Retroviral infection of neonatal Peyer's patch lymphocytes: the mouse mammary tumor virus model.

Mouse mammary tumor virus is known to infect newborn mice via mother's milk. A proposed key step for viral spread to the mammary gland is by the infection of lymphocytes. We show here that although in suckling mice retroviral proteins are found in all epithelial cells of the gut, viral DNA is exclusively detectable in the Peyer's patches. As early as 5 d after birth the infection leads to a superantigen response in the Peyer's patches but not in other lymphoid organs draining the intestine. Viral DNA can be detected before the superantigen response and becomes first evident in the Peyer's patches followed by mesenteric lymph nodes and finally all lymphoid organs.

CD4+CD3- cells induce Peyer's patch development: role of alpha4beta1 integrin activation by CXCR5.

CD4+CD3- cells are the predominant hematopoietic cells found in mouse fetal intestine. We prove their role as Peyer's patch (PP)-inducing cells by transfer into neonatal PP-deficient mice. To test the requirement of chemokines and adhesion molecules in induction of PP, we studied mice deficient in CXCR5 and/or alpha4beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion. CXCR5-/- mice have CD4+CD3- cells, which are inefficient in inducing PP formation. We show here that CXCR5/CXCL13 signaling activates alpha4beta1 integrin on CD4+CD3- cells. Blocking of beta1 integrin or VCAM-1, the ligand of alpha4beta1 integrin, inhibits PP formation. This study demonstrates the link between chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules that regulates stromal/hematopoietic cell interaction leading to PP formation.

Avaliação econômica e financeira de projetos de fornos dos tipos container industrial e retangular de 40 estéreos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a análise econômica e financeira de um projeto com 100 fornos tipo container industrial e 100 fornos tipo retangular de 40st. para a produção de carvão vegetal. Para tanto, utilizaram-se como indicadores financeiros a lucratividade, rentabilidade, prazo de retorno do investimento e ponto de equilíbrio. Os indicadores econômicos utilizados para proceder a análise econômica foram o VPL, TIR, B(C)PE e B/C. Concluíram que os fornos são viáveis do ponto de vista econômico e financeiro. Entretanto o forno container por ter maior VPL daria um retorno mais lucrativo quando comparado ao retangular de 40 st.

Uniformidade de aplicação de água de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação com aspersores de perfil radial triangular, elíptico e retangular

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de simulações digitais da uniformidade de aplicação de água de sistemas autopropelidos de irrigação, para a condição de ausência de ventos. Nas simulações foram considerados aspersores com perfis radiais de distribuição de água tipo triangular, elíptico e retangular, operando sob diferentes combinações de ângulo de giro (de 180 até 360º) e espaçamento entre carreadores (de 0 a 100% do diâmetro molhado - DM). Os resultados das simulações foram apresentados em três grupos distintos, cada um representando a mesma forma geométrica do perfil radial de distribuição de água. Independentemente do ângulo de giro, os melhores valores de uniformidade foram obtidos com espaçamentos menores que 45% e entre 55% e 70% do DM para o perfil radial triangular e com espaçamentos menores que 50% e entre 70% e 90% do DM para os perfis radiais elíptico e retangular. Para os três perfis radiais, ângulos de giro do aspersor entre 180 e 230º geram maiores valores de coeficiente de uniformidade.

Escoamento turbulento na saída de um duto curvo de seção retangular divergente: estudo experimental

Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo experimental do escoamento turbulento em um duto curvo simulando parte de uma caldeira de uma usina termoelétrica. As cinzas resultantes da queima de carvão mineral, transportadas pelos gases da combustão, incidem sobre o economizador, localizado após um duto curvo, e provocam erosão dos tubos, levando a falhas que provocam a parada da unidade. A distribuição do escoamento após a curva favorece a erosão na região próxima à parede côncava do duto. A solução clássica para redistribuição do escoamento em curvas são as chapas direcionadoras. No caso presente elas não são aplicáveis, pois a erosão de seus componentes de sustentação iria aumentar os riscos operacionais. Este problema foi investigado em um modelo em escala do duto curvo, usando ar como fluido de trabalho. Foi feita visualização do escoamento com fios de lã na parede do duto. As medições foram realizadas com tubo de Pitot e anemômetro de fio quente. Foram feitas modificações na seção de testes usando técnicas de controle da camada limite. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição do escoamento após a curva foi melhorada e que as modificações, quando aplicadas à caldeira, propiciarão um funcionamento mais seguro e econômico.

