98 resultados para OBSOLESCENCE
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Real estate depreciation continues to be a critical issue for investors and the appraisal profession in the UK in the 1990s. Depreciation-sensitive cash flow models have been developed, but there is a real need to develop further empirical methodologies to determine rental depreciation rates for input into these models. Although building quality has been found to be an important explanatory variable in depreciation it is very difficult to incorporate it into such models or to analyse it retrospectively. It is essential to examine previous depreciation research from real estate and economics in the USA and UK to understand the issues in constructing a valid and pragmatic way of calculating rental depreciation. Distinguishing between 'depreciation' and 'obsolescence' is important, and the pattern of depreciation in any study can be influenced by such factors as the type (longitudinal or crosssectional) and timing of the study, and the market state. Longitudinal studies can analyse change more directly than cross-sectional studies. Any methodology for calculating rental depreciation rate should be formulated in the context of such issues as 'censored sample bias', 'lemons' and 'filtering', which have been highlighted in key US literature from the field of economic depreciation. Property depreciation studies in the UK have tended to overlook this literature, however. Although data limitations and constraints reduce the ability of empirical property depreciation work in the UK to consider these issues fully, 'averaging' techniques and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression can both provide a consistent way of calculating rental depreciation rates within a 'cohort' framework.
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Location is of paramount importance within the retail sector, yet defining locational obsolescence remains overlooked, despite significant concerns over the viability of parts of the complex sector. This paper reviews the existing literature and, through this, explores retail locational obsolescence, including the multi-spatial nature of the driving forces that range from the global economy, local markets and submarkets, to individual property-specific factors; and, crucially, the need to disentangle locational obsolescence from other important concepts such as depreciation and functional obsolescence that are often mistakenly used. Through this, a conceptual model, definition and diagnostic criteria are presented to guide future studies, policy development and the allocation of resources. Importantly, three stages are presented to enable the operationalization of the model, essential to future academic and industry studies as well as the ongoing development of policy in this economically important, complex and contentious area.
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In this paper, a simple relation between the Leimkuhler curve and the mean residual life is established. The result is illustrated with several models commonly used in informetrics, such as exponential, Pareto and lognormal. Finally, relationships with some other reliability concepts are also presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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In my last rustication, I opined the details of the 300-page Google Book Deal settlement made in late 2008 between Google and authors and publishers vis-à-vis Google’s massive digitization scheme (those cases, viz., Authors Guild et al v. Google and McGraw-Hill et al v. Google).
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Do you recall the myth about the Golden Apples of Deceit? It seems instructive to me during these trying, tense technological times. Atalanta had been warned by the god Apollo that she would lose herself if ever she married so she determined not to.
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While researching something else, I ran across an item in a business journal my eye ran across another item. In research this is called serendipity, something we do not hear so much about any more these days.
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While the book has been with us for two millennia, digital artifact threaten its permanence. Now we being to wonder if it has a future at all.
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The declaration that print books are dead may have been premature.
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A modernização da Marinha do Brasil se faz necessária em face de fatores relacionados à obsolescência dos meios, incremento tecnológico e outros incentivos de ordem doméstica e internacional. No caso brasileiro, apesar de haverem diversos programas de reaparelhamento desde a proclamação da república, os programas de maior envergadura e que geraram resultados importantes ocorreram em 1910, 1977 e 2007. O Reaparelhamento da Marinha do Brasil responde principalmente a incentivos de ordem sistêmica e doméstica. A sua efetividade é o principal objetivo de um programa de incremento material, e muito mais do que orientação à defesa da pátria, os objetivos expressos na grande estratégia de um país devem preceder a decisão de repotencialização da Força. O trabalho utiliza a metodologia histórico comparativa, por meio do método denominado Process Tracing. Essa incipiente metodologia permite verificar as evidências ao longo de processos e verificar a hierarquização de cada fator por meio de testes empíricos baseados na minuciosa descrição histórica dos casos. As teorias realistas buscam explicações para o comportamento dos países em relação ao Sistema Internacional. O ambiente anárquico em que se encontram os países definem suas preferências, mas o aspecto doméstico responde fortemente a esses incentivos sistêmicos e justifica as diferentes conduções de políticas externas em ambiente similar. A teoria neoclássica considera os fatores domésticos como intervenientes neste processo. Por meio do modelo desenvolvido por Schweller (2006), este trabalho verificou que o aspecto sistêmico é determinante para o reaparelhamento da Marinha, e no âmbito doméstico o consenso e coesão das elites são necessárias, entretanto a coesão social passou de coadjuvante a uma das condições necessárias a partir do início do século XXI no processo de reaparelhamento.
