‘‘An old quarrel between us that will never be at an end": Middleton’s Women Beware Women and Late Jacobean Religious Politics

In this article, I examine Thomas Middleton's Women Beware Women as a response to the particular religio-political context in the years surrounding 1621. The onset of the Thirty Years War in 1618 and the subsequent humiliation of James' son-in-law Frederick, Elector of Palatine, the vexed question of a possible Catholic marriage for Charles, Prince of Wales, the ever present difficulty of Anglo-Catholic relations, particularly with Spain, as well as growing religious factionalism within the Church of England between Calvinists and Arminians: all contributed towards a culturally febrile atmosphere, one to which, as I will argue, Middleton was well placed to respond. Given Middleton's Calvinistic beliefs, I suggest that Women Beware Women offers an acerbic examination of contemporary debates concerning human will, especially women's will, as well as promoting a sceptically apocalyptic anti-Catholic agenda throughout. I also examine the religious language and imagery used to construct Bianca as the whore of Babylon, and argue that her emergence and fall offer a political commentary on the precarious position of the English Church around 1621.

Seen but never heard: rethinking approaches to researching racism and young children

This paper is concerned with the methodology underlying attempts to understand the nature and impact of racism among young children. In drawing upon data gathered from a year-long ethnographic study of five- and six-year-old children in an English multi-ethnic, inner-city primary school, the paper provides a critique of traditional approaches to the study of racial attitudes among young children. It is argued that such research has been conceived through the articulation of two, inter-related discourses on children and on 'race'; the former couched in traditional socialisation and developmental models of childhood with their tendency to neglect the agency and social competency of young children and the latter being embedded within essentialist notions of 'race' and ethnicity that tend to deny the contingent and context-specific nature of racialised identities. The paper argues that the result of this has been that while children have often been the objects of research they have rarely been the subjects; in other words they are often seen but never heard. The paper argues for the need to move beyond the methodological confines set by these discourses and rethink alternative approaches that begin with the assumption that young children are socially competent. One such approach, drawing upon ethnographic methods and fore-grounding the importance of largely unstructured small group interviews with young children, is illustrated. Through the use of a number of examples, it is shown how this approach can help to emphasise the ability of children as young as five and six to respond to and negotiate their social worlds and more specifically within this the competency with which they are able to appropriate, rework and reproduce a number of discourses on 'race' to make sense of their own social experiences. In doing this the paper also illustrates the way in which it provides a methodology able to draw out and highlight the contradictions, contingency and complexity of racialised identities among young children. Ultimately, it is an approach concerned with placing the children themselves central within the research processes and foregrounding their voices and experiences.

We Never Give Up II

Ten years after the production of the initial 'We Never Give Up' film, this documentary filmis a follow-up film about the experiences of ten survivors of South Africa apartheid and their struggle for reparations. Produced by the Human Rights Media Centre, Cape Town, the film was directed and filmed by Cahal McLaughlin in a collaborative relationship with Khulumani Support Group Western Cape.

Further Information:

This documentary film, produced with the Human Rights Media Centre, Cape Town, and in collaboration with Khulumani Support Group Western Cape, is the ten-year follow up to We Never Give Up (2002), which addressed the issues of reparations as dealt with by the South African government and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. We Never Give Up II (2012) returns to these themes and to the same participants, asking how life has changed in the interim. The process of collaborative practices acknowledges the importance of sharing ownership/authorship in the storytelling processes as well as in validating traumatic experiences by those who survived major and sustained political violence. Made over a two-year period, involving close consultation with participants, the film offers insights, by those most directly affected, to what might constitute legal, financial, social and psychological reparations. The film has been screened in Cape Town, Bloemfontain, Zanzibar Film Festival, Belfast (Belfast Film Festival), Brighton, Guildford, Galway and London, always accompanied by discussion of the issues raised in Q&As. To emphasise the importance of the film for debates on policy around reparations, a 25 minute edited version was selected to be screened on SABC on ‘Special Assignment’ by SABC on April 29th, 2013 (South Africa’s ‘Freedom Day’), followed by a debate with Department of Justice spokesperson, Dr Khotso De Wee. The chapter 'Maureen Never Gave Up' in Daniels, McLaughlin and Pearce (eds.) 'Truth, Dare or Promise' (2013) Cambridge Scholars Press (ISBN: 1-4438-4959-6, ISBN 13: 978-1-4438-4959-3, Release Date: 2013-09-01), which analyses the production of this film, is offered as part of the portfolio.

The past never stands still ; negotiating the past and commemorating the Easter Rising in 1966 and 1976

This article looks at the role of commemoration in Northern Ireland before conflict -in the 1960's - and at the height of conflict in the 1970's. Through its comparative examination of Northern Ireland republican commemorations of the 1916 Easter Rising in 1966 and 1976 it is intended to contribute both to an historical and political understanding of commemoration practices in Ireland after partition and to current debates about commemoration and the past in the post-Troubles era.

Peer effects in UK adolescent substance use: Never mind the classmates?

