An essential need: creating opportunities for veterinary students and graduates to gain an appreciation of responsibilities and opportunities in global veterinary issues

Globalisation trends and biorterrorism issues have led to new concerns relating to public health, animal health, international trade and food security. There is an imperative to internationalise and strengthen global public health capacity by renewed emphasis on veterinary public health in veterinary education and increasing opportunities for elective experiential learning in public practice programmes for veterinary students. Recent experience with a US-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program is used as an example of potential ways in which veterinary students can gain an appreciation for global veterinary issues.

First defection of the equine herpesvirus 1 neuropathogenic variant in Brazil

This report describes the first detection of an equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) neuropathogenic variant (G 2254/D 752) in Brazil from a case of fatal equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in a mare. The results of nucleotide sequencing of the EHV-1 ORF30 gene showed that two other Brazilian EHV-1 isolates from EHM cases are representatives of the non-neuropathogenic variant (A 2254/N 752), suggesting that other unidentified factors are probably also involved in the neuropathogenicity of EHV-1 in horses. These findings will contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of EHV-1 infection in Brazil.

O efeito de dois modelos de treinamento contínuo ou intervalado sobre metabolismo muscular e capacidade aeróbia de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da resposta vacinal contra o herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) nos parâmetros reprodutivos de vacas receptoras de embrião

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prevalência da língua azul em ovinos da região de Araçatuba – São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As linguagens documentais para as bibliotecas escolares: o caso da Espanha, Portugal e Brasil

This article analyzes the specific features and processes of indexing and classification performed in school libraries to process and retrieve information from their collections. Subject languages used in Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese school libraries are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the concept of school library was analyzed, its function was studied and the techniques and tools that allow the information organization were examined. Among the tools, we studied the Subject Headings Lists for children and juveniles’ books and the Subject Headings List for public libraries, the Universal Decimal Classification System (paperback edition) or the classification by fields of interest and specialized thesauri like the Tesauro de la Educación UNESCO-OIE and the TesauroEuropeo de la Educación.

Development of a peptide ELISA for the diagnosis of Equine arteritis virus

A peptide-based indirect ELISA was developed to detect antibodies against Equine arteritis virus (EAV). Two peptides for epitope C of protein GP5 and fragment E of protein M were designed, synthesized, purified and used as antigens either alone or combined. Ninety-two serum samples obtained from the 2010 Equine viral arteritis outbreak, analyzed previously by virus neutralization, were evaluated by the ELISA here developed. The best resolution was obtained using peptide GP5. The analysis of the inter- and intraplate variability showed that the assay was robust. The results allow concluding that this peptide-based ELISA is a good alternative to the OIE-prescribed virus neutralization test because it can be standardized between laboratories, can serve as rapid screening, can improve the speed of diagnosis of EAV-negative horses and can be particularly useful for routine surveillance in large populations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Programa de erradicação da febre aftosa no estado de São Paulo: avaliação dos dados oficiais obtidos no período de 1997 a 2012

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da diarreia viral bovina em suínos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Linguagens documentais para as bibliotecas escolares: o caso da Espanha, Portugal e Brasil

This article analyzes the specific features and processes of indexing and classification performed in school libraries to process and retrieve information from their collections. Subject languages used in Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese school libraries are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the concept of school library was analyzed, its function was studied and the techniques and tools that allow the information organization were examined. Among the tools, we studied the Subject Headings Lists for children and juveniles'books and the Subject Headings List for public libraries, the Universal Decimal Classification System (paperback edition) or the classification by fields of interest and specialized thesauri like the Tesauro de la Educacion UNESCO-OIE and the TesauroEuropeo de la Educacion.

