Estudo das propriedades de revestimentos compósitos de níquel com Al2O3 e SiC

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a resistência à corrosão dos revestimentos compósitos de níquel, obtidos a partir de um banho de níquel químico (electroless) e um banho de níquel eletrolítico tipo Watts (com e sem tensoativo), caracterizando-os comparativamente em relação ao revestimento de níquel sem partículas. Os métodos utilizados para avaliação da resistência a corrosão foram: ensaio acelerado em névoa salina, voltametria cíclica, curva de polarização potenciodinâmica (em NaCl 0,6N) e dissolução anódica à corrente constante. Os revestimentos também foram avaliados com relação à resistência ao desgaste, rugosidade, e morfologia da camada. As partículas foram caracterizadas por difração de raio- X , dispersão granulométrica e potencial zeta. Nas condições estudadas os resultados mostraram que o revestimento compósito Ni-P-Al2O3 (Al2O3 - tamanho de grão ≅ 0,1 a 1,8µm) apresentou melhor resistência à corrosão que o revestimento de níquel químico sem incorporação de partículas (Ni-P) que por sua vez, apresentou resistência a corrosão superior ao compósito Ni-P-SiC no. 23 (SiC no. 23 - tamanho de grão ≅0,8 a 19,9µm). Já o eletrodepósito de níquel sem incorporação de partículas apresentou melhor resistência à corrosão que os revestimentos compósitos. Entre estes o compósito Ni-Al2O3 apresentou resistência a corrosão superior ao compósito Ni-SiC no. 23 A adição do tensoativo lauril sulfato de sódio reduz a quantidade de partículas incorporadas no eletrodepósito, sendo este efeito mais acentuado para o SiC com maior granulometria. Para diferentes granulometrias de carbeto de silício (SiC no. 2 - tamanho de grão ≅0,3 a 6,2µm e SiC no. 23 - tamanho de grão ≅0,8 a 19,9µm), o revestimento compósito obtido com o SiC que possui menor granulometria, apresentou maior resistência à corrosão e maior resistência ao desgaste, indicando desta forma que o tamanho da partícula incorporada no depósito de níquel exerce grande influência sobre a resistência à corrosão do revestimento, bem como sobre a resistência ao desgaste.

Estudo da moagem de alta energia e sinterização de pós compósitos W-Cu

The Tungsten/copper composites are commonly used for electrical and thermal objectives like heat sinks and lectrical conductors, propitiating an excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. These properties are dependents of the composition, crystallite size and production process. The high energy milling of the powder of W-Cu produces an dispersion high and homogenization levels with crystallite size of W very small in the ductile Cu phase. This work discusses the effect of the HEM in preparation of the W-25Cu composite powders. Three techniques of powder preparation were utilized: milling the dry with powder of thick Cu, milling the dry with powder of fine Cu and milling the wet with powder of thick Cu. The form, size and composition of the particles of the powders milled were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse the phases, lattice parameters, size and microstrain of the crystallite. The analyse of the crystalline structure of the W-25Cu powders milled made by Rietveld Method suggests the partial solid solubility of the constituent elements of the Cu in lattice of the W. This analyse shows too that the HEM produces the reduction high on the crystallite size and the increase in the lattice strain of both phases, this is more intense in the phase W

Revestimentos a base de Ta/Al2O3 produzidos por aspersão térmica sobre substrato metálico

Metal substrates were coated by thermal spraying plasma torch, they were positioned at a distance of 4 and 5 cm from the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The starting materials were used for deposition of tantalum oxide powder and aluminium. These two materials were mixed and ground into high-energy mill, then immersed in the torch for the production of alumina coating infused with particles of tantalum with nano and micrometric size. The spraying equipment used is a plasma torch arc not transferred, which operating in the range of 250 A and 80 V, was able to produce enough heat to ignite aluminothermic between Ta2O5 and aluminum. Upon reaching the plasma jet, the mixing powders react with the heat of the blaze, which provides sufficient energy for melting aluminum particles. This energy is transferred through mechanisms of self-propagating to the oxide, beginning a reduction reaction, which then hits on the surface of the substrate and forms a coating on which a composite is formed by a junction metal - ceramic (Ta +Al2O3). The phases and quantification of each were obtained respectively by X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method. Morphology by scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS. It was also performed measurements of the substrate roughness, Vickers microhardness measurements in sprays and determination of the electron temperature of the plasma jet by optical emission spectroscopy EEO. The results confirmed the expectation generated around the end product of spraying the mixture Ta2O5 + Al, both in the formation of nano-sized particles and in their final form. The electron excitation temperature was consistent with the purpose of work, in addition, the thermodynamic temperature was efficient for the reduction process of Ta2O5. The electron excitation temperature showed values of 3000, 4500 and 8000 K for flows10, 20 and 30 l / min respectively, these values were taken at the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The thermodynamic temperature around 1200 ° C, was effective in the reduction process of Ta2O5

