Le design urbain au Québec : étude de la transposition des prescriptions empiriques dans la pratique urbanistique

Le design urbain, dimension de la pratique urbanistique, consiste principalement en la manipulation de la forme urbaine selon une démarche ciblée et encadrée. Les approches sont aussi nombreuses que diversifiées. On peut néanmoins les classer en deux catégories : les approches visant la forme urbaine en tant qu‟objet qui contient l‟organisation formelle de la ville et celles qui visent le travail sur la forme urbaine afin d‟organiser la dynamique urbaine humaine. Les deux types d‟approches soutiennent différentes démarches d‟aménagement qui contribuent à développer la forme urbaine et la dynamique des lieux. Parmi celles-ci se trouve la vision de type empirique, laquelle vise l‟expérience urbaine à l‟échelle du piéton. Les écrits et les théories à ce sujet sont variés et pertinents. La présente recherche porte sur la transposition des prescriptions empiriques dans la planification d‟un projet qui intègre une démarche de design urbain. Au moyen d‟une étude de cas, la Cité multimédia à Montréal, il s‟agit de comprendre plus spécifiquement comment le canevas maître du design urbain, soit l‟espace public, est étudié et reformulé et ce, en accordant une attention particulière pour la dimension empirique du futur aménagement. Quelles sont les balises ou les composantes qui permettent à la dimension empirique de se déployer dans la conception d‟un projet urbain qui vise une reformulation de la forme urbaine?

Association entre les prescriptions d'isolement, d'oxygène ou de moniteur cardiaque et les durées de séjour chez les patients en attente d'admission dans un département d'urgence au Canada

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Sociétés minières canadiennes et violations des droits de l’homme à l’étranger : le Canada respecte-t-il les prescriptions internationales en la matière?

La présente étude a pour objectif de vérifier si le Canada respecte les prescriptions internationales en matière de droits de l’homme et d’entreprises vis-à-vis de l’encadrement qu’il exerce sur les sociétés minières canadiennes évoluant à l’étranger. En 2011, le Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU a adopté des «Principes directeurs» afin de mettre en oeuvre le cadre de référence « Protéger, Respecter, Réparer » du Représentant spécial chargé de la question des droits de l’homme et des sociétés transnationales et autres entreprises. Selon ce cadre de référence, les États ont des obligations de protection et de réparation alors que les entreprises ont seulement la responsabilité de respecter les droits humains. Après six années de travail, le Représentant spécial John Ruggie, a fait le choix de formuler dans ses «Principes directeurs» des directives non contraignantes à l’égard des États et des entreprises afin de les aider à remplir leurs obligations et responsabilités vis-à-vis des droits de l’homme. Selon, l’ONU, cet instrument de portée universelle est le plus élaboré en la matière, si bien qu’il est recommandé aux entreprises et plus particulièrement aux États de s’y conformer lors de l’élaboration de leurs politiques respectives en matière d'activité économique et de droits humains. Il convient donc de vérifier d’une part si l’encadrement exercé par l’appareil législatif et gouvernemental vis-à-vis des sociétés minières canadiennes évoluant à l’étranger est conforme au principe directeur «Protéger». D’autres part, il convient de vérifier si les recours judiciaires et extrajudiciaires disponibles au Canada remplissent les exigences du principe directeur «Réparer». Cette double analyse permettra de conclure que le Canada respecte dans les grandes lignes ces «Principes directeurs» mais qu’il pourrait faire bien plus notamment en terme d’accès à des réparations effectives pour les victimes étrangères de minières canadiennes.

Productos Bioterapéuticos Similares (PBS). Panorama actual en América Latina en el contexto de la Artritis Reumatoide. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Los productos bioterapéuticos han revolucionado la terapéutica de enfermedades como la artritis reumatoide (AR). Los altos costos y el vencimiento de las patentes de productos bioterapéuticos de referencia (innovadores) han promovido el interés en productos bioterapéuticos similares (PBS), también conocidos como biosimilares. METODOLOGÍA: revisión sistemática con el objetivo de presentar el panorama actual (a Octubre del 2012) de los PBS en Latinoamérica (LA) en el contexto de AR. Consulta de: bases de datos internacionales y latinoamericanas, sitios web gubernamentales, registros de ensayos clínicos, noticias y páginas web relevantes. Se siguieron las guías PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Bases de datos: Selección de 30 artículos según criterios de inclusión. Selección de 17 artículos según revisión detallada. Búsqueda manual: selección de 45 referencias. Consolidado de 62 documentos. Regulaciones vigentes sobre PBS: México, Cuba, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Venezuela, Perú, Brasil, Chile y Argentina. En Colombia se encontró una propuesta en desarrollo. PBS aprobados: Colombia (Etanar®, PBS de Etanercept), México (Kikuzubam®, PBS de Rituximab), Perú, Chile y Bolivia (En estos últimos 3 países, Reditux®, PBS de Rituximab). DISCUSIÓN: La situación regulatoria sobre PBS en LA ha mejorado en los últimos 6 años, sin embargo las regulaciones deben buscar mayor claridad. Deben desarrollarse esfuerzos para establecer regulaciones en los países de LA que no las tienen. Países como México, Cuba y Brasil tienen una industria biotecnológica creciente. La aprobación de PBS en LA ha generado controversia y opiniones divididas entre los diferentes actores. El ingreso de PBS es beneficioso pero debe seguir regulaciones claras que garanticen eficacia y seguridad.

Post-neoliberal electricity market ‘re-reforms’ in Argentina: Diverging from market prescriptions?

