999 resultados para Mudança social no campo
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O Marketing Social vem sendo utilizado pelas empresas para agregar valor à imagem de suas marcas, o que o afasta de seu foco e da sua verdadeira aplicação. Ou seja, caracterizando como estratégias que se aplicam às organizações privadas, inclusive, sendo equivocadamente rebatizado e associado a outros termos como, por exemplo: Marketing Societal, Propaganda Institucional, Responsabilidade Social, Cidadania Corporativa e Filantropia Estratégica. Tudo isso vem gerando distorções e vulgarizações acerca das práticas gerenciais, inserindo “modismos” que têm finalidade estratégica e lucrativa, muito distinta daquela que corresponde à sua original conceituação. Aqui é feita uma reflexão sobre essa confusão conceitual, visando contribuir para a restauração do uso original do conceito de Marketing Social. Este ensaio se propõe, também, a apresentar um instrumento de avaliação das atividades do Marketing Social, como forma de identificar se os princípios estão sendo aplicados nos programas e causas sociais anunciados e “pregados” pelo mercado.
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Tem o propósito de focalizar alguns aspectos das transformações humanas para situar o estágio atual da sociedade humana, particularmente no que se vem chamando de "civilização ocidental" na sua modernidade. Trata da ação/mudança social e organizacional e enfoques que levam a aprendizagem e mudança.
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Esta dissertação trata do relacionamento da comunidade de .Santa Rita do Sapucaí (MG), que tinha como única atividade produtiva a agropecuária, com as instituições de ensino e pesquisa na área de eletrônica e indústrias de produtos de tecnologia avançada, instaladas no município, na década de 80. O objetivo deste estudo de caso é averiguar as transformações que a instalação de um pólo tecnológico pode gerar em uma comunidade rural. Para tanto, utiliza-se de uma análise crítica da teoria da modernização, tal como concebida nas políticas mais amplas de industrialização do Estado, e da visão dual da sociedade brasileira. Também avalia a forma como se dá a introdução de novas tecnologias no pais e suas implicações na relação cidade-campo. Palavras chaves: modernização, desenvolvimentismo, industrialização, tradicionalismo, pólo tecnológico, dependência, relação cidade-campo, tecnologia e hegemonia
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Esta tese tem como objetivo propor novos caminhos para a discussão sobre a cultura organizacional. Tradicionalmente, os debates sobre o tema no âmbito da teoria das organizações assimilam referenciais teóricos e metodológicos oriundos da antropologia; em especial, as premissas e conceitos que compõem os paradigmas funcionalista e interpretativo. Nesta interdisciplinaridade, as discussões sobre a mudança cultural nas organizações não assimilaram referenciais de análise que dessem conta das maneiras como os grupos sociais de fato mudam e evoluem. Na realidade, a matriz disciplinar da antropologia caracteriza-se pela oposição entre diacronia e sincronia – que assume a forma dos pares opostos sistema e evento, história e estrutura, estabilidade e mudança, entre outros. Com base nesta polarização, os antropólogos construíram tradições de estudos que destacam a continuidade em detrimento da mudança, ou ainda, a estrutura em detrimento da história. Mais recentemente, entretanto, as idéias de Sahlins, ou a antropologia histórico-estrutural, sugerem não haver razão para a polarização excludente entre história e estrutura, considerando-se a complexidade e especificidade dos fenômenos culturais. Ao sugerir a inseparabilidade entre continuidade e mudança, Sahlins propõe redefinições importantes nos conceitos clássicos de cultura, incorporando às discussões antropológicas uma série de questões desprestigiadas pelos paradigmas clássicos; em especial, a mudança cultural. Neste sentido, propõe-se que a incorporação das propostas da antropologia histórico-estrutural às discussões sobre a cultura organizacional tem o potencial de fazer avançar os debates acerca das maneiras como as organizações evoluem ao permitir a análise das continuidades e descontinuidades que caracterizam estes sistemas culturais. Ao problematizar os conceitos tradicionais de cultura organizacional, este movimento contribuiria sobremaneira à temática da mudança cultural nas organizações, por exemplo, ao viabilizar o desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva cultural à aprendizagem organizacional. A contribuição da antropologia histórico-estrutural é ilustrada por meio de um estudo de caso etnográfico realizado no núcleo de Albardão do CEDEJOR – Centro de Desenvolvimento do Jovem rural –, que reúne 30 jovens da comunidade do sétimo distrito rural do município de Rio Pardo, no Rio Grande do Sul. O CEDEJOR é uma ONG que atua na região Sul do Brasil, tendo como objetivos promover o empreendedorismo e o desenvolvimento do jovem rural através de processos educativos e participativos, buscando a sustentabilidade e a melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais, e tendo o jovem como protagonista. Com base nas idéias de Sahlins, a análise do caso sugere ser a cultura sistema e evento, ambigüidade e consenso, e estrutura e história, simultaneamente.