Obtenção de compósitos cerâmicos baseados em Al2O3/TiC através dos precursores poliméricos

The obtaining of ceramic materials from polymeric precursors is subject of numerous studies due to lower energy costs compared to conventional processing. The aim of this study is to investigate and improve the mechanism for obtaining ceramic matrix composite (CMC) based on SiOC/Al2O3/TiC by pyrolysis of polysiloxane in the presence of an active filler and inert filler in the pyrolysis temperature lower than the usually adopted for this technique, with greater strength. It also investigates the influence of pyrolysis temperature, the content of Alas active filler, the presence of infiltrating agents (Al, glass and polymer) after pyrolysis, temperature and infiltration time on some physical and mechanical properties. Alumina is used as inert filler and Al and Ti as active filler in the pyrolysis. Aluminum, glass and polysiloxane are used as agents infiltrating the post-pyrolysis. The results are analyzed with respect to porosity and bulk density by the Archimedes method, the presence of crystalline phases by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ceramic pyrolyzed between 850 °C 1400 °C contain porosity 15% to 33%, density 2.34 g/cm3 and flexural strength at 4 points from 30 to 42 MPa. The microstructure features are porous, with an array of Al2O3 reinforced by TiC particles and AlTi3. The infiltration post-pyrolysis reveals decrease in porosity and increase density and strength. The composites have potential applications where thermal stability is the main requirement

Otimização das condições de síntese de amostras cerâmicas do composto Y'Ba IND. 2''Cu IND. 3''O IND. 7'-δ através do Método Pechini

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Adsorção de íons Cu(II) sobre superfícies de sílicas gel modificadas com 4-amino-2-mercaptopirimidina e com 2-mercaptopirimidina

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Síntese e aplicação de sílica mesoporosa modificada com o ligante 4-amino-2-mercaptopirimidina na pré-concentração de Cd (II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) e Ni(II) em amostras de águas naturais

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Obtenção e caracterização de carvão ativado de caroço de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) para avaliar o processo de adsorção de uma solução de Cu (II)

Produziu-se carvão de caroço de buriti (CCB) a partir do rejeito da produção artesanal do fruto, destinado à extração de óleo, à temperatura de 400ºC. O CCB então foi ativado a temperaturas de 800ºC e 900ºC. Ensaios de adsorção foram executados para se avaliar o desempenho dessas temperaturas de ativação na adsorção de uma solução de cobre (II) de concentração inicial conhecida de 50 mg/L. Após a análise dos resultados, decidiu-se pela ativação do carvão a 900ºC. Caracterizou-se o carvão ativado do caroço de buriti (CACB) a 900ºC de acordo com as propriedades comerciais, tais como: área específica, porosimetria, densidades aparente e real, porosidade de um leito fixo, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, conteúdo de cinzas, pH, umidade, carbono fixo e grupos funcionais de superfície ácida presentes no CACB. Realizaram-se ensaios de equilíbrio de adsorção para se determinar a influência do diâmetro das partículas de CACB (D < 0,595 mm; 0,595 < D < 1,19 mm e D > 1,19 mm); a influência do tempo de contato adsorvente/adsorvato (15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 minutos); a influência do pH (3,00; 4,01; 5,18 e 6,00) e a influência da concentração inicial da solução de cobre (II) (5, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100 e 200 mg/L) para se avaliar a eficiência de remoção. Os resultados mostraram uma maior eficiência de remoção de cobre (II) para o diâmetro D < 0,595 mm; para o tempo de contato de 300 minutos; para o pH de 4,01 e para as concentrações iniciais de cobre (II) de 50 e 80 mg/L. Os modelos matemáticos de Langmuir e Freundlich foram aplicados para os dados de equilíbrio de adsorção. O modelo matemático de Langmuir foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados de equilíbrio. De acordo com os dados da cinética de equilíbrio, observa-se que a partir do tempo de contato de 15 minutos todas as concentrações de equilíbrio ficaram abaixo do máximo permitido de 1,0 mg/L previsto pela legislação CONAMA nº 357/2005 para lançamento de efluentes em corpos receptores. Os resultados experimentais encontrados são indicativos de que é possível a remoção de cobre (II) de efluentes industriais utilizando CACB ativado fisicamente a 900ºC por um período de 60 minutos.

