Sjuksköterskans evidensbaserade hygienåtgärder som kan förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudies syfte är att undersöka sjuksköterskans evidensbaserade hygienåtgärder som kan förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner. Artiklarna söktes inom Högskolan Dalarnas bibliotek via databasen Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN). Använda sökord var Infect* and Prevent* and Nurs* and Hygien*. De artiklar vars titel och abstrakt motsvarade studiens syfte genomgick kvalitetsgranskning utifrån 28 stycken på förhand fastställda kriterier, sedan evidensgraderades artiklarna på basen av kvalitetsbedömningen med hjälp av en modifierad graderingsskala. Sammanlagt 15 artiklar uppnådde 60 % av kriterierna i granskningsmallen och användes i resultatet. Resultatet visade att det erhölls starkt vetenskapligt underlag för hygienåtgärd såsom hygienriktlinjer, handhygien, engångshandskar och desinfektion av händerna direkt efter avtagandet av engångshandskar. Studiens resultat visade att dessa fynd förebyggde vårdrelaterade infektioner, vilket var av betydelse då hygienåtgärder utgör grunden för all vård och främjar patientens hälsa, vilket i sin tur är kostnadseffektivt och gynnar den enskilda patienten. Resultatet i föreliggande studie diskuterades utifrån Nightingales omvårdnadsteori.

Who is the 'lovable larikan'? : an historical inquiry using biography and autobiography

Every profession has its myth that defines its self-identity and work culture. For nursing, it's Florence Nightingale; for theatre, Homer and Shakespeare; for medicine, Hippocrates. Australian journalism too, has its myth - that of the hard-working, hard-drinking, aggressive and defiant 'Lovable Larrikin'. But unlike other professions, Australian journalism's 'myth' cannot be pinned down to one historical figure. It is therefore difficult to investigate the 'real' story behind the myth. Using an open-coding analysis of biographical and autobiographical material, this paper aims to detect larrikin-like characteristics among early Australian journalists (Colonial era to, and including, the interwar period), to identify significant people and events that developed larrikinism as a specific Australian journalism identity.

Engaging clinicians in research: Issues to consider

The beginning of nursing research is attributed to Florence Nightingale whose research during the Crimean War in the 1850s ultimately shaped health care, including nursing practice. Modern research, like clinical care, is influenced by technological, societal, organisational and environmental changes. However, ‘nursing research’ is a simple term that may not encompass complex inter-related concepts and practices and various research methods: quantitative, qualitative, implementation science, evaluation and audit. All research methods follow a similar basic ‘research process,’ but the way the process is applied and rigor is demonstrated differs among the methods. All nurses must engage in research on some level, given they practice in a climate of evidence-based care and are expected to adhere to evidence-based protocols and guidelines. In addition, they need to be able to implement evidence-based best practice and use clinical judgement to treat each person as an individual.

Composition of fuel stores and digestive limitations to fuel deposition rate in the long-distance migratory thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia

During their autumn migratory phase, thrush nightingales (Luscinia luscinia) previously starved for 2 d were allowed to refuel under three different ambient temperature conditions (-7 degrees, 7 degrees, and 22 degrees C). During the refueling period, as well as during the preceding control and starvation periods, food intake, body mass, and feces production were monitored. In addition, daily energy expenditure was measured during the refueling period. The compilation of the energy balance during the refueling period revealed an energy density of the deposited tissue of 33.6 kJ g-1. Assuming that the deposited tissue consists of fat and protein exclusively, with energy densities of 39.6 and 5.5 kJ g-1 wet mass, respectively, we estimated the deposited tissue to consist of 82% fat and 18% wet protein (6% dry protein and 12% water). Nitrogen balances during control, starvation, and refueling phases and during a period of prolonged and complete starvation indicated that 5% of the nutrient stores consisted of dry protein. Our results support recent findings that nutrient stores for migration often contain protein in addition to fat and consequently are 15%-25% less energy rich than pure fat stores. These proteins might be stored as muscle or other functional tissue and may be required to support the extra mass of the stores and/or reflect an incapacity of the metabolic machinery to catabolize far exclusively. Fuel deposition rate was positively related with ambient temperature, whereas food intake rate was unaffected by temperature. These results indicate that the rate of fuel deposition is limited by a ceiling in food intake rate; when this ceiling is reached, fuel deposition rate is negatively affected by daily energy expenditure rate. To a certain extent, the ceiling in food intake rate varies depending on feeding conditions over the previous days. These variations in food intake capacity probably reflect the building and breakdown of gut tissues and/or gut enzyme systems and might be insensible and not evolutionary adaptive. Significant energetic costs, however, are probably associated with the maintenance of gut tissues. It is therefore feasible that changes in digestive capacity are regulated and are directed at energy economization.

