Evaluación de diferentes sustratos usados en la propagación de las especies de nopal (Opuntia ficus indica L.) y pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus Britt et Rose.), Managua

El estudio se realizó en la parcela orgánica de cultivos perennes del Departamento de Producción Vegetal (DPV) de la Universidad Nacional, ubicada en el km 12 carretera norte departamento de Managua. Los objetivos evaluados fueron Determinar la influencia de los tratamientos en la cantidad de brotes así como la longitud, diámetro y biomasa para los brotes y raíces emitidas en los cultivos nopal y pitahaya, seleccionar el sustrato adecuado en el cultivo de nopal y pitahaya diferente al que tradicionalmente usan los viveristas, Comparar los costos de producción vrs la ganancia neta. Los tratamientos que se utilizaron fueron abonos orgánicos: humus de lombriz + suelo (dosis de 50% cada uno), compost + suelo (dosis de 50% cada uno), lodo industrial + suelo (dosis de 50% cada uno) y arena (dosis de 100%). Se estableció un ensayo experimental con cuatro bloques cada uno con una línea de nopal y otra de pitahaya con diez observaciones por tratamiento con el objetivo de Comparar el efecto de diferentes sustratos en la cantidad de brotes así como la longitud, diámetro y biomasa para los brotes y raíces emitidas en los cultivos nopal (Opuntia ficus indica L.) y pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus Brittet Rose). La necesidad de propagar rápidamente la pitahaya (, y el nopal, requiere de sustratos que garanticen rapidez en el crecimiento y prendimiento del material vegetativo; al utilizar sustratos compactos y con mal drenaje causan deficiencia de oxígeno, con lo cual las raíces se asfixian y las plantas mueren. A los 63 días de haber establecido el ensayo los resultados obtenidos para ambas especies fueron que el humus de lombriz, compost y lodo industrial tuvieron mayor efecto en las variables sin embargo en los indicadores diámetro de raíz arena obtuvo el primer lugar en la especie de pitahaya y biomasa de las raíces peso seco obtiene el primer lugar para ambas especies.

Dosis de compost y su efecto en el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), Las Esquinas, Carazo

El nopal ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) es una planta perteneciente a la familia de las cactáceas que sobrevive en zonas áridas y semiáridas. En Nicaragua esta especie por su gran variabilidad genética, posibilidades de adaptabilidad y no requerir de importante cantidad de agua es una alternativa, principalmente en zonas con empobrecimiento paulatino de los suelos. La falta de alimento humano y animal, hace de este cultivo una planta importante para resolver este déficit alimentario. Este ensayo se estableció el 19 de mayo del 2010 en la finca Ecolote Ave María, ubicada en Las Esquinas, Carazo, en el km 37 ½ carretera Managua - San Marcos, Carazo. Se utilizó un diseño de Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) kg de compost por planta. El área de estudio comprendió 117 m 2 . El análisis de los datos registrados durante los cuatro meses del estudio se realizó mediante la técnica no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis, la cual indica que no existen diferencias estadísticas en ninguna de las variables.

Comportamiento del crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) en asocio con seis culltivos prehispánicos, Jardín Botánico, Apompuá, Carazo, 2013

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L),pertenece a la familia de las cactáceas, sobrevive en zonas áridas o semiáridas. En Nicaragua la producción como planta de cultivo es incipiente, pero puede representar una alternativa para la dieta alimenticia tanto para humanos como animales, es importante por ser fuente de alimento a bajo costo, las bondades radican en la diversidad de utilidades que posee tanto por su valor nutritivo como por la adaptabilidad en las zonas del trópico seco de nuestro país. Este ensayo se estableció en el Jardín Botánico de la Asociación del Desarrollo Comunitario del Departamento de Carazo (ADECA), ubicado en la comunidad de Apompuá del municipio de Diriamba - Carazo kilómetro 40 carretera La Boquita-Casares, durante el período de Julio 2013 a Febrero 2014. Se utilizó un Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos: pipián Cuarenteño (Cucurbita angyrosperma Huber), amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.), frijol blanco (Phaseolus cutifolius Gray), chan (Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit), batata o camote ( Ipomea batatas L. ) & yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), para evaluar con cuál de estos cultivos asociados tiene mejor rendimiento el nopal. El análisis de los datos obtenidos del estudio de nopal reflejan que obtuvo una sobrevivencia del 100 %, el mejor rendimiento 8285 kg ha -1 en el asocio con frijol blanco (T3), con respecto al comp ortamiento de los cultivos prehispánicos pipián Cuarenteño, amaranto, batata & yuca (T1,T2, T5 y T6) no llegaron a cosecha por no tolerar las condiciones climáticas de la zona, a excepción del frijol blanco y chan(T3 y T4), que completaron su ciclo biológico y obtuvieron una productividad en el asocio de 250 y 54% respectivamente. Palabras claves: zonas secas, alternativas de producción, cultivos precolombinos.

