New Standards of Justice: Uncovering Motivations for Mexico’s Recent Judicial Reforms amid a Security Crisis

From the introduction: Mexico is in a state of siege. In recent years, organized crime and drug-related violence have escalated dramatically, taking innocent lives and leaving the country mired in bloodshed. The Mexican government, under the leadership of President Felipe Calderón, has responded in part by significantly extending the reach of its security operations, deploying thousands of federal police officers and military troops to combat the activities of drug cartels, and collaborating with the United States on an extensive regional security plan known as the Mérida Initiative. In the midst of the security crisis, however, the government has somewhat paradoxically adopted judicial reforms that protect human rights and civil liberties rather than erode them, specifically the presumption of innocence standard in criminal proceedings and the implementation of oral trials. Assuming that the new laws on the books will be applied in practice, these reforms represent an important commitment on the part of the government to uphold human rights and civil liberties. This is in stark contrast to the infamous judicial reforms in Colombia—the institutionalization of anonymous or “faceless” prosecutions in special courts—implemented after a surge in leftist and cartel brutality, and the murders of several prominent public and judicial officials in the 1980s.

The Lieber Code and the regulation of civil war in international law

In this paper, we consider one particularly interesting feature of the Lieber Code, which is the fact that it was drawn up by the U.S. Government to regulate the conduct of its armed forces in a civil war. In so doing, we hope to explore the extent to which there may be links between the Lieber Code and the contemporary regulation of non-international armed conflicts. In particular, we explore some similarities and contrasts between the views on the regulation of civil war that existed at the time of the drafting of the Lieber Code and the position that exists today.

A new code for the Hall-driven magnetic evolution of neutron stars

Over the past decade, the numerical modeling of the magnetic field evolution in astrophysical scenarios has become an increasingly important field. In the crystallized crust of neutron stars the evolution of the magnetic field is governed by the Hall induction equation. In this equation the relative contribution of the two terms (Hall term and Ohmic dissipation) varies depending on the local conditions of temperature and magnetic field strength. This results in the transition from the purely parabolic character of the equations to the hyperbolic regime as the magnetic Reynolds number increases, which presents severe numerical problems. Up to now, most attempts to study this problem were based on spectral methods, but they failed in representing the transition to large magnetic Reynolds numbers. We present a new code based on upwind finite differences techniques that can handle situations with arbitrary low magnetic diffusivity and it is suitable for studying the formation of sharp current sheets during the evolution. The code is thoroughly tested in different limits and used to illustrate the evolution of the crustal magnetic field in a neutron star in some representative cases. Our code, coupled to cooling codes, can be used to perform long-term simulations of the magneto-thermal evolution of neutron stars.

The Civil Code of the Federal District and territories. A translation, with an appendix as to the civil codes of the various Mexican states, explanatory notes, etc.

Index: p. [i]-ix.

Rules of civil practice as amended. : (July, 1946).

Mode of access: Internet.

A treatise on the law of sale of personal property with references to the American decisions and to the French code and civil law

Spine title: Benjamin on sales.

Reorganization plan no. 1 of 1958--to consolidate the Office of Defense Mobilization and the Federal Civil Defense Administration in a new Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization in the Executive Office of the President. Report to accompany S. Res. 297.

Mode of access: Internet.

The building code of the city of New York ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Code of ethics, to establish better relations between ranchers and land-owners and oil and gas companies in carrying on explorations and development operations in southeastern New Mexico (Chaves, Eddy, Lea and Roosevelt counties)

"This Code ... shall be known as the Southeastern New Mexico Code of Ethics." Cf. p. 6.

Procedure for condition survey of civil airports /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual report of the New York State Civil Service Commission.

Some volumes have distinctive titles.

First-Fourth report of the Commissioners on practice and pleadings

Imprint of v. 2-4: Albany, Weed, Parsons & co., public printers, 1849

Regulations, part 40 : farm labor contractor registration : subpart A-registration : subpart B-administrative proceedings : title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations : registration requirements and administrative proceedings including assessment, notice, and collection of civil money penalties for violations.

Item 780