This article estimates peer influences on the alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use of UK adolescents. We present evidence of large, positive and statistically significant peer effects in all three behaviours when classmates are taken as the reference group. We also find large, positive and statistically significant associations between own substance use and friends' substance use. When both reference groups are considered simultaneously, the influence of classmates either disappears or is much reduced, whereas the association between own and friends' behaviours does not change. The suggestion is that classmate behaviour is primarily relevant only inasmuch as it proxies for friends' behaviour.

Avaliação cognitiva em traumatizados crânio-encefálicos ligeiros

O aumento da incidência de traumatismos crânio-encefálicos (TCE) a nível internacional, tem vindo a fomentar o desenvolvimento de estudos neste domínio. O presente estudo pretende determinar a deterioração cognitiva e o estado depressivo em indivíduos com TCE ligeiro e sem TCE; analisar a deterioração cognitiva e o estado depressivo nos indivíduos com TCE ligeiro e sem TCE em relação ao sexo, idade, estado civil, residência e tipo de traumatismo; analisar a relação entre a deterioração cognitiva e o estado depressivo dos indivíduos com TCE e o tipo de traumatismo sofrido. Através de um estudo comparativo, avaliamos uma amostra total de 40 indivíduos, tendo o emparelhamento sido feito entre 2 grupos:  grupo clínico: 20 indivíduos com TCE ligeiro (entre 6 e 18 meses após lesão) com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos;  grupo de controlo: 20 indivíduos sem ter tido TCE ou patologia conducente a handicap psiquiátrico ou neurológico. A deterioração cognitiva foi avaliada através do Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al., 1975-versão portuguesa, adaptada por Guerreiro, 1993) que é um teste constituído por seis grupos que avaliam o defeito cognitivo do sujeito. Também foi utilizada a Bateria de Avaliação Neuropsicológica de Luria- Nebraska / versão experimental portuguesa de Maia, Loureiro e Silva, 2002, traduzida e adaptada de Golden, Hammeke e Purisch, 1979, que é uma bateria que visa avaliar o funcionamento neuropsicológico de indivíduos com manifestações neuropsicológicas. O estado depressivo foi avaliado através do Inventário de Avaliação Clínica da Depressão-IACLIDE (Serra, 1994) que mede a intensidade dos quadros clínicos depressivos, bem como uma ficha de registo individual de dados biográficos e clínicos. Os principais resultados são: Os indivíduos do grupo clínico, ou seja, aqueles que sofreram TCE ligeiro evidenciam maior deterioração cognitiva comparativamente com os que o não sofreram. Aqueles indivíduos também evidenciam estados depressivos significativamente mais graves do que os indivíduos que não sofreram aquele traumatismo. O TCE ligeiro induz um aumento dos sintomas depressivos em termos biológicos, cognitivos, inter-pessoais e desempenho de tarefas e tende a agravar os níveis de depressão endógena e a causar perturbação na relação do indivíduo consigo próprio; O TCE ligeiro conduz a um aumento significativo da incapacidade dos indivíduos para a vida geral, para o trabalho, para a vida social e para a vida familiar; Os indivíduos que sofreram TCE ligeiro evidenciam funções motoras, linguagem expressiva e raciocínio aritmético mais perturbadas que os que o não sofreram; O TCE ligeiro induz alterações neuropsicológicas que diminuem significativamente a capacidade dos mesmos. Os dados obtidos indicam, que os indivíduos que sofreram TCE do sexo feminino evidenciaram alteração cognitiva mais acentuada do que os do sexo masculino; os indivíduos mais velhos que sofreram TCE ligeiro, tendem a evidenciar maior deterioração do estado cognitivo e avaliação neuropsicológica mais baixa; verificamos também que no grupo clínico os indivíduos casados revelaram pior estado neuropsicológico na escala da bateria referente à leitura; os indivíduos que sofreram TCE ligeiro que residiam em aldeias evidenciam níveis mais elevados de depressão do que aqueles que residiam em vilas; por fim, os indivíduos que sofreram traumatismo aberto revelam maiores alterações neuropsicológicas nas funções motoras e visuais, no ritmo e na aritmética comparativamente com os outros.

You Should Never Look a Gift Horse in the Mouth: One-Size-Fits-All Compensation in Wrongful Conception

This article reconsiders the House of Lords decision in Rees v. Darlington Memorial Hospital NHS Trust (2003) and the decision to award a conventional award of £15,000 in all cases of failed sterilisation resulting in the birth of an unwanted child. In so doing, it briefly recites the history of the Wrongful Conception action and the unique facts of Rees. It then goes on the consider the implications of two fundamental aspects of the judgment. Firstly, it looks at the 'conventional award' itself and considers the reasoning behind the award and the effect that it has on our understanding of (particularly women's) reproductive autonomy. Secondly, it analyses the rather 'unique' judgment of Lord Scott and his decision to evaluate these cases using the possessory analogy of an unwanted foal; particular focus is given to the notion of parental 'choice' in these cases and whether mitigation (i.e. abortion or adoption) can ever be considered "reasonable".