Studies on the influence of moisture and specific gravity on the strength properties of mango wood (Mangifera indica)

Influence of moisture and specific gravity on the strength of mango wood is discussed. The co-efficient of correlation between specific gravity and breaking strength was found to be non-significant. The relation of strength and moisture was found to be highly significant. The mean strength values indicated a reduction in strength when the moisture increased from 8.5 to 18.8%. However no appreciable difference in strength values could be observed when moisture increased above 37%. The strength-moisture relationship is a straight line, passing approximately through the fibre saturation point. By using the exponential formula, the breaking strength corresponding to any moisture level between zero and fibre saturation can be determined.

Producción de biomasas y calidad nutrimental de opuntia ficus-indica (L) mill para consumo humano cultivado en forma hidropónica.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Agrícolas) UANL, 2012.

Absorción y asimilación de nitrato y amonio en Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. en condiciones de hidroponia

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias Agrícolas con Especialidad en Agua-Suelo) UANL

Desarrollo radical y producción de nopalito Opuntia fieus-indica ( L.) Mill en función de la biodegradación del estiércol bovino en diferentes profundidades por Rafael Zúñiga Tarango

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Agrícolas con Especialidad en Agua-Suelo) U.A.N.L.

Determinación de normas nutrimentales en nopal (opuntia ficus-indica L.).

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias Agrícolas con Orientación Agua-Suelo) UANL, 2010.

Relación entre la producción de biomasa de opuntia ficus-indica (L.) y el índice térmico grados-día.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Agrícolas con Especialidad en Agua-Suelo) UANL, 2010.

Ação Sacietogênica de um inibidor de tripsina da semente de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.)

The seeds are excellent sources of proteinase inhibitors and have been highlighted owing to various applications. Among these applications are those in effect on food intake and weight gain that stand out because of the increasing number of obese individuals. This study evaluated the effects of trypsin inhibitor present in the seed of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) reduction in weight gain, biochemical and morphological alterations in Wistar rats. For this, we partially purified a trypsin inhibitor tamarind seed. This inhibitor, ITT2 at a concentration of 25 mg / kg body weight, over a period of 14 days was able to reduce food intake in rats (n = 6) by approximately 47%, causing a reduction in weight gain approximately 70% when compared with the control group. With the evaluation of the in vivo digestibility was demonstrated that the animals lost weight due to satiety, presented by the reduction of food intake, since there were significant differences between true digestibility for the control group (90.7%) and the group treated with inhibitor (89.88%). Additionally, we checked the deeds of ITT2 on biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase albumin, globulin, total protein and C-reactive protein) and these, when assessed in the study groups showed no statistically significant variations. We also evaluate the histology of some organs, liver, stomach, intestine, and pancreas, and showed no changes. And to evaluate the effect of trypsin inhibitor on food intake due to the satiety is regulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured plasma levels, and it was observed that the levels of CCK in animals receiving ITT2 were significantly higher ( 20 + 1.22) than in animals receiving only solution with casein (10.14 + 2.9) or water (5.92 + 1.15). Thus, the results indicate that the effect caused ITT2 satiety, reducing food intake, which in turn caused a reduction in weight gain in animals without causing morphological and biochemical changes, this effect caused by the elevation of plasma levels CCK