Patch-clamp detection of macromolecular translocation along nuclear pores

The present paper reviews the application of patch-clamp principles to the detection and measurement of macromolecular translocation along the nuclear pores. We demonstrate that the tight-seal 'gigaseal' between the pipette tip and the nuclear membrane is possible in the presence of fully operational nuclear pores. We show that the ability to form a gigaseal in nucleus-attached configurations does not mean that only the activity of channels from the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope can be detected. Instead, we show that, in the presence of fully operational nuclear pores, it is likely that the large-conductance ion channel activity recorded derives from the nuclear pores. We conclude the technical section with the suggestion that the best way to demonstrate that the nuclear pores are responsible for ion channel activity is by showing with fluorescence microscopy the nuclear translocation of ions and small molecules and the exclusion of the same from the cisterna enclosed by the two membranes of the envelope. Since transcription factors and mRNAs, two major groups of nuclear macromolecules, use nuclear pores to enter and exit the nucleus and play essential roles in the control of gene activity and expression, this review should be useful to cell and molecular biologists interested in understanding how patch-clamp can be used to quantitate the translocation of such macromolecules into and out of the nucleus

Hockey Patch

Hockey patch which belonged to Margaret Woodruff. On the front of the patch is "VII '13". On the back, in ink, it says "1st Ice Hockey Team 1913, P. Ramsbottom, captain; M. Clark, L. Wing; M. Woodruff, R. Wing; H. Webster, C. Point; F. Butchant, Pt.; B. Clinkskill, Goal. M. Woodruff".

Modified Circular Patch Antenna

A circular miqrostrip antenna with a modified structure is presented. By adjusting the feed location along the circumference of the patch it is possible to match the antenna with a C microstrip line of any impedance. The impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics are unaffected by this structural V modification.

Polarisation agile active microstrip patch arrays

Two three-clement polarisation-agile active microstrip patch arrays have been developed . The radiating elements are square patches each with two transistors mounted on adjacent edges. The patches radiate orthogonal modes , the relative phase of which can be varied. Radiation patterns show good agreement with predictions from theory, in both linear and circular polarization, and no grating lobes were observed

A new broadband circular patch antenna

A simple technique to improve the impedance bandwidth of a circular microstrip patch antenna using two sectorial slots is proposed. Using this design more than 5% impedance bandwidth is obtained. The added advantage of this new antenna is that it can be fed by a 50- microstrip line

A novel H-shaped patch antenna

A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. The new antenna has some advantages compared to conventional microstrip patch antennas, such as small size, a fewer number of modes, no harmonic resonance, and the provision of pure reactive impedances at its harmonics that can result in increasing the transmitter efficiency. The basic principles and design procedure are introduced. Two antennas at two different frequencies, 4 and 10 GHz, are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a good agreement with the predicted ones

A Microstrip Patch Resonator with a Via Connecting Ground Plane

patch resonator with a via connecting ground plane is proposed and studied experimentally. The resonant frequency of this patch resonator is tunable up to about 34 % by adjusting the via position in the center line. The lowest resonant frequency of this patch resonator has been reduced by more than 64% of the same size patch resonator

A new microstrip patch antenna for mobile communications and bluetooth applications

compact multihand planar octagonal-shaped microstrip antenna simultaneously suitable for mobile communication and blue tooth application is presented. The antenna provides sufficient isolation benveen the two operating bands and an area reduction of -29 % with respect to a circular patch operating in the same band