Evaluating the spatial and social equity effects of road pricing in the European urban context: the Madrid Metropolitan Area.

The paper explores the spatial and social impacts arising from implementation of a road-pricing scheme in the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA). Our analytical focus is on understanding the effects of the scheme on the transport accessibility of different social groups within the MMA. We define an evaluation framework to appraise the accessibility of different districts within the MMA in terms of the actual and perceived cost of using the road infrastructure "before" and "after" the implementation of the scheme. The framework was developed using quantitative survey data and qualitative data from focus group discussions with residents. We then simulated user behaviors (mode and route choice) based on the empirical evidence from a travel demand model for the MMA. The results from our simulation model demonstrated that implementation of the toll on the orbital metropolitan motorways (M40, M30, for example) decreases accessibility, mostly in the districts where there are no viable public transport alternatives. Our key finding is that the economic burden of the road-pricing scheme particularly affects unskilled and lower income individuals living in the south of the MMA. Consequently lower income people reduce their use of tolled roads and have to find new arrangements for these trips: i.e. switch to the public transport, spend double the time for their commuter trips or stay at home. The results of our research could be applicable more widely for anyone wishing to better understand the important relationship between increased transport cost and social equity, especially where there is an intention to introduce similar road-pricing schemes within the urban context.

Shear wave velocity estimation in the metropolitan area of Málaga (S Spain)

We carry out a seismic noise study based on array measurements at three sites in the Málaga basin, South Spain, for the further estimation of shear wave velocity profiles. For this purpose, we use both the H/V method and the f–k technique in order to characterize the different materials present in the zone, i.e., Quaternary sediments and Pliocene sedimentary rocks above the bedrock. The H/V analysis shows frequency peaks going from 1 Hz, in areas close to the border of the basin, to 0.3 Hz in places located toward the center of the formation. The f–k analysis allows obtaining the dispersion curves associated with each site and subsequently, estimating the Vs profiles by inversion of the respective group velocities. In this way, the basin basement can be characterized by S-wave velocities greater than 2000 m/s. Regarding the basin fill, it is divided into three layers defined by different wave velocity intervals. The shallowest one is featured by velocities ranging from 150 to 400 m/s and comprises the Quaternary sediments, while velocities going from 550–700 to1200–1600 m/s characterize the two underlying layers composed by Pliocene sediments. Finally, the information provided by the three Vs profiles is integrated in a 2D cross-section of the basin to have a spatial view of its sedimentary structure. The results obtained here, in addition to providing useful information about the infill of the basin near the metropolitan area of Málaga, will be very helpful for future seismic zonation studies in the region.

Impact of air pollution on the consumption of medical services : cost of hospitalization in the Portland metropolitan area /

Mode of access: Internet.

Truckee River Flood-Control Project, Truckee Meadows (Reno-Sparks Metropolitan Area), Nevada : hydraulic model investigation /

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State and metropolitan area data book.

Contains data similar to that found in the County and City Databook, but on the state and MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Areas) levels.

Transcript of Conference: Pollution of Interstate Waters of the Potomac River in the Washington Metropolitan Area.

Cover title.

Report of the transportation study: Baltimore Metropolitan Area ...

v.1 Transportation needs.--v.2. Traffic flow tables.--v.3. Charts and plates.--v.4. Parking survey of the downtown area, Baltimore City.

Character and recency of faulting, San Diego metropolitan area, California /

Mode of access: Internet.

Prevalence of drug use in the DC Metropolitan Area household and nonhousehold population, 1991.

"Printed 1994"--T.p. verso.

Prevalence of drug use in the DC Metropolitan Area household population, 1990.

Mode of access: Internet.

Preliminary evaluation of the ground-water-flow system in the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota /

"August 1982."

Prevalence of drug use in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area homeless and transient population, 1991.

Shipping list no.: 93-0546-P.

The influences of federal, state, and local legislation on residential building in the Flint metropolitan area.

Mode of access: Internet.

Urban-fringe problem in the Flint metropolitan area; a study of services and attitudes

Mode of access: Internet.