Uma arquitetura de memória: Museu e Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Presidente Prudente

O antigo edifício do Matadouro Municipal, aparece no cenário do município de Presidente Prudente como um importante elemento do imaginário social urbano e de forte valor arquitetônico e histórico. É possível perceber a presença de alguns marcos e lugares que revelam uma leitura da arquitetura histórica da cidade, sendo a área do Museu e Arquivo Histórico de Presidente Prudente um conjunto de interesse cultural neste espaço urbano. Este trabalho elabora uma análise detalhada da paisagem antiga e atual e quais são os registros histórico/culturais materializados no antigo matadouro e propõe adequar o edifício histórico às novas funções urbanas contemporâneas, com o propósito de preservar a função de museu e arquivo histórico e recuperar esta herança para cidade e seu valor patrimonial

Horse spleen segmentation technique as large animal model of preclinical trials

The parenchymal distribution of the splenic artery was studied in order to obtain anatomical basis for partial splenectomy. Thirty two spleens were studied, 26 spleens of healthy horses weighing 320 to 450kg, aged 3 to 12 years and 6 spleens of fetus removed from slaughterhouse. The spleens were submitted to arteriography and scintigraphy in order to have their vascular pattern examined and compared to the external aspect of the organ aiming establish anatomo-surgical segments. All radiographs were photographed with a digital camera and the digital images were submitted to a measuring system for comparative analysis of areas of dorsal and ventral anatomo-surgical segments. Anatomical investigations into the angioarchitecture of the equine spleen showed a paucivascular area, which coincides with a thinner external area, allowing the organ to be divided in two anatomo-surgical segments of approximately 50% of the organ each.

Survey on the spirilar flora of Lagomorphs

Members of the genera Campylobacter and Helicobacter have been in the spotlight in recent decades because of their status as animals and/or humans pathogens, both confirmed and emerging, and because of their association with food-borne and zoonotic diseases. First observations of spiral shaped bacteria or Campylobacter-like organisms (CLO) date back to the end of the 19th century, however the lack of adequate isolation methods hampered further research. With the introduction of methods such as selective media and a filtration procedure during the 1970s led to a renewed interest in Campylobacter, especially as this enabled elucidation of their role in human hosts. On the other hand the classification and identification of these bacteria was troublesome, mainly because of the biochemical inertness and fastidious growth requirements. In 1991, the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related organisms was thoroughly revised, since this revision several new Campylobacter and Helicobacter species have been described. Moreover, thanks to the introduction of a polyphasic taxonomic practice, the classification of these novel species is well-founded. Indeed, a polyphasic approach was here followed for characterizing eight isolates obtained from rabbits epidemiologically not correlated and as a result a new Campylobacter species was proposed: Campylobacter cuniculorum (Chapter 1). Furthermore, there is a paucity of data regarding the occurrence of spiral shaped enteric flora in leporids. In order to define the prevalence both of this new species and other CLO in leporids (chapter 2), a total of 85 whole intestinal tracts of rabbits reared in 32 farms and 29 capture hares, epidemiologically not correlated, were collected just after evisceration at the slaughterhouse or during necroscopy. Examination and isolation methods were varied in order to increase the sensibility level of detection, and 100% of rabbit farms resulted positive for C. cuniculorum in high concentrations. Moreover, in 3.53% of the total rabbits examined, a Helicobacter species was detected. Nevertheless, all hares resulted negative both for Campylobacter or Helicobacter species. High prevalence of C. cuniculorum were found in rabbits, and in order to understand if this new species could play a pathological role, a study on some virulence determinants of C. cuniculorum was conducted (Chapter 3). Although this new species were able to adhere and invade, exert cytolethal distending toxin-like effects although at a low titre, a cdtB was not detected. There was no clear relationship between source of isolation or disease manifestation and possession of statistically significantly levels of particular virulence-associated factors although, cell adhesion and invasion occurred. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility was studied (chapter 4) in Campylobacter and in Escherichia coli strains, isolated from rabbits. It was possible to find acquired resistance of C. cuniculorum to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and erytromycin. C. coli isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobial tested and moreover it is considered as a wild-type strain. Moreover, E. coli was found at low caecal concentration in rabbits and 30 phenotypes of antibiotic resistance were founded as well as the high rate of resistances to at least one antibiotic (98.1%). The majority of resistances were found from strains belonging to intensive farming system. In conclusion, in the course of the present study a new species isolated from rabbits was described, C. cuniculorum, and its high prevalence was established. Nevertheless, in hare samples no Campylobacter and Helicobacter species were detected. Some virulence determinants were further analyzed, however further studied are needed to understand the potential pathogenicity of this new species. On the other hand, antimicrobial susceptibility was monitored both in C. cuniculorum and indicator bacteria and acquired resistance was observed towards some antibiotics, indicating a possible role of rabbitries in the diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Further studies are necessary to describe and evaluate the eventual zoonotic role of Campylobacter cuniculorum.