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Esta monografia é um estudo de caso que objetiva uma experiência educacional fracassada, realizada em Tubarão, Santa Catarina, no periodo de 1972 a 1978, pelo Centro Intercolegial Integrado de Tubarão - CICIT. Tenta investigar as razões do fracasso, a partir da suposição de que, coexistindo com a modernidade, há um forte componente de cultura retrógrada, atuando como força de resistência às tentativas de mudança social, desde que ponha em risco os interesses das camadas conservadoras. Faz a análise das condições históricas e sociais de implantação do CICIT, que se inspirou na concepção iluminista de restauração social,através da educação, e de sua extinção. Examina os limites da proposta de inovação educacional, tentada dentro de um contexto social conservador. Observa que a proposta continha contradições dificeis de ser superadas no campo operacional, pelo fato de nao prever a resistência, em cadeia, das correntes conservadoras que acabaram a ela se opondo, em princípio. A inovação pretendida refletia um posicionamento próprio da classe média em ascensão no inicio da década de 70, quando apostava no sucesso do projeto de desenvolvimento do capitalismo brasileiro, gerenciado pelos tecnocratas, e tutelado pela corporação militar em crescente politização. Várias manobras desenvolvidas "pelas forças ocultas" locais contra o CICIT são descobertas mediante um processo de levantamento de dados onde conversas informais se revelaram mais eficientes que os métodos convencionais de coleta de informação. Dá importância destacada a depoimentos de pessoas que estiveram presentes no dia a dia da experiência do CICIT. Epistemologicamente, opta pelo ponto de vista dos que fracassaram frente à resistência das forças conservadoras. Supõe que a verdade dos vencidos corresponde melhor à realidade objetiva dos fatos. Os vencedores, geralmente, arbitram as "verdades" que melhor correspondam a seus interesses. As análises desenvolvidas conduzem à conclusão ampla de que o poder de reação das "forças ocultas" - para as quais qualquer mudança é sempre entendida como ameaça - foi maior que o poder de inovação do CICIT. Esta pesquisa, longe de esgotar o assunto, deixa ver que outras análises deveriam ser feitas a respeito.
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O presente trabalho constitui uma tentativa de exploração dos aspectos psicológicos inerentes ao processo de controle social, segundo a perspectiva da "análise experimental do comportamento" de B. F. Skinner. Diversas proposições sociológicas correntes sobre algumas dimensões do problema geral são levantadas e criticamente articuladas com a abordagem comportamental skinneriana. No primeiro capítulo - "O Controle Social nas Instituições Totais”, é feita uma introdução conceitual ao condicionamento operante aproveitando-se para isso a descrição sociológica realizada por Goffman da vida naquelas instituições, são também aí discutidas algumas das interpretações erroneas das proposições skinnerianas e seus maus usos nas organizações fechadas. Desenvolve-se, no segundo capítulo, um exame comparativo das ficções literárias de "1984 “ e "Walden II", com o propósito de pela focalização de suas técnicas características de controle social, suscitar já, de modo informal, diversos pontos críticos do problema, que vêm a receber tratamento mais pormenorizado nos três capítulos seguintes. Em "Controle Social na Vida Cotidiana", discute-se a natureza difusa que o controle assume nesse contexto mais amplo, ressaltando-se o emprego que se faz, para esse fim, de artifícios motivacionais e ideológicos. Para a articulação com o pensamento skinneriano, é privilegiada abordagem da Sociologia do Conhecimento proposta por Berger e Luckmann. No quarto capítulo, que trata da "Identificação de Controladores e Controlados", procede-se a uma reinterpretação comportamentista dos constructos cognitivistas de “intenção” e "percepção”, com que comumente se descreve as iniciativas de controle por parte dos atores sociais. A análise de Becker dos mecanismos de criação e imposição de regras é utilizada par a apoiar a estratégia de reinterpretação. O capítulo final explora uma dimensão menos tradicional do problema - "O Controle para a Mudança Social". As proposições específicas de dois autores Popper e Mannheim - são aqui articuladas com as de Skinner. Caracterizado o estado da sociedade contemporânea como de incessante mudança desordenada, discute-se as condições necessárias para uma mudança planejada e suas implicações psicossociais. Na conclusão do trabalho, busca-se ampliar a perspectiva histórica do problema do controle social, por meio de uma análise retrospectiva proporcionada por Schneider e uma especulação prospectiva envolvendo a apreciação sócio- política do controle gradualista e democrático da mudança social. Defende-se, durante essa apreciação, a tese de que a engenharia comportamental de Skinner é gradualista e democrática em seu todo.