The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis From Infected Wildlife Populations: A New Zealand Scenario

The Animal Health Board (AHB) is the agency responsible for controlling bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in New Zealand. In 2000, the AHB embarked on a strategy designed to reduce the annual period prevalence of Tb infected cattle and farmed deer herds from 1.67% to 0.2% by 2012/13. Under current rules of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) this would allow New Zealand to claim freedom from Tb. The epidemiology of Tb in New Zealand is largely influenced by wildlife reservoirs of infection and control of Tb vector populations is central to the elimination of Tb from New Zealand’s cattle and deer herds. The AHB has classified New Zealand’s land area into Vector Risk Areas (VRAs) where Tb is established in wildlife (currently 39%) and Vector Free Areas (VFAs) where the disease is not established (61%). Within the VRAs the introduced Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the primary wildlife maintenance host and the main source of infection for domestic cattle and deer herds. Southland is a region of New Zealand with a long history of wildlife associated Tb. Progress in reducing infected herd numbers has been impressive in recent years, primarily due to an intensive possum control program. As a result of this reduction, the focus is now shifting to that of providing increasing levels of confidence that Tb is absent from the remaining susceptible wildlife. High levels of confidence of Tb freedom in wildlife will allow the AHB to reduce the wildlife control programs and ultimately cease control altogether, with minimal risk of Tb reemerging. This paper examines the strategies being utilized to provide that confidence. The types of data, the format in which it is collected and the methods of analysis and review are outlined.

Validation of a new proposal of quantitative sperm culture for industrialized bull semen

The Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) has discussed the mandatory culture of industrialized semen, both to ensure biosefety, and to prevent in vitro fertilization problems caused by oocyte contamination with ubiquitous and opportunistic bacteria from preputial microbiota. Pour plate, a quantitative technique recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), is operationally difficult and costly for routine analysis in Artificial Insemination Centers (AICs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate and validate viable superficial bacteria counts (VSBC), in CFU/mL, compared with pour plate counts, in industrialized bull semen samples from AICs. Semen straws from Projeto Hungria - MAPA bulls were used. VSBC and pour plate were carried out in parallel in serial dilutions of the samples, from 10(-1) to 10(-5). CFU/mL means or medians recorded in each dilution and technique were compared, and no statistical differences were observed between the two techniques regarding the quantification of bacteria in CFU/mL, suggesting that it may be possible to replace pour plate for CBSV, a cheaper and more practical technique.

International horse movements and spread of equine diseases: Equine Infectious Anaemia and Glanders - two examples

International trade with horses is important and continuously increasing. Therefore the risk of spread of infectious diseases is permanently present. Within this context the worldwide situation of equine vector-borne diseases and of other diseases which are notifiable to the World Organisation of Animal Health (OIE), is described. Furthermore it provides estimates of the numbers of horse movements between these countries, as well as information on import requirements and preventive measures for reducing the risk of disease spread. According to TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System of the European Union) data from 2009 and 2010 81 horses per week were imported from North America into Europe, 42 horses per week from South America, 11 horses per week from the North of Africa and the African horse sichness free-zone of South Africa, 28 per week from the Middle East and the rest of Asia and approximately 4 horses per week from Australia / Oceania. Trade within the European Union resulted amongst others in the introduction of Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA) from Roma- nia into other European countries. Another example is the suspected case of glanders which occurred after importation of horses from Leb- anon via France and Germany into Switzerland in July 2011.

A pilot study for targeted surveillance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Nigeria.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), popularly known as 'mad cow disease', led to an epidemic in Europe that peaked in the mid-1990s. Its impact on developing countries, such as Nigeria, has not been fully established as information on livestock and surveillance has eluded those in charge of this task. The BSE risk to Nigeria's cattle population currently remains undetermined, which has resulted in international trade restrictions on commodities from the cattle population. This is mainly because of a lack of updated BSE risk assessments and disease surveillance data. To evaluate the feasibility of BSE surveillance in Nigeria, we carried out a pilot study targeting cattle that were presented for emergency or casualty slaughter. In total, 1551 cattle of local breeds, aged 24 months and above were clinically examined. Ataxia, recumbency and other neurological signs were topmost on our list of criteria. A total of 96 cattle, which correspond to 6.2%, presented clinical signs that supported a suspect of BSE. The caudal brainstem tissues of these animals were collected post-mortem and analysed for the disease-specific form of the prion protein using a rapid test approved by the International Animal Health Organization (OIE). None of the samples were positive for BSE. Although our findings do not exclude the presence of BSE in Nigeria, they do demonstrate that targeted sampling of clinically suspected cases of BSE is feasible in developing countries. In addition, these findings point to the possibility of implementing clinical monitoring schemes for BSE and potentially other diseases with grave economic and public health consequences.