Correlação da coalescência de microcavidades com as propriedades mecânicas e elétricas de fios para Tx e Dx de energia elétrica da liga base Al-0,5%Cu-[0,24-0,28]%Fe modificada com teores de silício

Neste trabalho, é feita uma tentativa para estabelecer a influência dos teores [0,5; 0,7 e 0,9]%Si, como agentes modificadores da liga Al-0,05%Cu-[0,24-0,28]%Fe, avaliada através de aspectos que levaram em conta parâmetros operacionais de vazamentos unidirecionais horizontais tais como velocidades (Vs) e taxas de solidificação (Tx). Após operações de corte e usinagem foram obtidos perfis cilíndricos, com diâmetros de 9,5mm e comprimento de 120mm, a partir dos quais, após operações de trabalho à frio, chegou-se a fios com diâmetros de 2,7; 3,0; 3,8 e 4,0mm. Estes perfis foram submetidos à caracterização elétrica, com base na condutividade elétrica, à caracterização mecânica, com base em ensaios tensão/deformação enfatizando o alongamento, e a caracterização estrutural em seções longitudinais, com ênfase na distribuição das partículas de segunda fase e no aspecto da fratura, na qual a metodologia de avaliação das dimensões das microcavidades se utiliza da razão do cumprimento (L) pela largura (W).

Determinação de Cd, Pb e Cu em particulados atmosféricos da região de Presidente Prudente por análise voltamétrica utilizando eletrodo de mercúrio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preparation and characterization of copper catalysts supported on mesoporous Al2O3 nanofibers for N2O reduction to N2

A series of mesoporous Al2O3 samples with different porous structures and phases were prepared and used as supports for Cu/Al2O3 catalysts. These catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption, NMR, TGA, XRD, and UV - vis spectroscopic techniques and tested for the catalytic reaction of N2O decomposition. The activity increased with the increasing calcination temperatures of supports from 450 to 900 degreesC; however, a further increase in calcination temperature up to 1200 degreesC resulted in a significant reduction in activity. Characterization revealed that the calcination temperatures of supports influenced the porous structures and phases of the supports, which in turn affected the dispersions, phases, and activities of the impregnated copper catalyst. The different roles of surface spinel, bulk CuAl2O4, and bulk CuO is clarified for N2O catalytic decomposition. Two mechanism schemes were thus proposed to account for the varying activities of different catalysts.

Effect of Cu and Sn promotion on the catalytic deoxygenation of model and algal lipids to fuel-like hydrocarbons over supported Ni catalysts

The ability of Cu and Sn to promote the performance of a 20% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in the deoxygenation of lipids to fuel-like hydrocarbons was investigated using model triglyceride and fatty acid feeds, as well as algal lipids. In the semi-batch deoxygenation of tristearin at 260 °C a pronounced promotional effect was observed, a 20% Ni-5% Cu/Al2O3 catalyst affording both higher conversion (97%) and selectivity to C10-C17 alkanes (99%) in comparison with unpromoted 20% Ni/Al2O3 (27% conversion and 87% selectivity to C10-C17). In the same reaction at 350 °C, a 20% Ni-1% Sn/Al2O3 catalyst afforded the best results, giving yields of C10-C17 and C17 of 97% and 55%, respectively, which contrasts with the corresponding values of 87 and 21% obtained over 20% Ni/Al2O3. Equally encouraging results were obtained in the semi-batch deoxygenation of stearic acid at 300 °C, in which the 20% Ni-5% Cu/Al2O3 catalyst afforded the highest yields of C10-C17 and C17. Experiments were also conducted at 260 °C in a fixed bed reactor using triolein − a model unsaturated triglyceride − as the feed. While both 20% Ni/Al2O3 and 20% Ni-5% Cu/Al2O3 achieved quantitative yields of diesel-like hydrocarbons at all reaction times sampled, the Cu-promoted catalyst exhibited higher selectivity to longer chain hydrocarbons, a phenomenon which was also observed in experiments involving algal lipids as the feed. Characterization of fresh and spent catalysts indicates that Cu enhances the reducibility of Ni and suppresses both cracking reactions and coke-induced deactivation.

