The surplus value of Azorean macroalgae as health-promoting food. Protein, fiber, carbohydrates, lipids and vitamins determination

AICMA 2012 (BIT's 1st Annual International Congress of Marine Algae), World Expo Center, Dalian, China, 20-23 de Setembro.

Cultivo de macroalgas nos Açores… Oportunidades e desafios

As macroalgas marinhas têm uma grande diversidade de aplicações. Nos Açores, várias espécies têm sido usadas tradicionalmente para alimentação humana e para extração de agar, um ficocolóide aplicado na indústria alimentar e farmacêutica. As exigências no controlo da qualidade das matérias-primas e as práticas atuais de colheita de macroalgas marinhas selvagens na Europa exigem uma gestão eficaz deste recurso natural e, simultaneamente, tornam premente a necessidade de se implementarem métodos de produção de biomassa controlados, nomeadamente, práticas de cultivo. Apesar da importância reconhecida da exploração sustentável dos recursos marinhos existentes nos Açores, não existe qualquer informação sobre a viabilidade do cultivo de macroalgas marinhas no Arquipélago. O objetivo principal do presente projeto é avaliar o potencial de cultivo de espécies de macroalgas marinhas selecionadas, bem como identificar as melhores práticas de recolha desse recurso natural.

Hydrocarbon biomarkers in the Topla-Mezica zinc-lead deposits, northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia: Paleoenvironment at the site of ore formation

The Mississippi Valley-type zinc and lead deposits at Topla (250,150 metric tons (t) of ore grading 1.0 wt % Zn and 3.3 wt % Pb) and Mezica (19 million metric tons (Mt) of ore grading 5.3 wt % Pb and 2.7 wt % Zn) occur within the Middle to Upper Triassic platform carbonate rocks of the northern Karavanke/Drau Range geotectonic units of the Eastern Alps, Slovenia. The ore and host rocks of these deposits have been investigated by a combination of inorganic and organic geochemical methods to determine major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, hydrocarbon distribution, and stable isotope ratios of carbonates, kerogen, extractable organic matter, and individual hydrocarbons. These data combined with sedimentological evidence provide insight into the paleoenvironmental conditions at the site of ore formation. The carbonate isotope composition, the REE patterns, and the distribution of hydrocarbon biomarkers (normal alkanes and steranes) suggest a marine depositional environment. At Topla, a relatively high concentration of redox sensitive trace elements (V, Mo, U) in the host dolostones and REE patterns parallel to that of the North American shale composite suggest that sediments were deposited in a reducing environment. Anoxic conditions enhanced the preservation of organic matter and resulted in relatively higher total organic carbon contents (up to 0.4 wt %). The isotopic composition of the kerogen (delta C-13(kerogon) = -29.4 to -25.0 parts per thousand, delta N-15(kerogen) = -.13.6 to 6.8 parts per thousand) suggests that marine algae and/or bacteria were the main source of organic carbon with a very minor contribution from detrital continental plants and a varying degree of alteration. Extractable organic matter from Topla ore is generally depleted in C-13 compared to the associated kerogen, which is consistent with an indigenous source of the bitumens. The mineralization correlates with delta N-15(kerogen) values around 0 per mil, C-13 depleted kerogen, C-13 enriched n-heptadecane, and relatively high concentrations of bacteria] hydrocarbon biomarkers, indicating a high cyanobacterial biomass at the site of ore formation. Abundant dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria, feeding on the cyanobacterial remains, led to accumulation of biogenic H2S in the pore water of the sediments. This biogenic H2S was mainly incorporated into sedimentary organic matter and diagenetic pyrite. Higher bacterial activity at the ore site also is indicated by specific concentration ratios of hydrocarbons, which are roughly correlated with total Pb plus Zn contents. This correlation is consistent with mixing of hydrothermal metal-rich, fluids and local bacteriogenic sulfide sulfur. The new geochemical data provide supporting evidence that Topla is a low-temperature Mississippi Valley-type deposit formed in an anoxic supratidal saline to hypersaline environment. A laminated cyanobacterial mat, with abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria was the main site of sulfate reduction.

Catálogo de las algas bentónicas (con exclusión de las diatomeas) de la costa catalana

Aquest treball és un intent d´actualitzar i sistematitzar les dades algològiques que es posseeixen referents al nostre país. Aquestes dades han estat obtingudes de la bibliografia existent, incloent-hi també nombroses observacions personals inèdites. La sistemàtica utilitzada ha estat, bàsicament, la proposada per PARKE i DIXON (1976). La distribució geogràfica de les espècies s'especifica en funció del reticle UTM. En aquest moment són 403 (28 Cyanophyta, 220 Rhodophyta, 69 Phaeophyta, 85 Chlorophyta i 1 Chrysophyta) les espècies que es coneixen a les costes del Principat.

