Le «corps» du texte néotestamentaire dans les films Ben-Hur (1925) et Golgotha (1935)

L'article se propose de discuter la question des modalités de la référence aux évangiles au cinéma en s'attachant à l'étude de la composante verbale et de ses liens avec la représentation de la figure christique dans deux films: le premier, Ben-Hur (Fred Niblo, 1925), est une superproduction produite par Hollywood à l'époque de l'apogée du muet; le second, Golgotha (1935), est réalisé par le cinéaste français Julien Duvivier durant les premières années de la généralisation du parlant. D'un côté l'écrit (sous forme d'intertitres), de l'autre la profération orale d'un texte. Le rapprochement proposé entre ces deux films tient à la façon dont la citation néotestamentaire participe à la construction par le film de la figure de Jésus, ou plutôt à la mise à distance de celle-ci, constamment rejetée dans une forme de hors-champ.

[Archives de la parole]. , Fragment de la messe grecque melchite arabe / M. Alexis Ben Kori, voix. Chanson arabe [O Mijana, O vents, passez sur ceux que j'aime] / M. Alexis Ben Kori, chant

Enregistrement : Paris, Université de Paris, La Sorbonne, 04-02-1914

[Archives de la parole]. , [Araka taroukan] : chanson d'amour arabe / Ben Kori Alexis, chant

Enregistrement : Paris, Université de Paris, La Sorbonne, 04-02-1914

[Archives de la parole]. , Biaini / M. Alexis Ben Kori, chant. Première surate du Coran / M. Alexis Ben Kori, voix

Enregistrement : Paris, Université de Paris, La Sorbonne, 28-01-1914

Allergen-specific antibody and cytokine responses, mast cell reactivity and intestinal permeability upon oral challenge of sensitized and tolerized mice.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy has reached an epidemic level in westernized countries and although central mechanisms have been described, the variability associated with genetic diversity underscores the still unresolved complexity of these disorders. OBJECTIVE: To develop models of food allergy and oral tolerance, both strictly induced by the intestinal route, and to compare antigen-specific responses. METHODS: BALB/c mice were mucosally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, or tolerized by intra-gastric administrations of OVA alone. Antibody titres and cytokines were determined by ELISA, and allergic status was determined through several physiologic parameters including decline in temperature, diarrhoea, mast cell degranulation and intestinal permeability. RESULTS: OVA-specific antibodies (IgE, IgGs and IgA in serum and feces) were produced in sensitized mice exclusively. Upon intra-gastric challenge with OVA, sensitized mice developed anaphylactic reactions associated with a decline of temperature, diarrhoea, degranulation of mast cells, which were only moderately recruited in the small intestine, and increased intestinal permeability. Cytokines produced by immune cells from sensitized mice included T-helper type 2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13), but also IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-17. In contrast, all markers of allergy were totally absent in tolerized animals, and yet the latter were protected from subsequent sensitization, demonstrating that oral tolerance took place efficiently. CONCLUSION: This work allows for the first time an appropriate comparison between sensitized and tolerized BALB/c mice towards OVA. It highlights important differences from other models of allergy, and thus questions some of the generally accepted notions of allergic reactions, such as the protective role of IFN-gamma, the importance of antigen-specific secretory IgA and the role of mucosal mast cells in intestinal anaphylaxis. In addition, it suggests that IL-17 might be an effector cytokine in food allergy. Finally, it demonstrates that intestinal permeability towards the allergen is increased during challenge.

[Archives de la Parole]. , Baïtan Hemdan ; Moual Resd Eddil / Mohamed Ben Hadj, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Canzonetta : mélodie : [Quanto è folle quell'amante] / Bernado Pasquini, comp.. Aria : mélodie : [Alma del core, spirto dell'alma] / Antonio Caldara, comp. ; Leila Ben-Sedira, S ; Mme Simone Gouat, p

Comprend : Canzonetta / Bernado Pasquini, comp. ; Aria / Antonio Caldara, comp.

Rossignols amoureux : extrait d'"Hippolyte et Aricie" / Rameau, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Quintette [i.e.] instrumental Pierre Jamet. Psyché / Manuel de Falla, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; G. Crunelle, fl. ; P. Jamet, hrp

Comprend : Rossignols amoureux / Rameau, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; G. Crunelle, fl. ; P. Jamet, hrp ; Psyché / Manuel de Falla, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Quintette [i.e.] instrumental Pierre Jamet

Lagrimo occhi mici : air / Sigismont d'India, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard. Ohimé dov' e il mio ben : madrigal ; Maledetto... [etc.] / Monteverdi, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard ; Maria Castellazzi, Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Ensemble instrumental Ars Rediviva

