Lesão do nervo fibular comum. Avaliação neuronal, muscular e funcional após neurotmese parcial: estudo no rato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sinal eletromiográfico e a identificação da fadiga muscular durante corrida em esteira: diferentes propostas de análise

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reabilitação em cães com atrofia muscular induzida

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Lesões do músculo gastrocnêmio e da junção músculo tendínea em cães afetados pela distrofia muscular progressiva

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do resveratrol sobre o estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em ratos submetidos a esforço físico intenso

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Crescimento compensatório em linhagens de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) cultivadas em ambiente resfriado: morfologia muscular e expressão de genes relacionados ao crescimento muscular

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Respostas metabólicas, morfologia do tecido muscular e expressão dos genes relacionados ao crescimento e à atrofia muscular durante o jejum e realimentação em juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Os efeitos da manipulação do sistema proprioceptivo na locomoção de pessoas com doença de Parkinson com e sem congelamento da marcha: desenvolvimento, otimização e aplicabilidade de um sistema de vibração muscular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do jejum sobre o desempenho zootécnico, crescimento e degradação muscular e alterações hepáticas de juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Início de ativação muscular de estabilizadores primários e a capacidade física para avaliar estabilização lombo-pélvica

Introduction: Due to the high incidence of low back pain without apparent cause, different approaches to evaluate the lumbar instability has been proposed, such as surface electromyography to determine pre-activation and the ability of lumbar stabilization through functional physical assessment. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the early activation of the primary stabilizing muscles in subjects without low back pain, with different physical abilities function (CFF). Method: Study participants were 20 subjects with 19.8 ± 1.4 years, 55.7 ± 8.8 kilos, 1.66 ± 0.08 m, of both sexes. The subjects underwent six Tests Physical Function (TFF) and the Test of Fast Moving Flexion Arm (TMRFB) to capture the electromyographic activity of the lumbar multifidus muscles (LM) and internal oblique - lower fibers (HI). Were assigned weights for each functional test and the result of the physical capacity of the final functional subject ranged from 0 to 100%. In the analysis of TMRB was considered the onset time of activation between the ML and HI. Results: Regarding TFF 2 (10%) subjects were considered to have normal physical capacity, 6 (30%) with good physical ability and 12 (60%) with regular physical capacity or poor. As for TMRFB average values of initiation of muscle activation in 75% of subjects were within the limits to characterize the condition of pre-muscle activation. Conclusion:The results obtained in the TFF were low compared with the CFF of asymptomatic subjects evaluated. This fact does not mean that the condition of stabilization of the subject is appropriate. However, the results obtained in the electromyographic examination to suggest that 25% of asymptomatic subjects tested did not have a proper condition of lumbar stabilization.

Importância dos mastócitos na patogênese da distrofia muscular de Duchenne em cães Golden Retriever

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Differential Expression of Genes Involved in the Degeneration and Regeneration Pathways in Mouse Models for Muscular Dystrophies

The genetically determined muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes coding for muscle proteins. Differences in the phenotypes are mainly the age of onset and velocity of progression. Muscle weakness is the consequence of myofiber degeneration due to an imbalance between successive cycles of degeneration/regeneration. While muscle fibers are lost, a replacement of the degraded muscle fibers by adipose and connective tissues occurs. Major investigation points are to elicit the involved pathophysiological mechanisms to elucidate how each mutation can lead to a specific degenerative process and how the regeneration is stimulated in each case. To answer these questions, we used four mouse models with different mutations causing muscular dystrophies, Dmd (mdx) , SJL/J, Large (myd) and Lama2 (dy2J) /J, and compared the histological changes of regeneration and fibrosis to the expression of genes involved in those processes. For regeneration, the MyoD, Myf5 and myogenin genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells were studied, while for degeneration, the TGF-beta 1 and Pro-collagen 1 alpha 2 genes, involved in the fibrotic cascade, were analyzed. The result suggests that TGF-beta 1 gene is activated in the dystrophic process in all the stages of degeneration, while the activation of the expression of the pro-collagen gene possibly occurs in mildest stages of this process. We also observed that each pathophysiological mechanism acted differently in the activation of regeneration, with distinctions in the induction of proliferation of satellite cells, but with no alterations in stimulation to differentiation. Dysfunction of satellite cells can, therefore, be an important additional mechanism of pathogenesis in the dystrophic muscle.

AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING CORRECTS CAPILLARY RAREFACTION AND ALTERATIONS IN PROPORTIONS OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS TYPES IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

Aerobic exercise training (ET) has been established as an important non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension, since it decreases blood pressure. Studies show that the skeletal muscle abnormalities in hypertension are directly associated with capillary rarefaction, higher percentage of fast-twitch fibers (type II) with glycolytic metabolism predominance and increased muscular fatigue. However, little is known about these parameters in hypertension induced by ET. We hypothesized that ET corrects capillary rarefaction, potentially contributing to the restoration of the proportion of muscle fiber types and metabolic proprieties. Twelve-week old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, n=14) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n=14) were randomly assigned into 4 groups: SHR, trained SHR (SHR-T), WKY and trained WKY (WKY-T). As expected, ten weeks of ET was effective in reducing blood pressure in SHR-T group. In addition, we analyzed the main markers of ET. Resting bradycardia, increase of exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake and citrate synthase enzyme activity in trained groups (WKY-T and SHR-T) showed that the aerobic condition was achieved. ET also corrected the skeletal muscle capillary rarefaction in SHR-T. In parallel, we observed reduction in percentage of type IIA and IIX fibers and simultaneous augmented percentage of type I fibers induced by ET in hypertension. These data suggest that ET prevented changes in soleus fiber type composition in SHR, since angiogenesis and oxidative enzyme activity increased are important adaptations of ET, acting in the maintenance of muscle oxidative metabolism and fiber profile.

Early transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cells from baby teeth to golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs: Local or systemic?

Background:The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs represent the best available animal model for therapeutic trials aiming at the future treatment of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We have obtained a rare litter of six GRMD dogs (3 males and 3 females) born from an affected male and a carrier female which were submitted to a therapeutic trial with adult human stem cells to investigate their capacity to engraft into dogs muscles by local as compared to systemic injection without any immunosuppression. Methods Human Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hIDPSC) were transplanted into 4 littermate dogs aged 28 to 40 days by either arterial or muscular injections. Two non-injected dogs were kept as controls. Clinical translation effects were analyzed since immune reactions by blood exams and physical scores capacity of each dog. Samples from biopsies were checked by immunohistochemistry (dystrophin markers) and FISH for human probes. Results and Discussion We analyzed the cells' ability in respect to migrate, engraftment, and myogenic potential, and the expression of human dystrophin in affected muscles. Additionally, the efficiency of single and consecutive early transplantation was compared. Chimeric muscle fibers were detected by immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using human antibodies and X and Y DNA probes. No signs of immune rejection were observed and these results suggested that hIDPSC cell transplantation may be done without immunosuppression. We showed that hIDPSC presented significant engraftment in GRMD dog muscles, although human dystrophin expression was modest and limited to several muscle fibers. Better clinical condition was also observed in the dog, which received monthly arterial injections and is still clinically stable at 25 months of age. Conclusion Our data suggested that systemic multiple deliveries seemed more effective than local injections. These findings open important avenues for further researches.

O treinamento físico aeróbio corrige a rarefação capilar e as alterações nas proporções dos tipos de fibra muscular esquelética em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos

O treinamento físico (TF) aeróbio tem sido utilizado como um importante tratamento não farmacológico na hipertensão arterial (HA), uma vez que ele reduz a pressão arterial. Estudos mostram que as anormalidades do músculo esquelético na HA estão associados à rarefação capilar, um aumento na porcentagem de fibras de contração rápida (tipo II), com predominância do metabolismo glicolítico e um aumento da fadiga muscular. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos do TF sobre estes parâmetros na HA. Nós hipotetizamos que o TF corrija a rarefação capilar potencialmente contribuindo para a restauração da proporção dos tipos de fibras musculares. Ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR, n=14) e Wistar Kyoto (WKY, n=14) com 12 semanas de vida e divididos em 4 grupos: SHR, SHR treinado (SHR-T), WKY e WKY treinado (WKY-T) foram estudados. Como esperado, 10 semanas de TF foi efetivo em reduzir a pressão arterial em SHR-T. Além disso, avaliamos os principais marcadores de TF. A bradicardia de repouso, o aumento da tolerância a realização de esforço, do consumo de oxigênio de pico e da atividade da enzima citrato sintase muscular nos grupos de animais treinados (WKY-T e SHR-T) mostram que a condição aeróbia foi alcançada com este TF. O TF também corrigiu a rarefação capilar no músculo sóleo em SHR-T. Em paralelo, foi observada uma redução na porcentagem de fibras do tipo IIA e IIX, ao passo que aumentou a porcentagem de fibras do tipo I induzidas pelo TF na HA. Estes resultados sugerem que o TF previne as alterações na composição dos tipos de fibras no músculo sóleo em SHR, uma vez que a angiogênese e o aumento da atividade da enzima citrato sintase são umas das mais importantes adaptações ao TF aeróbio, atuando na manutenção do metabolismo oxidativo e do perfil de fibras do músculo.