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This work aims to study the associations as mediating the process of social change and its importance for local development. The hypothesis is that associations, but bring dynamism to the smaller cities and improve the living conditions of their members, relegated to the background social sustainability, understood this as a permanent exercise of mobilization and participation in community life. The assumptions of the study are that the practice group has influenced the processes of local development in Brazilian rural municipalities through the mediation of government programs and projects aimed at combating rural poverty require social organization for their achievement. The concept of local development in this work was rescued from studies of political economy and sociology. But the concepts of collective action and partnerships advêem studies of political participation and social development of the theory of alternative or solidarity. The party consisted of an empirical case study conducted with four associations of farmers in the municipality of Portalegre-RN. Why choose qualitative study was used the technique of semi-structured interviews with the chairmen I members of associations and other actors considered essential to understanding the study (religious leaders, local political power and chairman of the union of rural workers), a total of 20 interviews, in addition to the observations of field and documentary research in records of the.ir own organizations. The survey results show that the performance of groups of farmers are key components and determinants for the production I marketing of agricultural products and for boosting the economy, as well as security for minimum levels of citizenship. Yet we are still in a space purpose of social change, which comes to confirm the initial hypothesis of this work
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This research focuses on the fishery activity, aligned to knowledge of past generations, and the transformation to those who depend on this activity for their livelihood, at the seashore community of Pitangui in Extremoz municipality, which lies 40 km away from Natal, seat of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The intense modernization which has taking place during the last few years may be considered the result of a number of economic, social and cultural factors, as the introduction of new fishery technology. On the other hand, the present study seeks to show how this changing process happened, and to what extent those affected understand and evaluate this transformation. The methodology to carry out the ethnographic work was mainly adopted by qualitative methods and techniques - by participant observation, oral history, photography and the audiovisual records besides reference to data extracted under quantitative methods, as an important instrument of analyses. This induces a conclusion that the transformation of the community is a consequence of the globalized market, though still tied up to specific local relations. The emerging results are: the use of new fishery technology, and new ways of orientation and navigation; the opening to new jobs and occupational activity, the re-order of space s appropriation; changing sociability, larger access to consumer goods, besides bringing on some new conflicts land appropriation and the fishery and the protection of the environment. All this comprehended as a result of the movement of the local relations participating in the global spaces
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The Theory analyzes what should know and what competes, formally, to the Professional of Social Service to act in the School Education. He/she investigates, starting from studies on the theme, and close to Council Federal and Regional of Social Service, and of the Brazilian Association of Studies and Researches in Social Service, that you know and competences are necessary for the social worker performance in that specific area. Through a research of nature empiric, bibliographical and documental, the analysis focus outlines the glance and the understanding of the professionals' category that represent the defense organs, fiscalization and formation of the profession. The importance of the scientific study is justified for the social worker necessary contribution acting in the School Education, whose political and pedagogic context presents multiple demands, you know and relationships, and when it is lived a social and education picture at the present time with order words in formation, as inclusion, empowerment, competence, that they demand other specialists in the school scenery to work with the varied expressions of the social subject. Since the years 1930 the social worker acts in the area of the Education, with an originating from knowledge the human and social areas that you/he/she makes possible him/it to contribute, undisciplinement, close to the pedagogic team of the School Education. The clarity of the you know and of the necessary competences to intervene in that field of specific work makes possible the legitimation of the identity, of the social worker professionalization and the formalization of his/her practice. The Theory ends that the profissionality and the social worker professionalism is built and it is recognized in the area of the Education starting from the knowledge of the you know and pertinent competences to intervene in that context, beginning that knowledge on the part of the category of the Social Service and of the formation organs and representation of the profession so that the school community - administration and pedagogic coordination, teachers and students - he understands and recognize the social worker necessary intervention in that field. The formalization of those you know and competences are built starting from actions and thought mobilizations and operation in the group of the category, and not for isolated actions and individualized. It is revealed, in the opinion of the ones that represent Regional Council of Social Service, a wide vision of the social worker in that space exercising, among other, functions that don't compete to the professional's profile or restricted to actions and techniques historically exercised in their work fields. A new profile of the professional of the Social Service that it acts in the School Education is possible when his/her action is visualized centered not just in the work with the family, but, doing of the school a proposition space and execution of programs, projects, studies and social researches. He intends, an action politics and of popularization on them know and the social worker competences in the School Education
