Use of Primary Sludge from Pulp and Paper Mills for Nanocomposites

Cellulose nanocrystals have been evaluated as reinforcement material in polymeric matrices due to their potential to improve the mechanical, optical, and dielectric properties of these matrixes. This work describes how high pressure defibrillation and chemical purification affect the sludge fiber morphology from micro to nanoscale. Microscopy techniques and X-ray diffraction were used to study the structure and properties of the prepared nanofibers and composites. Microscopic studies showed that the used individualization processes lead to a unique morphology of interconnected web-like structure of sludge fibers. The nanofibers are bundles of cellulose fibers having widths (5 to 30 nm) and estimated lengths of several micrometers.

Utilization of Spirillum volutans for monitoring the toxicity of effluents of a cellulose and paper industry

The motility of Spirillum volutans was used for monitoring the toxicity of effluents of a cellulose and paper industry. Results indicated that there was no correlation between organic content and the toxic effects of the residues in the effluents. The effluents from the chlorination step and from the sludge ponds presented the highest toxicity. on the other hand, the final effluent from the biological treatment basin had no toxic agent. This bioassay showed to be a simple and reliable technique that can be used for adequately monitoring the toxicity of effluents.

Pulp and paper advisory group: draft resolution approved by Committee II on 25 May 1957

Incluye Bibliografía

Procedimientos de la Consulta sobre el Desarrollo de las Industrias Forestales y de la Pulpa y Papel en América Latina = Proceedings of the Consultation on Development of the Forest and Pulp and Paper Industries in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

Prospects for Latin American pulp and paper exports to overseas

Includes bibliography

Perspectivas de la industria de papel y celulosa en la América Latina = Pulp and paper prospects in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

Chile: futuro exportador de papel y celulosa = Chile: potential pulp and paper exporter

Incluye Bibliografía