Biocompósitos poliméricos obtidos a partir da fração lignocelulósica e amilácea do caroço de manga (mangifera indica), Tommy atkins

This employment has the function the utilization of mango seeds Tommy Atkins, like starch source to obtain biopolymers and fibers source and nanowhiskers cellulose also, that will be use like reinforcing fillers in micro and nanobiocomposites polymeric. The fibers in natura removed from tegument mango seed were characterized, as weel as the treated fibers and nanowhiskers of cellulose extracted from them. The starch extracted from seed s almond showed a good performance (32%) and a high purity. The chemicals analyzes, of crystallinity and morphological of the fibers in natura, treated fibers and nanowhiskers of cellulose confirmed the efficacy of the chemical treatement performed to remove amorphous constituents (hemicellulose and lignina). The thermoplastic starch (TPS) obtained from two sources, corn starch and starchy material mango, was produced in a twin screw extruder with compositon mass of 62,5% of starch, 9,4% of water and 28,1% of glycerol. The starch material mango was the main objective of this work for the production of biodegradable materials, and the starch corn was utilized during the production stage to evaluate the processability of the starch and use as parameter for comparison, according of being a conventional source for obtaining conventional comercial starch. The incorporation of fibers (6% in mass) and nanowhiskers cellulose (1% in mass) in matrix of TPS to obtain composite and nanocomposite, respectively, it was performed in single screw extruder. The biocomposites and bionanocomposites polymeric were obtained and the TPS from starchy material mango presented better results of thermal and mechanicals properties when compared to TPS corn starch. Concludes that the sediment generated of the agroindustrial processing mango used presents potencial to producing of biodegradables materials

Hypolipemic and antioxidant activities from Tamarindus indica L. pulp fruit extract in hypercholesterolemic hamsters

Dietary modifications may significantly reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The present study addressed the effects of the crude extract from the pulp fruit of Tamarindus indica L. on lipid serum levels and early atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic hamsters in vivo, and the extract's antioxidant action, in vitro. Animals were fed on either chow or atherogenic diet during 10 weeks and concomitantly received either water or T indica L. extract for drinking. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic hamsters with the T. indica pulp fruit extract (5%) led to a decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (50%), non-HDL cholesterol (73%) and triglyceride (60%), and to an increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (61%). In vitro, the extract presented radical scavenging ability, as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals assays, and led to decreased lipid peroxidation in serum, as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. In vivo, the extract improved the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system, as assessed by the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Together these results indicate the potential of tamarind extracts in diminishing the risk of atherosclerosis development in humans. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of Glycolic Extract of Dillenia indica L. Combined With Microcurrent Stimulation on Experimental Lesions in Wistar Rats

This study evaluated the wound healing activity of a glycolic extract of Dillenia indica (GED) prepared from the mature fruits of the plant applied alone or in combination with microcurrent stimulation to skin wounds surgically induced on the back of Wistar rats. Methods. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: (A) negative control group; (B) group receiving microcurrent application (MC; [10 mu A/2 mins]); (C) group treated with GED; (D) group treated with an emulsion containing GED; (E) group treated with GED and MC, and (F) group treated with the emulsion containing GED and MC. Tissue samples were obtained 2, 6, and 10 days after injury and underwent structural and morphometric analysis, Results. There were observed differences in wound healing among the various treatments when compared to the control group. The combination of microcurrent plus extract or microcurrent plus emulsion containing GED was advantageous in all of the studied parameters (P < 0.05) when compared to the other groups with positive effects seen regarding newly formed tissue, number of fibroblasts, and number of newly formed blood vessels. The morphometric data confirmed the structural findings. Conclusion. Microcurrent application alone or combined with GED exerted significant effects on wound healing in this experimental model. This was probably due to the efficacy of microcurrent application since the extract alone did not significantly accelerate the healing process. D indica fruit extract most likely participates in the wound healing process as a result of its anti-inflammatory properties.

Antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile and tocopherols of Tamarindus indica L. seeds

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)