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Teaching is an activity inherent to the human condition. Historically, from the institutionalization of education, the key role to pursue that activity has been attributed to the teacher, who is required to adapt to the demands of each historical conjuncture. Currently, according to the new paradigmatic requirements, the teacher must possess various skills in order to handle the complex and challenging act of teaching. Assuming the existence of a gap between what the State and the scientific discourse recommend the teacher act upon in the classroom, a decision was made to identify the configuration and structure of social representation in the act of teaching, put forth by elementary school teachers in the public schools of Natal, RN, Brazil. Therefore, the research relied on the theoretical model developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1998, 2000, 2003), which articulates the praxeology of Pierre Bourdieu with the theory of social representations of Serge Moscovici (1978). It was intended to demonstrate how teachers habitus, in its due historical context, directs the construction of social representations in the act of teaching which guides the actions of the teacher, particularly in the classroom context. At the methodological level, the following methods and techniques were used: bibliographic and documentary review in order to identify the scientific discourse on the subject matter and the official parameters of educational regulation and the act of teaching; the Procedure of Multiple Classifications PMC in order to capture the configuration and structure of the representational content in focus, the direct observation of the classroom to identify in actual terms the social representation as "guide to action" as the theory preaches. From the standpoint of the analysis, quantitative data were analysed through Multidimensional Scaling MDS, covering in this study the Multidimensional Scale Analysis MSA and Smallest Space Analysis SSA; and non-parametric statiscal techniques. Additional data of qualitative value had to undergo categorical content analysis. It was then concluded that the teachers investigated guided themselves by social representation, the product of collectively constructed and shared assumptions about the act of teaching, forming a synthesis of different sources of information and knowledge acquirement, involving elements of common sense, religious habitus, pedagogic models considered outdated, the agencies responsible for teacher training and the hegemonic discourse about education today
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This paper presents a reflection on the use of robotics in education technology and the fostering of social and digital inclusion, unveiling a new field that has been outlined today. Robotics constitutes a tool still little known and not regulated at national level in education, there is little experience involving the tool in the Northeast. This research aims to reveal one of the first experiments with educational level robotics in Rio Grande do Norte. We present a field research conducted in a public school chancellor for a major institute of science and technology education of the state from seeking review of the robotics course, understand how they work and show their use in school and shows that contributions were generated for digital inclusion category students, based on speeches by teachers, engineers, management and students. As part of gathering information, we used the focus group technique, applied in two stages, one with groups of students, teachers and other school administration, as well as comments directed to the times when the robotics course was being finalized. As a result, we found that the school, through the robotics course is a provider of social and digital inclusion, since it awakens in the sample of students in this research knowledge enabler of social change. And that despite the student category do not understand the depth of meaning of inclusion, the same report in daily actions that integrate technology into their social context in harmony, enjoying its cultural citizenship in full
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This ethnographical research-action is included in the Applied Linguistics area and its study object is related to literacy projects (KLEIMAN, 2000), since they bring a new sense to the literacy practices in school and emphasizes the agentive writing character and the role of the discursive genres in the formation of literacy agents who aim at the action and the social change. Considering the emancipatory potential that these didactic organizations have in the civic literacy of those who live in social risk and vulnerability situations our aim in this investigation is: to reflect about the role of the redefinition of the literacy school practices and investigate how the action of teachers and students as literacy agents occur. The specific aims are: to promote literacy events which encourage the writing practice for the action and social change; to comprehend how the identity construction of the literacy student-agent occurs by the reflection of its agency process in the literacy projects; to identify teaching strategies and procedures which enable the development of emancipatory language practices; to investigate the axiological values constructed by the learners in and about the writing work in literacy projects. Our discussion is based on the language conception supported by Bakhtin (BAKHTIN/VOLOSHINOV, 2000; BAKHTIN, 1990, 2003); in literacy studies (KLEIMAN, 1995; BAYNHAM, 1995; BARTON; HAMILTON; IVANIC, 2000, LAZERE, 2005); on critical studies which defend the idea that the texts are ideological