Densificação e microestrutura de um compósito Mo-Cu preparado a partir de um pó de heptamolibidato de amônia e cobre

The Cu-Mo system is a composite used in the electrical industry as material for electrical contact and resistance welding electrode as well as the heat sink and microwave absorber in microelectronic devices. The use of this material in such applications is due to the excellent properties of thermal and electrical conductivity and the possibility of adjustment of its coefficient of thermal expansion to meet those of materials used as substrates in the semiconductor micoreletrônic industry. Powder metallurgy through the processes of milling, pressing shaping and sintering is a viable technique for consolidation of such material. However, the mutual insolubility of both phases and the low wettability of liquid Cu on Mo impede its densification. However, the mutual insolubility of both phases and the low wettability of liquid Cu on Mo impede its densification. The mechanical alloying is a technique for preparation of powders used to produce nanocrystalline composite powder with amorphous phase or extended solid solution, which increases the sinterability immiscible systems such as the Mo-Cu. This paper investigates the influence of ammonium heptamolybdate (HMA) and the mechanical alloying in the preparation of a composite powder HMA-20% Cu and the effect of this preparation on densification and structure of MoCu composite produced. HMA and Cu powders in the proportion of 20% by weight of Cu were prepared by the techniques of mechanical mixing and mechanical alloying in a planetary mill. These were milled for 50 hours. To observe the evolution of the characteristics of the particles, powder samples were taken after 2, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 hours of milling. Cylindrical samples 5 to 8 mm in diameter and 3 to 4 mm thickness were obtained by pressing at 200 MPa to the mixed powders so as to ground. These samples were sintered at 1200 ° C for 60 minutes under an atmosphere of H2. To determine the effect of heating rate on the structure of the material during the decomposition and reduction of HMA, rates of 2, 5 and 10 ° C / min were used .. The post and the structures of the sintered samples were characterized by SEM and EDS. The density of the green and sintered bodies was measured using the geometric method (weight / volume). Vickers microhardness with a load of 1 N for 15 s were performed on sintered structures. The density of the sintered structures 10 ° C / min. reached 99% of theoretical density, how the density of sintered structures to 2 ° C / min. reached only 90% of the theoretical density

Estudo da moagem de alta energia e sinterização de pós compósitos W-Cu

The Tungsten/copper composites are commonly used for electrical and thermal objectives like heat sinks and lectrical conductors, propitiating an excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. These properties are dependents of the composition, crystallite size and production process. The high energy milling of the powder of W-Cu produces an dispersion high and homogenization levels with crystallite size of W very small in the ductile Cu phase. This work discusses the effect of the HEM in preparation of the W-25Cu composite powders. Three techniques of powder preparation were utilized: milling the dry with powder of thick Cu, milling the dry with powder of fine Cu and milling the wet with powder of thick Cu. The form, size and composition of the particles of the powders milled were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse the phases, lattice parameters, size and microstrain of the crystallite. The analyse of the crystalline structure of the W-25Cu powders milled made by Rietveld Method suggests the partial solid solubility of the constituent elements of the Cu in lattice of the W. This analyse shows too that the HEM produces the reduction high on the crystallite size and the increase in the lattice strain of both phases, this is more intense in the phase W

Revestimentos a base de Ta/Al2O3 produzidos por aspersão térmica sobre substrato metálico

Metal substrates were coated by thermal spraying plasma torch, they were positioned at a distance of 4 and 5 cm from the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The starting materials were used for deposition of tantalum oxide powder and aluminium. These two materials were mixed and ground into high-energy mill, then immersed in the torch for the production of alumina coating infused with particles of tantalum with nano and micrometric size. The spraying equipment used is a plasma torch arc not transferred, which operating in the range of 250 A and 80 V, was able to produce enough heat to ignite aluminothermic between Ta2O5 and aluminum. Upon reaching the plasma jet, the mixing powders react with the heat of the blaze, which provides sufficient energy for melting aluminum particles. This energy is transferred through mechanisms of self-propagating to the oxide, beginning a reduction reaction, which then hits on the surface of the substrate and forms a coating on which a composite is formed by a junction metal - ceramic (Ta +Al2O3). The phases and quantification of each were obtained respectively by X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method. Morphology by scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS. It was also performed measurements of the substrate roughness, Vickers microhardness measurements in sprays and determination of the electron temperature of the plasma jet by optical emission spectroscopy EEO. The results confirmed the expectation generated around the end product of spraying the mixture Ta2O5 + Al, both in the formation of nano-sized particles and in their final form. The electron excitation temperature was consistent with the purpose of work, in addition, the thermodynamic temperature was efficient for the reduction process of Ta2O5. The electron excitation temperature showed values of 3000, 4500 and 8000 K for flows10, 20 and 30 l / min respectively, these values were taken at the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The thermodynamic temperature around 1200 ° C, was effective in the reduction process of Ta2O5