Comprend : Lagrimo occhi mici / Sigismont d'India, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard ; Maria Castellazzi, Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Ensemble instrumental Ars Rediviva ; Ohimè, dov'è il mio ben ? / Monteverdi, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard ; Maria Castellazzi, Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Ensemble instrumental Ars Rediviva ; Maledetto sia l'aspetto / Monteverdi, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard ; Maria Castellazzi, Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Ensemble instrumental Ars Rediviva ; Chiome d'oro, bel thesoro / Monteverdi, comp. ; réalisation Claude Crussard ; Maria Castellazzi, Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Ensemble instrumental Ars Rediviva

Use of alcohol in the elderly: transcultural validation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G)

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) instrument, translated and adapted for Brazil. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the ICD-10 and the MAST-G, following the steps of translation and cultural adaptation. One hundred eleven elderly in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were interviewed. Results: The mean age of those interviewed was 70 years, with 45% men and 55% women, with the mean education of three years; 92% resided with family; 48% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages. The MAST-G presented a good level of reliability, with Cronbach’s α = 0.7873, and good levels of sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff score of five positive responses. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MAST-G presented internal consistency values similar to the original English version,showing it to be adequate for use in the national context.





Reduction of Helicobacter infection in IL-10-/- mice is dependent on CD4+ T cells but not on mast cells.

BACKGROUND: In contrast to wild type, interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice are able to clear Helicobacter infection. In this study, we investigated the immune response of IL-10(-/-) mice leading to the reduction of Helicobacter infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We characterized the immune responses of Helicobacter felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice by studying the systemic antibody and cellular responses toward Helicobacter. We investigated the role of CD4(+) T cells in the Helicobacter clearance by injecting H. felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice with anti-CD4 depleting antibodies. To examine the role of mast cells in Helicobacter clearance, we constructed and infected mast cells and IL-10 double-deficient mice. RESULTS: Reduction of Helicobacter infection in IL-10(-/-) mice is associated with strong humoral (fivefold higher serum antiurease antibody titers were measured in IL-10(-/-) in comparison to wild-type mice, p < .008) and cellular (urease-stimulated splenic CD4(+) T cells isolated from infected IL-10(-/-) mice produce 150-fold more interferon-gamma in comparison to wild-type counterparts, p < .008) immune responses directed toward Helicobacter. Depletion of CD4(+) cells from Helicobacter-infected IL-10(-/-) mice lead to the loss of bacterial clearance (rapid urease tests are threefold higher in CD4(+) depleted IL-10(-/-) in comparison to nondepleted IL-10(-/-) mice, p < .02). Mast cell IL-10(-/-) double-deficient mice clear H. felis infection, indicating that mast cells are unnecessary for the bacterial eradication in IL-10(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that CD4(+) cells are required for Helicobacter clearance in IL-10(-/-) mice. This reduction of Helicobacter infection is, however, not dependent on the mast cell population.

Allergen-specific antibody and cytokine responses, mast cell reactivity and intestinal permeability upon oral challenge of sensitized and tolerized mice.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy has reached an epidemic level in westernized countries and although central mechanisms have been described, the variability associated with genetic diversity underscores the still unresolved complexity of these disorders. OBJECTIVE: To develop models of food allergy and oral tolerance, both strictly induced by the intestinal route, and to compare antigen-specific responses. METHODS: BALB/c mice were mucosally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, or tolerized by intra-gastric administrations of OVA alone. Antibody titres and cytokines were determined by ELISA, and allergic status was determined through several physiologic parameters including decline in temperature, diarrhoea, mast cell degranulation and intestinal permeability. RESULTS: OVA-specific antibodies (IgE, IgGs and IgA in serum and feces) were produced in sensitized mice exclusively. Upon intra-gastric challenge with OVA, sensitized mice developed anaphylactic reactions associated with a decline of temperature, diarrhoea, degranulation of mast cells, which were only moderately recruited in the small intestine, and increased intestinal permeability. Cytokines produced by immune cells from sensitized mice included T-helper type 2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13), but also IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-17. In contrast, all markers of allergy were totally absent in tolerized animals, and yet the latter were protected from subsequent sensitization, demonstrating that oral tolerance took place efficiently. CONCLUSION: This work allows for the first time an appropriate comparison between sensitized and tolerized BALB/c mice towards OVA. It highlights important differences from other models of allergy, and thus questions some of the generally accepted notions of allergic reactions, such as the protective role of IFN-gamma, the importance of antigen-specific secretory IgA and the role of mucosal mast cells in intestinal anaphylaxis. In addition, it suggests that IL-17 might be an effector cytokine in food allergy. Finally, it demonstrates that intestinal permeability towards the allergen is increased during challenge.