Land, rights and the gift: the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 and the negotiation of citizenship

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act came into force at the end of 2000 with,as part of its content, new provisions relating to public access to the English and Welsh countryside. In this paper we review the main elements of the Act and assess its meaning in relation to citizenship, territoriality and the place of land in English law and society. We invoke Mauss’s (1954)concept of Gift to explain the process of brokerage being made over access and rights in the countryside. In conclusion we reflect on the Act as being indicative of a wider move towards Bromley’s (1998)post-feudal scenario for land and its governance.

The Gift of the Nile: Hellenizing Egypt from Aeschylus to Alexander

The Egyptians mesmerized the ancient Greeks for scores of years. The Greek literature and art of the classical period are especially thick with representations of Egypt and Egyptians. Yet despite numerous firsthand contacts with Egypt, Greek writers constructed their own Egypt, one that differed in significant ways from actual Egyptian history, society, and culture. Informed by recent work on orientalism and colonialism, this book unravels the significance of these misrepresentations of Egypt in the Greek cultural imagination in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. Looking in particular at issues of identity, otherness, and cultural anxiety, Phiroze Vasunia shows how Greek authors constructed an image of Egypt that reflected their own attitudes and prejudices about Greece itself. He focuses his discussion on Aeschylus Suppliants; Book 2 of Herodotus; Euripides' Helen; Plato's Phaedrus, Timaeus, and Critias; and Isocrates' Busiris. Reconstructing the history of the bias that informed these writings, Vasunia shows that Egypt in these works was shaped in relation to Greek institutions, values, and ideas on such subjects as gender and sexuality, death, writing, and political and ethnic identity. This study traces the tendentiousness of Greek representations by introducing comparative Egyptian material, thus interrogating the Greek texts and authors from a cross-cultural perspective. A final chapter also considers the invasion of Egypt by Alexander the Great and shows how he exploited and revised the discursive tradition in his conquest of the country. Firmly and knowledgeably rooted in classical studies and the ancient sources, this study takes a broad look at the issue of cross-cultural exchange in antiquity by framing it within the perspective of contemporary cultural studies. In addition, this provocative and original work shows how Greek writers made possible literary Europe's most persistent and adaptable obsession: the barbarian.

Kicking a Gift Horse in the Mouth

Yes, of course I know the expression is “Don’t look,” not kicking, but our collective professional behavior makes “kicking” the more operative and appropriate verbal. More about this in due course. As an expression, “don’t look a gift horse in the mouth” comes to us from the Lain, Noli equi dentes inspicere donate. Some argue Jerome said it first in 400 A.D., in which his words, very nearly our Latin literally translated, ran, “Never inspect the teeth of a gift horse.”

Estratégia alimentar com ciclos de restrição e realimentação no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo da linhagem GIFT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de resposta compensatória no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus, linhagem GIFT, submetidos a diferentes estratégias alimentares. Foram utilizados 135 juvenis de tilápia, distribuídos em nove tanques de polietileno de 100L cada. As estratégias testadas foram: grupo controle (alimentado todo dia), grupo alimentado por cinco dias seguidos de dois dias de restrição de alimento (5A/2R) e grupo alimentado por quatro dias seguidos de três dias de restrição de alimento (4A/3R). Foram avaliados parâmetros físico-químicos da água e de desempenho produtivo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A qualidade de água, o fator de condição e a conversão alimentar não foram influenciados pela estratégia alimentar. O grupo alimentado com a estratégia 5A/2R apresentou peso final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico semelhantes ao grupo continuamente alimentado (7,8 e 9,2g; 6,4 e 7,8g e 2,7 e 3,0% dia-1, para peso final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento especifico, respectivamente). A estratégia 4A/3R apresentou os piores resultados de desempenho produtivo, e a estratégia 5A/2R pode ser usada na alimentação de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo sem prejuízo ao desempenho produtivo, possibilitando inclusive redução de até 22,5% na quantidade de alimento ofertada.

Lipid and energy contents in the bodies of queens of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): pre-and post-nuptial flight

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Same-sized fish groups increase aggressive interaction of sex-reversed males Nile tilapia GIFT strain

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Winged leaf-cutting ants on nuptial flights used as transport by Attacobius spiders for dispersal

1. Sexuals of a leaf-cutting ant, Atta bisphaerica Forel, left their nest for nuptial flights in October to December.2. When leaving a nest, 53 of the 479 winged sexuals (or alates) observed (11.1%) carried up to three inquiline spiders of Attacobius luederwaldti.3. Spiders exclusively selected winged sexuals, not workers, and preferred females, indicating their expectation of the stronger flight ability of females. Neither these sexuals nor workers that appeared out of the nest on flight days attempted to remove or attack spiders on the body of alates.4. New qucens landing from their nuptial flight did not carry spiders, indicating that the spiders had left the ants in the sky to be dispersed by wind.5. No spiders were found in more than 100 incipient nests, which were estimated to be 2-3 months old. This suggests that the spiders jumped off the alate during mid-flight and dispersed on the wind to inhabit larger nests.

A homogeneidade de tamanho aumenta as interações agressivas em machos revertidos de tilápia-do-nilo, linhagem GIFT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da temperatura na expressão de genes relacionados ao crescimento muscular em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) linhagem Gift

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Use of mathematical models in the study of bodily growth in GIFT strain Nile tilapia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)