tecidos circunvizinhos. A realização de hemogramas raramente revela alterações significativas embora possa existir leucocitose. O tratamento médico é eficaz em aproximadamente 76% dos casos e deve ser feito com base em cultura e TSA mas, de forma empírica, as cefalosporinas de primeira geração são frequentemente utilizadas. Em alguns casos pode ser necessária a estabilização ou desbridamento cirúrgicos. O estudo retrospectivo realizado no âmbito deste trabalho, teve como objectivo avaliar os sinais clínicos, radiográficos e laboratoriais , assim como o maneio médico e cirúrgico de 10 casos de discoespondilite confirmada radiográfica e clinicamente, num período de 2 anos. Observou-se maior prevalência da doença em machos, em cães jovens e adultos, e raças de grande porte. A região mais afectada foi a junção lombossagrada, e o sinal mais observado foi a dor paraespinhal. No entanto os sinais neurológicos foram mais frequentes do que o descrito. Os agentes isolados em cultura de material discal não foram os mais comuns. O tratamento médico instituído pelos veterinários foi eficaz em 6 dos casos, Foi necessária intervenção cirúrgica em 3 e 1 animal não recuperou totalmente até à conclusão deste estudo.

A influência do dano de isquemia/reperfusão na função do enxerto e na evolução clínica pós-operatória imediata em pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático : o papel da biópsia de reperfusão

O transplante hepático é o tratamento de escolha para uma série de doenças terminais agudas e crônicas do fígado. Contudo, sua oferta tem sido restringida pela falta de doadores, o que tem provocado o aumento do número de pacientes em lista de espera. A escassez de órgãos condiciona a aceitação para transplante de enxertos provindos de doadores sem as melhores condições para tal – os chamados doadores marginais. O dano de isquemia/reperfusão (IR) é resultado dos fatores perioperatórios inerentes ao procedimento, incluindo as condições do doador. Quanto pior o doador, pior o órgão transplantado, e maior a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de disfunção primária do enxerto (DPE). DPE comumente é definida pela elevação das enzimas hepáticas. As aminotransferases, entretanto, podem alterar-se por outras complicações que não a lesão de isquemia/reperfusão. A histologia hepática, por sua vez, pode fornecer informações acerca da IR. Com o objetivo de estimar a extensão histológica do dano de preservação (necrose hepatocelular e neutrofilia sinusoidal), correlacioná-la a variáveis bioquímicas (índice de reperfusão: AST + ALT + LDH / 3) e avaliar a sua influência no período pós-operatório imediato (até 7 dias), foi realizado um estudo transversal com análise sistemática de 55 pacientes adultos que receberam seu primeiro enxerto hepático entre Setembro de 1996 e Dezembro de 1999. Foram comparados os fatores de risco relacionados ao doador, ao receptor, ao procedimento cirúrgico e ao período pós-operatório e analisadas as biópsias feitas antes e imediatamente após o procedimento cirúrgico. Houve dano de preservação em todos os pacientes estudados tanto por critérios anatomopatológicos quanto por critérios bioquímicos. Houve associação significativa entre os achados bioquímicos e histológicos (p=0,04; coeficiente gamma=0,49). A extensão da necrose hepatocitária parece ser o dado anatomopatológico isolado que melhor se relaciona ao índice de reperfusão (p=0,05; coeficiente gamma=0,48). Houve associação entre DPE e a histologia hepática (p=0,02). O índice bioquímico associou-se à DPE (p=0,001) e à incidência de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) (p<0,0001). A mortalidade inicial foi maior nos pacientes com índice de reperfusão grave (p=0,002). O índice de reperfusão foi um fator de risco independente para a função do enxerto (p=0,004) e IRA (0,04). A sobrevida atuarial em 1 ano foi significativamente menor nos pacientes com dano de preservação grave (p=0,003). A análise da biópsia de reperfusão é capaz de detectar o dano de preservação sofrido pelo enxerto e se correlaciona às variáveis bioquímicas em sua estimativa.

Hematological and biochemical profiles and histopathological evaluation of experimental intoxication by sodium fluoroacetate in cats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cutaneous myxosarcoma in a Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

The pathological findings in a 2-years-old Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with a cutaneous myxosarcoma are described. Grossly, there was a large cutaneous mass in the right cervical region. Microscopical evaluation revealed a myxosarcoma characterized by pleomorphic, fusiform cells loosely arranged, randomly distributed, and presenting a moderate amount of basophilic amorphous stroma. There were hemorrhagic areas within the tumor. The basophilic amorphous stroma was positive to Alcian blue confirming the presence of a mucopolysaccharide matrix. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, and were negative for cytokeratin or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

An immunohistochemical study of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in breast cancer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Conjunctival keratoacanthoma

Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing skin neoplasia that may stabilize or regress spontaneously. We describe here a case of conjunctival keratoacanthoma and comment about the clinical signs and symptoms and pathological findings.

Optic neuropathy in sheep associated with overdosage of closantel

This report describes clinical and pathological findings in 2 flocks in Brazil where blindness and deaths in sheep occurred after closantel overdosage. Depression, weakness, and blindness affected 37 animals and 17 died in 2 flocks of 190 animals. Two animals submitted for ophthalmic examination showed no inflammation in the anterior segment of both eyes; posterior segment evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy suggested retinal degeneration. One postmortem evaluation local spongy vacuolization was in several regions of the brain and the optical nerves had severe axonal degeneration.