Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Wm. Shelley, treasurer of the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company

Letter (1 page, typed) to S.D. Woodruff from Wm. Shelley, treasurer of the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company requesting the Dennis loan papers, Jan. 6, 1888.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Wm. Shelley, treasurer of the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Wm. Shelley, treasurer of the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company to please look for the Maria Cogswell loan papers, Aug. 14, 1888.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Wm. Shelley, treasurer of the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company

Letter to S.D. Woodruff which accompanied to check for the Maria Cogswell account. The letter was sent by Wm. Shelley, treasurer of Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company, May 25, 1889.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff which accompanied the payment on the John Schmidt loan signed by S.L. Conklin, assistant secretary of Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company

Letter to S.D. Woodruff (1 page, typed) which accompanied the payment on the John Schmidt loan signed by S.L. Conklin, assistant secretary of Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company, July 9, 1889.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff to please return coupons signed by the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Co.,

Letter (1 page, typed) to S.D. Woodruff to please return coupons signed by the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Co., Nov. 30, 1889.

Letter - Herbert Mills of Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company to S.D. Woodruff

Letter (1 page, typed) to S.D. Woodruff which accompanied the Rothrock account papers. Signed by Herbert Mills, assistant treasurer of Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Company, Oct. 27, 1890.

Indenture of mortgage between Robert and Eunice Telfer of the Township of London to Ira Spaulding of the Township of Stamford

Indenture of mortgage between Robert and Eunice Telfer of the Township of London to Ira Spaulding of the Township of Stamford for Lot 17 in Block U in the Village of Komoka, Middlesex – instrument no. 1044. This was recorded on Dec. 21, 1857 in Liber B, folio 945, Apr. 7, 1857.

Indenture of assignment of mortgage between Executors of the Zimmerman Estate and the Bank of Upper Canada

Indenture of assignment of mortgage between Executors of the Zimmerman Estate and the Bank of Upper Canada regarding Lot no. 4 in block O in the Town of Elgin – instrument no. 6360, May 14, 1858.

Discharge of Mortgage signed by Henry Kalar, President of the Niagara Permanent Building Society

Discharge of Mortgage signed by Henry Kalar, President of the Niagara Permanent Building Society stating that John McNeilly [?] has satisfied all money due and the mortgage is therefore discharged. The right hand side of this document is burned. Text is slightly affected, Aug. 8, 1853.

Indenture (vellum) of mortgage between the Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton Railway Company and Joseph Augustus Woodruff of Niagara and Gilbert McMicken of the Village of Elgin in Welland

Indenture (vellum) of mortgage between the Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton Railway Company and Joseph Augustus Woodruff of Niagara and Gilbert McMicken of the Village of Elgin in Welland. This document was registered Jan.4, 1856 – instrument no. 586, Dec. 29, 1855.

The Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Crisis and American Payday Lending: Two Studies in Vulnerability

Microcredit, a non-profit lending approach that is often championed as a source of women’s inclusion and empowerment, has in the past decade been followed by microfinance, a forprofit sibling of a different temperament. Microfinance in India is now in turmoil, precipitated by legislation in the state of Andhra Pradesh, which has encouraged withholding of payment, which in turn has frozen the market. This paper considers one precipitating condition of the crisis: the remarkable, new, and developing burden of formal economic debt that poor women in the state have only recently come to hold – debt that now surpasses one year’s family income, on average. The development of this lending sector follows upon innovation in lending to the poor of the global north over the past two decades, and the practices show noteworthy parallels. Both lending schemes have produced similar disproportionate burdens upon some low-status individuals within their respective economic orders, and both may exploit a vulnerability that is born of aspiration and produces great dysfunction for borrowers. This paper introduces the two lending schemes, sketches the parallels, and introduces the claim that ethical finance arrangements for the poor require attention to vulnerability, an under-utilized category in both liberal ethical theory and in finance.