Aproximación al conocimiento de las comunidades algales de la zona infralitoral superior de la costa catalana

Se presentan una serie de inventarios de la zona infralitoral superior realizados a lo largo de toda la costa catalana precisando las localidades de recolección y sus características. Los inventarios se agrupan en una serie de tablas las cuales se comentan en función de su composición florística. Finalmente, se hace una división de la costa catalana atendiendo a las distintas comunidades encontradas y se valora su distribución en relación a las características de la costa y a los posibles focos de contaminación. Se presta especial atención a las comunidades portuarias.

Ultrastructure of adhesion and movement of the tetraspores of Gelidium Lamour (Geldiaceae; Rhodophyta)

The outer part of the tetraspora cell wall in Gelidium crinale (Turner) J.V. Lamour. and G. spathulatum (Kutz.) Bornet is morphologically described in relation to the movements and displacement of these spores when they settle on a substratum. We also describe the mechanism of adhesión and the transformations undergone by this mechanism over time. The cell wall shows a network of fibrillar threads embedded in abundant mucilage. The deformations that tetraspores undergo show that the cell wall is relatively elastic.

Antimicrobial Activity of Iberian macroalgae

The antibacterial and antifungal activity of 82 marine macroalgae (18 Chlorophyceae, 25 Phaeophyceae and 39 Rhodophyceae) was studied to evaluate their potential for being used as natural preservatives in the cosmetic industry. The bioactivity was analysed from crude extracts of fresh and lyophilised samples against three Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast using the agar diffusion technique. The samples were collected seasonally from Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. Of the macroalgae analysed, 67% were active against at least one of the six test microorganisms. The highest percentage of active taxa was found in Phaeophyceae (84%), followed by Rhodophyceae (67%) and Chlorophyceae (44%). Nevertheless, red algae had both the highest values and the broadest spectrum of bioactivity. In particular, Bonnemaisonia asparagoides, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Asparagopsis armata and Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Bonnemaisoniales) were the most active taxa. Bacillus cereus was the most sensitive test microorganism and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant. The highest percentages of active taxa from Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae were found in autumn, whereas they were found in summer for Chlorophyceae.

Noves citacions de Chondrymenia lobata (Meneghini) Zanardini i Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet per a la Peninsula Iberica

Noves citacions de Chondrymenia lobata (Meneghini) Zanardini i Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet, per a la Peninsula Ibèrica PAÍS VALENCIA: Peniscola, entre 100-120 braces de profunditat, a les xarxes dels pescadors (14-6-1983).

Aportació al coneixement de les algues marines de les costes del País Valencià

En aquest treball donem a coneixer els primers resultats sobre la flora algologica del Pais Valencia. El material que hem pogut recollir i determinar fins aquest moment procedeix de setze localitats de la costa que estem estudiant, compresa entre Peniscola i el Cap de Santa Pola.

Corologia de las especies de algas en relacion a ciertos factores ecologicos en el litoral Malagueño

Los estudios taxonómicos, ecológicos y corológicos sobre la vegetación algal bentónica en el litoral malagueño nos han hecho detectar un límite geográfico,entre los alrededores de Marbella y el Faro de Calaburras (Fuengirola), para la gran mayoría de las especies atlánticas que penetran en el Mar de Alborán, especialmente para algunas Fucoceoe y Lominariales. Las corrientes locales, la temperatura y salinidad, así como los distintos factores climatológicos, son los responsables de dicha distribución. En este trabajo se cita por primera vez para el Mediterráneo europeo el taxon Gracilario cervicornis (Turner) J. Ag. Constituyen novedad para la Península Ibérica, las especies: Spermothamnion capitatum (Schousb.) Bornet y Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot.

Comunidades bentonicas del sustrato duro del litoral NE Español, XIII. Vegetacion: diversidad y sociabilidad

A partir de los datos obtenidos en el estudio bionómico del bentos de la costa catalana, exponemos los correspondientes a la vegetación marina. Se comparan los índices de diversidad de las localidades de muestreo en relación con el espacio, la profundidad y las estaciones del año, relacionándolo con el número de especies de Clorófitos, Feófitos y Rodófitos que se han hallado en las muestras estudiadas. Con los valores de las afinidades entre las especies de mayor frecuencia de aparición se ha confeccionado un diagrama, donde aparecen varios grupos de algas que forman comunidades bastante características en algunas localidades de la costa catalana.

Aportacion a la flora bentonica de las islas Baleares IV. Flora de Ibiza

En este trabajo se presentan 21 táxones procedentes de diferentes localidades de la isla de Ibiza, 13 de los cuales suponen nuevas citas para el archipiélago balear y los restantes son especies poco conocidas en estas islas. Se destaca Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Falkenb.) Hauck, desconocida hasta ahora en las costas mediterráneas españolas y escasamente citada en el resto de este mar.