instruments able to give power to the individuals (MCLAREN, 1988, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001; FREIRE, 1971, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1992, 1996, 2001a, 2001b, 2009; GIROUX, 1983, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1997, 1999, 2003; APPLE, 1989); on the social genre approach inspired by the New Rhetoric (BAZERMAN, 2005, 2006, 2007; MILLER, 1984, 2009). The data were generated between 2006 and 2010 in the Youth and Adult Education (YAE), in public schools in Natal-RN. The research permitted us to deduce, firstly, that the redefinition of the work with discursive genres provide the learner to read and write to act discursively in the social world, earning, thus, empowerment, autonomy and emancipation; secondly, that involving the students in literacy projects goes beyond didactic competence related to specificities and content domain. It is necessary that the teacher is certain about to whom, what, why and how to teach and that he/she gets a reflexive posture, becoming a learner as well; thirdly, that through the literacy practices which were developed, the collaborators of the research have constructed a more conscious and a more critical view in relation to the language and to the world where they live through the social-political writing and they have improved as interventive and politicized citizens
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According to the studies in Applied Linguistics, this thesis is based on an interdisciplinary perspective (Critical Discourse Analysis, Sociology towards Social Change, Cultural Studies and Systemic-Functional Linguistics). The overall objective of the research was to analyze the discourses of Elementary School teachers in the state of Sergipe, by means of the discursive representations of the social actors, the processes of subjectivity and their fragmented identities in the context of standardized evaluations before the requirements of globalized pedagogical practices, based on the result-based management. The critical analysis of such discourses was motivated by the rapid pace with which the demands of innovation become part of the classroom, aiming at reaching the target in what concerns the indexes of the rankings which characterize the globalized discourse of the national education management, like Ideb (Basic Education Development Index), which makes teachers change their discourses, become silent or keep resistant. The work was initially endorsed by the theoretical lines of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2006), and poses a proposal for such purpose: the ASCD Discourse Sociological and Communicative Approach (PEDROSA, 2012, 2013). This is an interpretative-qualitative study of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003; RAMALHO ; RESENDE, 2011) and to carry it out, semi-structured interviews were used as instruments of data generation (BAUER; GASKELL, 2011; GILL, 2011). Its corpus is composed of thirteen accounts of teachers from the Elementary school who teach Portuguese and work in the fifteen schools which were chosen to be the universe of the research at the Regional Board of Education (02) in the state of Sergipe. Such narratives are related to their impressions, expectations and actions which favor the management of results to which they have to submit themselves. The analytical overview of sociological and discursive line comes from the pan-semiotic categories (Inclusion and Exclusion) which appear in the theory of Representation of Social Actors (VAN LEEUWEN, 1997, 2008). To present the processes of subjectivity of these teachers, this work is based on the socio-analytical proposal of the classification of the subjects, which stems from the individual s work in the Gestão Relacional de Si , which comes from the Applied Sociology (towards) Social Change (BAJOIT, 2006, 2009). The discursive analyses were guided word for word, in their majority, by having the Systemic Functional Grammar as their theoretical basis, specifically by the processes of the Transitivity System postulated by Halliday, (1985); Halliday and Mathiessen, (2004); Eggins (2004); Cunha and Souza (2011). The work makes the field of Cultural Studies emerge towards the dialogue and the presentation of the fragmented identities of the teachers in the context of late modernity (GIDDENS, 2002; HALL, 2011). The thesis promoted a reflection over the teacher s condition, who is immerse in this context of knowledge construction of the present Brazilian educational system, the standardized evaluations, the indexes of development, the targets and the rankings. The considerations and outcomes of such a research dealt with the teachers emerging social practices and the need of planned initial and continuing teacher education towards the new moment which is foreseeable
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La présentation des logiques territoriales du développement, objet du présent article, résulte de la compilation de lectures systématisées, dont l'objectif est présenter les principales associations entre des théories, concepts et typologies. La relation exprimée, hypothétiquement, la possibilité d'une action collective intentionnelle des agents et les institutions pour le développement.
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Este artigo descreve o quadro de transformações históricas do Brasil, na segunda metade do século XX, para inserir aí a questão do idoso, numa perspectiva do envelhecimento da população. Situa as mudanças sociais, a perda de poder do idoso, fruto da urbanização e da modernização, com sua estrutura de empregos que transformou o antigo chefe da família extensa no aposentado. Propõe então medidas para recuperação da dignidade dessa importante categoria sociológica, a partir da educação da nova sociedade. Sugere ainda que, para os professores de crianças e adolescentes que receiam lidar com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, talvez um bom caminho para enfrentar a complexa área dos direitos humanos seja trabalhar com seus alunos na valorização da memória do idoso, o que significa ao mesmo tempo fazê-los adquirir conhecimentos e valorizar os mais velhos, reconhecendo-os como titulares de direitos.