Persistence of the embryonic lateral marginal vein: report of two cases

PURPOSE: Congenital venous malformations of the lower limbs represent a particular challenge for the vascular surgeon. Persistence of fetal veins is a rare malformation, and the most common is the persistence of the lateral marginal vein usually observed in patients with Klippel-Trenaunnay Syndrome. The persistence of this embryonic vein as an isolated venous malformation without the other characteristics of the Klippel-Trenaunnay Syndrome has not yet been reported. This paper describes two cases. METHODS: Two patients, a 17-year-old male patient and a 16-year-old female, have had since their birth a large venous trunk in the lateral aspect of the right leg and thigh. The limbs underwent duplex scanning and phlebography. The surgical removal of the lateral marginal vein was performed. RESULTS: Surgical treatment resulted in very good functional and aesthetic results. Follow-up at 26 months showed no evidence of varicose vein recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve good results, surgical intervention may be indicated in cases of orthopedic deformity, hemorrhage, symptomatic, and unaesthetic lesions.

Creaciones fitogenéticas en Maíz con respuesta adaptativa a la zona marginal

La creación de una población mejorada de maíz, requiere al menos tres etapas: a) La conformación de una "población original" con variabilidad genética, b) La selección preliminar de plantas y/o progenies, y c) La "evaluación" en condiciones de campo de las mejores descendencias integradas en poblaciones experimentales. Precisamente, este proyecto está dirigido a la creación de variedades con estabilidad de rendimientos en las condiciones ambientales de la zona centro-norte de la Provincia de Córdoba, en donde el maíz es el único cereal que se cosecha y una de las mejores posibilidades como forrajera estival. Se ha inscripto el cv. "MPB-FCA 856", un maíz colorado duro creado para la producción de granos, que en marcado déficit hídrico produce rendimientos superiores a otros cultivares. Actualmente se dispone de una variedad sintética, próxima a ser inscripta como una nueva creación. Con orientación al desarrollo de otros cultivares, se plantean las líneas de trabajo que se enumeran seguidamente: Tema 1. Maíz Colorado Duro: Obtención de una variedad sintética. Se iniciará la caracterización varietal a fin de inscribir en el Instituto Nacional de Semillas el nuevo cv. sintético formado por 10 líneas S1, que presenta altos rendimientos de granos. Tema 2. Maíz Forrajero: Desarrollo de un cultivar con aptitud para ser utilizado como forraje en planta. En la zona marginal el pastoreo de lotes de maíz es común tanto en años con pocas precipitaciones pluviales como en ciclos favorables, por cuanto es una muy buena alternativa de forraje estival tanto en verdeo, silo o diferido. Se dispone de líneas propias con características de alto macollamiento y capacidad de rebrote; se plantea su mejoramiento por caracteres que hacen a la calidad forrajera, tales como porcentaje de materia seca, palatabilidad, fibra bruta, etc. Tema 3. Mejora en la eficiencia de selección para tolerancia a estrés hídrico en maíz ( Zea mays L.). Aportar evidencia experimental que mejore la eficiencia de la selección, cuando los genotipos se dispersarán en una gama de ambientes contrastantes por su disponibilidad hídrica. Se comenzará un esquema de selección recurrente en ambientes con diferente disponibilidad hídrica, empleando características que permitan identificar genotipos tolerantes. Paralelamente se implementarán metodologías de evaluación del germoplasma disponible mediante pruebas de laboratorio y campo, a fin de detectar fuentes de genes para tolerancia al estrés hídrico.

Subsidizing extra jobs : the economics of marginal employment subsidies

Employment subsidies, wage subsidies, unemployment, displacement

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 3 (1908-1909)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 10 (1915-1916)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 4 (1909-1910)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 2 (1907-1908)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 8 (1913-1914)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 1 (1907)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 9 (1914-1915)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 6 (1911-1912)

Science progress in the twentieth century : a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought.

v. 7 (1912-1913)

Diet of the ichthyofauna associated with marginal vegetation of a mangrove forest in southeastern Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the diet of fish species that use the mangrove vegetation for shelter and feeding in a river southeastern Brazil. The fieldwork, including collecting and underwater observations, was carried out in the dry (July and August 2004) and in the rainy season (February and March 2005) in order to assess the existence of seasonal variation in the diets. Seven kinds of food items were consumed, two of plant origin and five of animal origin. Crustaceans predominated in the diet of most species, either in the form of unidentified fragments or discriminated in eight groups. The predominance of species using mainly a single food source (crustaceans, principally Ostracoda and Tanaidacea) and the existence of seasonal variation in the diets of some species became very evident in the analysis food niche breadth, with a predominance of dietary specialists. In the Rio da Fazenda mangrove, the submersed marginal vegetation was used by the ichthyofauna as a locale for foraging, and principally as cover by bottom-feeding species. These species may be using the vegetation for protection from aerial and aquatic predators, or even from the pull of the current during the turn of the tide. In the study area, the great diversity of crustaceans constitutes an important food source for most fish species which adjusted their diet according to seasonal changes in food availability and to interactions with other species.

Morphological and functional study of the marginal sphincter of the sea anemones Phymactis clematis and Aulactinia marplatensis from intertidal of Mar del Plata, Argentina

It was made the characterization of marginal sphincter to the species Phymactis clematis (Drayton in Dana, 1849) and Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977), from intertidal ecosystem through their morphogical and functional study. The species P. clematis has a circumscript sphincter of palmate type. This muscle is constituted by a mesogloeal axis and several mesogloeal subaxes. Axis as well as subaxes give a support to the endoderm which border is smooth. Aulactinia marplatensis has a circunscript sphincter pinnate type. The axis has a truncated cone shape while in P. clematis the shape is cylindrical on its origin and it is bifurcated at the end. Both species experiments were carried out using the isolated muscles. They were stimulated at increasing KCl concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 mM. The results were analysed in the form of dose-response curves expressed in tension in grams force vs concentration. Contractil force increases in a sigmoid form to increasing KCl concentrations. The correlation between morphology and function and the differences shown in both species would be related to their intertidal distribution.

Una estimación del coste marginal en bienestar del sistema impositivo en España

Actual tax systems do not follow the normative recommendations of yhe theory of optimal taxation. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, the informational difficulties of knowing or estimating all relevant elasticities and parameters. Secondly, the political complexities that would arise if a new tax implementation would depart too much from current systems that are perceived as somewhat egalitarians. Hence an ex-novo overhaul of the tax system might just be non-viable. In contrast, a small marginal tax reform could be politically more palatable to accept and economically more simple to implement. The goal of this paper is to evaluate, as a step previous to any tax reform, the marginal welfare cost of the current tax system in Spain. We do this by using a computational general equilibrium model calibrated to a point-in-time micro database. The simulations results show that the Spanish tax system gives rise to a considerable marginal excess burden. Its order of magnitude is of about 0.50 money units for each additional money unit collected through taxes.