This paper focuses upon the policy and institutional change that has taken place within the Argentine electricity market since the country’s economic and social crisis of 2001/2. As one of the first less developed countries (LDCs) to liberalise and privatise its electricity industry, Argentina has since moved away from the orthodox market model after consumer prices were frozen by the Government in early 2002 when the national currency was devalued by 70%. Although its reforms were widely praised during the 1990s, the electricity market has undergone a number of interventions, ostensibly to keep consumer prices low and to avert the much-discussed energy ‘crisis’ caused by a dearth of new investment combined with rising demand levels. This paper explores how the economic crisis and its consequences have both enabled and legitimised these policy and institutional amendments, while drawing upon the specifics of the post-neoliberal market ‘re-reforms’ to consider the extent to which the Government appears to be moving away from market-based prescriptions. In addition, this paper contributes to sector-specific understandings of how, despite these changes, neoliberal ideas and assumptions continue to dominate Argentine public policy well beyond the postcrisis era.

Evaluating explanations about drug prescriptions: effects of varying the nature of information about side effects and its relative position in explanations

This study evaluates computer-generated written explanations about drug prescriptions that are based on an analysis of both patient and doctor informational needs. Three experiments examine the effects of varying the type of information given about the possible side effects of the medication, and the order of information within the explanation. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of these two factors on people's ratings of how good they consider the explanations to be and of their perceived likelihood of taking the medication, as well as on their memory for the information in the explanation. Experiment 2 further examined the effects of varying information about side effects by separating out the contribution of number and severity of side effects. It was found that participants in this study did not “like” explanations that described severe side effects, and also judged that they would be less likely to take the medication if given such explanations. Experiment 3 therefore investigated whether information about severe side effects could be presented in such a way as to increase judgements of how good explanations are thought to be, as well as the perceived likelihood of adherence. The results showed some benefits of providing additional explanatory information.

Magnetic and optical characterization of Mn-doped PbS nanocrystals supported in oxide glass matrix

The evidence of successful growth of Mn-doped PbS (Pb(1-x)Mn(x)S) nanocrystals (NCs) in SiO(2)-Na(2)CO(3)-Al(2)O(3)-PbO(2)-B(2)O(3) template, using the fusion method, is reported on in this study. The as-grown Pb(1-x)Mn(x)S NC is characterized using optical absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy. The data are discussed in terms of two distinct scenarios, namely a core-doped and a shell-doped nanostructure. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of PbS impurity on crystallization mechanism of phosphate glasses studied by differential scanning calorimetry

In this work, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study effect of PbS impurity on crystallization mechanism of phosphate glasses. Bulk glasses presented one crystallization peak while powdered glasses presented two distinct crystallization peaks. For both undoped and doped glasses were determined the activation energies for the crystallization and the Avrami n parameters. The activation energies for undoped phosphate glass were 336 +/- 6 and 213 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), respectively, associated with first and second crystallization peaks. For doped glass, the obtained energies were 373 +/- 9 and 286 +/- 7 kJ mol(-1). The calculated Avrami parameters, based on first crystallization peaks, for undoped and doped glasses were 2.25 +/- 0.01 and 1.75 +/- 0.02, respectively. These values suggest that the first DSC peak, in both glasses, may be associated with surface crystallization. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

The light-cone gauge without prescriptions

Feynman integrals in the physical light-cone gauge are more difficult to solve than their covariant counterparts. The difficulty is associated with the presence of unphysical singularities due to the inherent residual gauge freedom in the intermediate boson propagators constrained within this gauge choice. In order to circumvent these non-physical singularities, the headlong approach has always been to call for mathematical devices - prescriptions - some successful and others not. A more elegant approach is to consider the propagator from its physical point of view, that is, an object obeying basic principles such as causality. Once this fact is realized and carefully taken into account, the crutch of prescriptions can be avoided altogether. An alternative, third approach, which for practical computations could dispense with prescriptions as well as avoiding the necessity of careful stepwise consideration of causality, would be of great advantage. and this third option is realizable within the context of negative dimensions, or as it has been coined, the negative dimensional integration method (NDIM).

Assessment of pharmacotherapeutic safety of medical prescriptions for elderly residents in a long-term care facility

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of elderly using potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and with occurrence of potentially hazardous drug interactions (PHDI), to identify the risk factors for the prescription of PIM and to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical intervention (PI) for the prescription of safer therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed in a long-term care facility in São Paulo State, between December/2010 and January/2011. The medical records of the patients >= 60 years old who took any drugs were consulted to assess the pharmacotherapeutic safety of the medical prescriptions, in order to identify PIM and PHDI, according to the Beers (2003) and World Health Organization criteria, respectively. PI consisted of a guidance letter to the physician responsible for the institution, with the suggestions of safer equivalent therapeutics. Approximately 88% of the elderly took at least one drug, and for 30% of them the PIM had been prescribed. Most of the PIM identified (53.4%) act on the central nervous system. Among the 13 different DI detected, 6 are considered PHDI. Polypharmacy was detected as a risk factor for PIM prescription. After the PI there was no change in medical prescriptions of patients who had been prescribed PIM or PHDI. The data suggests that PI performed by letter, as the only interventional, method was ineffective. To contribute it a wide dissemination of PIM and PHDI among prescriber professionals is necessary for the selection of safer treatment for elderly. Additionally, a pharmacist should be part of the health care team in order to help promote rational use of medicines.

The integrationist revival: a return to Prebisch's policy prescriptions

Includes bibliography

Styles of development and education: a stocktaking of myths, prescriptions and potentialities

Includes bibliography

The international financial crisis: diagnoses and prescriptions

Includes bibliography