Wingbeat frequency and the body drag anomaly: wind-tunnel observations on a thrush nightingale (Luscinia Luscinia) and a teal (Anas crecca)

A teal (Anas crecca) and a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) were trained to fly in the Lund wind tunnel for periods of up to 3 and 16 h respectively. Both birds flew in steady flapping flight, with such regularity that their wingbeat frequencies could be determined by viewing them through a shutter stroboscope. When flying at a constant air speed, the teal's wingbeat frequency varied with the 0.364 power of the body mass and the thrush nightingale's varied with the 0.430 power. Both exponents differed from zero, but neither differed from the predicted value (0.5) at the 1 % level of significance. The teal continued to flap steadily as the tunnel tilt angle was varied from -1° (climb) to +6° (descent), while the wingbeat frequency declined progressively by about 11%. In both birds, the plot of wingbeat frequency against air speed in level flight was U-shaped, with small but statistically significant curvature. We identified the minima of these curves with the minimum power speed (Vmp) and found that the values predicted for Vmp, using previously published default values for the required variables, were only about two-thirds of the observed minimum-frequency speeds. The discrepancy could be resolved if the body drag coefficients (CDb) of both birds were near 0.08, rather than near 0.40 as previously assumed. The previously published high values for body drag coefficients were derived from wind-tunnel measurements on frozen bird bodies, from which the wings had been removed, and had long been regarded as anomalous, as values below 0.01 are given in the engineering literature for streamlined bodies. We suggest that birds of any size that have well-streamlined bodies can achieve minimum body drag coefficients of around 0.05 if the feet can be fully retracted under the flank feathers. In such birds, field observations of flight speeds may need to be reinterpreted in the light of higher estimates of Vmp. Estimates of the effective lift:drag ratio and range can also be revised upwards. Birds that have large feet or trailing legs may have higher body drag coefficients. The original estimates of around CDb=0.4 could be correct for species, such as pelicans and large herons, that also have prominent heads. We see no evidence for any progressive reduction of body drag coefficient in the Reynolds number range covered by our experiments, that is 21600-215 000 on the basis of body cross-sectional diameter.

Avaliação em saúde coletiva nos cursos de enfermagem da Cascavel - PR

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Os retratos do Paraíso: a desconstrução do mito epopéico : uma análise da expedição Langsdorff através do discurso iconográfico de Hercule Florence

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

A produção científica sobre diagnóstico de enfermagem NANDA no Brasil: revisão integrativa da literatura-UNESP – Botucatu

Concern about the identity of nursing professionals has existed since Florence Nightingale. The exercise of the nursing profession must be based on scientific principles so that the actual health problems of a given community can be assessed and actions targeted at improving the population’s quality of life can be designed from such assessments. This problem assessment is referred to as Nursing Diagnosis. NANDA defines diagnosis as “a clinical judgment about individual, family or community responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which nurses are accountable”. The present study aimed at investigating the scientific production on Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA). This is an literature review. For data collection, an instrument that addressed the following items was used: identification of original articles and evaluation of their objectives, methodological characteristics, results and conclusion. In the present review, 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. They were all authored by nurses. Four articles addressed obstetrics, puerperium and neonatology, and the diagnosis of an unsatisfactory breastfeeding process was observed in 100% of cases. As regards chronic diseases, four articles were found, and two exclusively addressed diabetes, with a main diagnosis of an ineffective control of the therapeutic regimen. Three articles addressed the elderly, and the main diagnosis found was hindered mobility in more than 90% of cases. As regards, sexually transmitted diseases, one article was found with three diagnoses with 100% for disturbed sleep patterns, infection risk and ineffective protection. As to patients with sequelae, two articles were identified, and the diagnoses found were hindered physical mobility, with 100%; self-care deficit for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Florence Evelyn Willis Goodson Papers - Accession 298 - M125 (159)

The Florence Evelyn Willis Goodson Papers consist of newspaper clippings, program notes, photographs, postcards, and lecture notes relating to Mrs. Goodson’s nursing training at McLeod Infirmary in Florence, SC.