Fatores pré-abate que influenciam na qualidade da carne de frangos griller

The consumption of a product is directly linked to its quality, and are required to comply with quality standard regulations. In chicken "griller" which comes from industrial strains, selected for best growth performance, shot with up to 35 days old and weighing 1,400kg, they have not been reported in the literature a number of quality aspects This study aimed determine the muscle transformation time in the flesh in chickens "griller" incidence of meat defects, "PSE" (pale, soft and exdudative) and "DFD" (dark, firm and dry) and their correlation between different window times slaughter (total time between beginning of the fasting and the time of slaughter) and pH curve, four different times post mortem. The base data for the study was composed of information of 208 chickens, collected between August and September 2014, in a slaughterhouse slaughtering chickens in the middle region of Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. We used the Minitab 17.1.0 program for the development of descriptive statistical analysis and Pareto charts. The Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the linear relationship between two variables and Excel 2013, Microsoft Office®, to produce tables and graphs. The analysis consisted of 11 chickens cities and the distance to the poultry slaughterhouse ranged from 24.5 km to 123 km. It was observed that the pH curve decays gradually until time 5horas after slaughter, and its increase was 24, indicating the transformation of the muscle meat. The incidence of regular meat was 39.9%, "DFD" 30.3% and "PSE" 29.8%. For "DFD" meat, it was observed that factors: low ambient temperature, longer transportation and fast window and mileage at dirt road, contributed to its occurrence (p <0.05). For "PSE" meat, it was observed that lower body weight factors, longer transport favored frequency (p <0.05) of the meat defect. There was no significant correlation in variance analysis between distance, waiting time at rest shed and humidity related to meat defects (p> 0.05). This high incidence of defects meat may be due to pre-slaughter stress factors.

Biodiesel a partir de óleos de alta acidez: desenvolvimento de um processo catalítico homogêneo

O presente trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de um processo para a produção de biodiesel partindo de óleos de alta acidez, aplicando um processo em duas etapas de catálise homogênea. A primeira é a reação de esterificação etílica dos ácidos graxos livres, catalisada por H2SO4, ocorrendo no meio de triglicerídeos e a segunda é a transesterificação dos triglicerídeos remanescentes, ocorrendo no meio dos ésteres alquílicos da primeira etapa e catalisada com álcali (NaOH) e álcool etílico ou metílico. A reação de esterificação foi estudada com uma mistura modelo consistindo de óleo de soja neutro acidificado artificialmente com 15%p de ácido oleico PA. Este valor foi adotado, como referência, devido a certas gorduras regionais (óleo de mamona advinda de agricultura familiar, sebos de matadouro e óleo de farelo de arroz, etc.) apresentarem teores entre 10-20%p de ácidos graxos livres. Nas duas etapas o etanol é reagente e também solvente, sendo a razão molar mistura:álcool um dos parâmetros pesquisados nas relações 1:3, 1:6 e 1:9. Outros foram a temperatura 60 e 80ºC e a concentração percentual do catalisador, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5%p, (em relação à massa de óleo). A combinatória destes parâmetros resultou em 18 reações. Dentre as condições reacionais estudadas, oito atingiram acidez aceitável inferior a 1,5%p possibilitando a definição das condições para aplicação ótima da segunda etapa. A melhor condição nesta etapa ocorreu quando a reação foi conduzida a 60°C com 1%p de H2SO4 e razão molar 1:6. No final da primeira etapa foram realizados tratamentos pertinentes como a retirada do catalisador e estudada sua influência sobre a acidez final, utilizando-se de lavagens com e sem adição de hexano, seguidas de evaporação ou adição de agente secante. Na segunda etapa estudaram-se as razões molares de óleo:álcool de 1:6 e 1:9 com álcool metílico e etílico, com 0,5 e 1%p de NaOH assim como o tratamento da reação (lavagem ou neutralização do catalisador) a 60°C, resultando em 16 experimentos. A melhor condição nesta segunda etapa ocorreu com 0,5%p de NaOH, razão molar óleo:etanol de 1:6 e somente as reações em que se aplicaram lavagens apresentaram índices de acidez adequados (<1,0%p) coerentes com os parâmetros da ANP.