La representación social del alumno : Fortalezas y debilidades según la percepción del docente

Temática: En el marco del Observatorio de las concepciones de los docentes y futuros docentes con respecto a los distintos grupos socioculturales y étnicos de la Provincia de Santa Fe, IRICE/CONICET, OIE/UNESCO, la ponencia presentada aborda las representaciones de los docentes respecto de las fortalezas y las debilidades de los alumnos y su atribución causal. Objetivos: - Relevar continuidades y rupturas en las representaciones sociales de los docentes respecto de los alumnos y - Comprender cambios y permanencias de la relación familia escuela a través de la atribución causal de las fortalezas y debilidades percibidas en los alumnos. Metodología: El estudio -descriptivo e interpretativo - se realizó a partir del análisis de las respuestas a preguntas abiertas dadas por los docentes de escuelas que atienden a alumnos procedentes de diversos grupos socioculturales. Las características personales reconocidas como propias de sus alumnos así como las causas a las cuales atribuyen el desarrollo de sus comportamientos fueron categorizados según la orientación valorativa dominante. Resultados: El trabajo presentado re-construye una representación del alumno a partir de las regularidades y particularidades de sus comportamientos y de los factores a los cuales atribuyen su constitución considerándolos como rasgos potencialmente facilitadores y/u obstaculizadores para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje según los decires de los docentes. Las respuestas prototípicas de los docentes respecto de las fortalezas de los alumnos muestran una mayor valoración de comportamientos asociados al logro y a la autonomía personales orientados hacia la realización personal respecto de aquellos que expresan modos de 'ser' y 'estar' con otros para la satisfacción de la necesidad de la interacción social y bienestar del grupo. Los rasgos y actitudes que obstaculizan el desarrollo de comportamientos valorados para responder a las expectativas de logro de los objetivos educativos propuestos son evaluados como debilidades de los alumnos. Se definen por la ausencia de las características personales valoradas tanto con relación a las orientaciones de los comportamientos de los alumnos hacia la realización personal o hacia las relaciones interpersonales. Con relación a las fortalezas y debilidades manifiestas, se observó como un mismo rasgo asume un carácter de facilitador u obstaculizador según el valor que lo define y orienta configurando tensiones en la valorización de las características que contribuyen al logro de expectativas pedagógicas y especialmente de las estrategias didácticas que favorecen su expresión constituyendo escenarios particulares. Los docentes atribuyen la mayoría de las 'debilidades' de sus alumnos a necesidades no satisfechas por la familia. Esta es considerada como causa de las múltiples 'faltas de-' donde reconocen la permanencia de aquellas relativas al orden de lo económico pero se incluyen también demandas socioafectivas no satisfechas. No sólo las familias desfavorecidas económicamente son las responsables directas de las debilidades de los alumnos sino también las familias pertenecientes a las clases medias, visualizándose una ampliación de la responsabilidad familiar en las debilidades de la mayoría de los alumnos. La relación familia-escuela aparece fracturada y esta fractura se ensancha aún más a través de expresiones que consideran a los padres y madres de los alumnos más como un obstáculo que como colaboradores en la tarea educativa. Conclusiones: La atribución causal de las debilidades y fortalezas evidencia una tensión respecto a expectativas de rol de la familia y la escuela, visibilizando aquellos aspectos como continuidades y rupturas constitutivas y constituyentes de las representaciones sociales que orientan comportamientos. Entre los docentes encuestados estas 'partituras' se constituyen con un 'adentro' conformado por las necesidades y valores personales del docente y las expectativas de la comunidad educativa, la integración de este 'adentro' con un 'afuera' polifónico genera percepciones de condiciones obstaculizadoras o facilitadoras del aprendizaje como fortalezas o debilidades de los alumnos que condicionan el rol profesionalcon un 'afuera' polifónico genera percepciones de condiciones obstaculizadoras o facilitadoras del aprendizaje como fortalezas o debilidades de los alumnos que condicionan el rol profesional