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The development of the digital setting has made it absolutely necessary to revise copyright legislation as a whole, including the exceptions that benefit libraries and similar institutions. Unfortunately, adaptation to the new technological reality is not taking place satisfactorily in most countries - the predominating trend is a refortification of copyright as opposed to user interests, and the maintenance of a certain pre-digital philosophy. In the case of Ibero-America the problem is twofold: aside from obsolescence or a lack of adaptation to the new technological setting, there are countries that have not yet included library-related exceptions in the national laws. Moreover, these happen to be developing countries, whose needs and interests do not coincide with those of the richer nations who paved the path to be followed by international treaties and copy- or copyright agreements. This study looks into the situation of exceptions to copyright to benefit libraries in the countries constituting Ibero-America, with a comparative analysis of the most significant characteristics of their national laws. It is concluded that it is crucial for these countries to take advantage of the options offered through the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996 and the results of the WIPO Development Agenda to update their legislation, in order that copyright will be respected, while at the same time making it easier for libraries to continue carrying out their social function in an adequate manner, always with the understanding of the developmental context of these countries.
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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC
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Ao longo de muitos anos os recursos orçamentários destinados às instituições federais de ensino no Brasil vêm se tornando cada vez mais insuficientes para a manutenção e o desenvolvimento do ensino. Diante desse cenário nacional, as IFES foram estimuladas pelo Governo de FHC a buscarem fontes alternativas de recursos em outras empresas públicas e privadas visando amenizar as crises financeiras por estas enfrentadas. Seguindo o que preceitua a Teoria Contingencial, as organizações tiveram que se adaptar aos ambientes externos buscando diversos mecanismos de captação de recursos, sobretudo por meio dos órgãos de fomento, a UFPA se insere nesse cenário. Neste estudo analisa-se o financiamento empreendido na UFPA, no período de 2005 a 2010. Referimo-nos aos recursos advindos do Tesouro/Ministério da Educação (MEC), como também os recursos oriundos de outras fontes adquiridos por meio de captação externa mediante a contribuição de outros órgãos federais e ou empresas privadas. Este trabalho pesquisou os aspectos da contabilidade pública, especificamente financiamento das IFES, com o foco nas verbas de outros custeios e capital (OCC) da UFPA, excluído o grupo de despesa de pessoal. Para esta análise, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como uma pesquisa descritiva, realizada mediante análise de documentos oficiais envolvendo as formas de financiamento na UFPA. Portanto, foram analisadas as condicionalidades financeiras executadas no período supramencionado e que envolveram o processo de financiamento dos programas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, e buscou-se compreender as aplicações dos recursos resultantes desse processo de financiamento externo como instrumento de diferenciação na UFPA. Deste total de financiamento, 77% representam os Recursos Externos, sendo que a FADESP, gerencia valores bastante consideráveis dentro do cenário de financiamento dos recursos captados, cujos valores vêm colaborando para o cumprimento da missão da UFPA, demonstrando com isso, que eles se relacionam e complementam os recursos advindos do Tesouro/MEC. A captação de recursos na UFPA é bastante expressiva, porém concentrada na área da pesquisa científica, que embora apresente reflexos positivos na UFPA contribuindo para a pesquisa, extensão e graduação, torna-as dependentes de tais recursos. Sendo assim, será necessário constituir uma nova forma de compor as receitas da universidade, captar recursos diretamente na sociedade, diversificando as fontes para que se proporcione suporte econômico à instituição, evitando-se com isso que a universidade vivencie sucateamento gradual de sua infraestrutura e obsolescência de equipamentos, comprometimento de suas ações e, em consequência, sua sustentabilidade não apenas financeira, mas também a econômica, não ficando assim dependente de uma fonte exclusiva de provimento de recursos.
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Deconstructions, although hardly covered in Civil Engineering courses, are a very important field of study. Due to numerous factors, such as obsolescence, buildings life cycle comes to an end leading to their deactivations. Decommissioning is a process that intends to plan the hole deactivation by providing the cleaning of contaminated areas, avoiding risks to public health, as well as promoting a screening of generated waste, whether dangerous or not, offering their correct disposal or even reuse when possible. Decommissioning must be developed by a plan that covers from the recognition of the area until its releases to other uses. When this procedure is appropriate, attention must be paid to the cost effective of its implementation and to the cleaning standard that the plan intends to reach. The execution of the service allows to reuse the area, becoming productive again
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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC
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With the development of Digital TV, the equipments are becoming more and more modernized in order to popular- ize the information that soon might reach all Brazilian families. That way, we open a space for discussion about the many directions that the usability applied on ISDB-Tb interactivity (Brazilian System of Digital Television) can take. This paper approaches the questions connected to the concept of usability and also the subjects related to the life cycle of some technologies (existence time, obsolescence) Also talks with the definition of interactivityon Digital Television since it is responsible for the emergence of a new contingent of interacting people which goes from the computer and portable equipments users to the passive TV viewers. It’s possible to conclude that the Human-Digital TV Interaction (HDTVI) comprehends the synergy between three actants on Digital TV: the col- lective (or not) TV viewer; the interface and the issuer who can be represented by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) service.