Effect of mechanical treatment on the reactivity of ammonium perchlorate

Thermal reactivities of ammonium perchlorate (AP) pressed at 1500 kg cm–2 for various dwell times ranging from 0 to 45 min have been investigated. Reactivity of AP is observed to (a) increase with increase of dwell time up to 15 min and (b) decrease for the compacts obtained at higher dwell times. X-ray diffraction profiles of the compacts indicated a broadening up to 15 min dwell time and a narrowing thereafter. The increase in the reactivity has been attributed to the increase in the number of gross imperfections and plastic deformation of particles. The decrease in the reactivity is explained in terms of recrystallization after plastic deformation. Local heating is shown to exist during compaction though its macroscopic effect is insignificant during compaction of AP.

A.C. electrical conductivity of pure and doped potassium perchlorate

A.C. electrical conductivity of potassium perchlorate (KP) has been measured in the temperature range 25�325°C at frequencies ranging from 50�500 Hz using an automated technique. The results are interpreted in terms of a novel mechanism involving Schottky defects in the anion sublattice and Frenkel defects in the cation sublattice. Theconductivity behavior of KP is compared with literature data on similar low-symmetry systems containing polyatomic ions.

Chemistry of the incomplete decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP)

Results are presented to show that as the thermal decomposition of orthorhombic ammonium perchlorate proceeds there is an accumulation, in the solid, of hydrochloric and nitric acids, the concentrations of which increase up to 15% decomposition after which they decrease until they reach the original values.

Combustion of ammonium perchlorate-based composite propellants in presence of methylammonium perchlorates

The effect of tri- and tetramethylammonium perchlorates (MAP-3 and MAP-4) on the burning rate of ammonium perchlorate (AP) based propellants has been determined at various pressures. Both additives increase the burning rate; however, MAP-3 has a moderate effect, whereas MAP-4 has a rather large effect. To explain the results, the thermal decomposition and calorimetric values of the propellants having these additives have been examined. Compound MAP-3 affects the thermal decomposition rate considerably, whereas MAP-4 has virtually no effect on the decomposition rate. The contrasting effects of MAP-4 on decomposition and burning rate suggest that the enhancement of burning rate may be due to the catalysis of gas-phase reactions. Further, detailed differences between behaviour of MAP-3, and MAP-4 appear to be attributable to the melting and low-temperature exotherm of MAP-3 and nonmelting and high-temperature exotherm of MAP-4.

Effect of electric field on ammonium perchlorate decomposition

A novel method of detecting the charge-carrying species in inorganic decomposable salts is described. In ammonium perchlorate it is observed that the charge-carrying species at temperatures 150 and 230°C are oppositely charged; i.e., they are negatively charged (ClO−4 ions) at 230°C and positively charged (H+ or NH+4) at 150°C.

Effect of electric field on ammonium perchlorate decomposition

A novel method of detecting the charge-carrying species in inorganic decomposable salts is described. In ammonium perchlorate it is observed that the charge-carrying species at temperatures 150 and 230°C are oppositely charged; i.e., they are negatively charged (ClO−4 ions) at 230°C and positively charged (H+ or NH+4) at 150°C.

Effect of trimethylammonium perchlorate on the decomposition and combustion of potassium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate-polyurethane propellants

Addition of trimethylammonium perchlorate to potassium perchlorate (KP) catalyzes its thermal decomposition. However, although the additive sensitises KP-PU propellant decomposition, its combustion is desensitised. The observed effects have been explained in terms of the role played by the early formation of potassium chloride.

Thermal reactivity of ammonium perchlorate crystallised from solutions having different pH

The thermal reactivity of ammonium perchlorate was found to be dependent on the pH of the solution from which it had been crystallised. A nitric acid-crystallised sample reacted faster than an ammonium hydroxide-crystallised one.

Lanthanide perchlorate complexes of o,o' diisopropyl, n(-4-antipyryl) phosphoramidate

Five new complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with a new ligand O,O' diisopropyl N(-4-antipyryl) phosphoramidate (DIAP) of the general formula Ln(DIAP)4(ClO4)3 where Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd, have been synthesised and characterized by chemical analysis, IR(200–4000cm−1) and electronic spectra and electrical conductance data. Infrared spectral data indicate the coordination of the ligand to the metal ions in a bidentate fashion, through the C=O oxygen of the antipyrine group and the P=O group. IR and conductance values show that the three perchlorate groups are ionic. Electronic spectrum of the Nd3+ complex in the visible region, indicates reasonable covalency in the metal-ligand bond. The available data point to an eight coordinate geometry around the metal ions, with each ligand behaving in a bidentate ‘00’ fashion.

Novel kinetic scheme for the ammonium perchlorate gas phase

A novel gas-phase kinetic scheme for ammonium perchlorate (AP) deflagration involving 22 reactions among 18 species is developed. The kinetic scheme is based on a study of the effect of initial conditions on the solution of the differential equations of adiabatic constant-pressure combustion kinetics. The existence of condensed-phase reaction products providesalternate pathways for the consumption of NH3 and HCIOl produced by gas-phase dissociation of AP. Theoretically obtained temperature-time profiles of the novel scheme do not change when the conventional reaction pathways are included, indicatingthat the novel scheme is a substantially faster rate process. The new scheme does not involve the species CIO, which has long been considered a critical component of the AP gas phase and which is included in the conventional reaction pathways.The new scheme develops faster overall reaction rates, steeper temperature-time profiles, and in a deflagration model will result in higher heat-transfer rates from gas phase to the condensed phase.