O sentido de ser professor de Educação Física pelos “modos de ser sendo junto ao outro no mundo” perverso- fascista e democrático: a vivência real & no filme “Má Educação”

Quais são os “modos de ser sendo junto ao outro no mundo” professores de Educação Física da Prefeitura Municipal da Serra, ES, situados no que se denomina “real” e do professor de Educação Física padre José no filme “Má Educação” de Pedro Almodóvar situado no que se denomina “ficcional”? Que contribuições reflexivas podem trazer tais dados (analisados hermeneuticamente) para a Formação Continuada de professores de Educação Física [3]? OBJETIVO: Descrever os “modos de ser sendo junto ao outro no mundo” de [1] professores de Educação Física que trabalham em escolas públicas da Prefeitura Municipal da Serra, ES & do [2] padre José, personagem ficcional, professor de Educação Física no filme espanhol de 2004 “Má Educação” fazendo-o primeiramente através de uma pesquisa clássica (descritiva e hermenêutica) e depois uma literaturalizada e artística (hermenêutica). MARCO TEÓRICO: Trata-se de uma proposta discursiva (teórica) fenomenológica existencial de tendência marxista criada por Pinel; METODOLOGIA: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa fenomenológica existencial seguindo recomendações de Forghieri (2001) e Pinel (2006; 2012) - dentre outros. Os 29 professores de Educação Física foram provocados a mostrarem os seus “modos de ser sendo junto ao outro no mundo” do ofício professor de Educação Física. Depois essa mesma provocação foi feita ao personagem do filme. RESULTADOS & DISCUSSÃO: Descreveram-se [1] os “modos de ser sendo junto ao outro no mundo” dos professores de Educação Física na dimensão do real e do ficcional (cinema), e não se objetivou comparação por mais que isso tenha ficado evidente. Esses professores, em 2011/2012, experienciando uma democracia (im)perfeita brasileira [que tem até tendências neofascistas], mais ainda assim democracia - foram compreendidos sempre tomando um norte/ rumo/ direção em subjetivação pelos Guias de Sentido (GS – Pinel) democráticos reconhecimento [demanda do grupo em ser valorizado, reconhecido], em (im) potência [impotência e potencia possível de vir a lume sempre; a força e seu outro lado, a fragilidade de ser], afetando [o que se pratica e pensa/sente afeta a si mesmo, o outro e o mundo; o afetar produz mais subjetivações], sonhando [há demanda sempre de realizar projetos de vida; o projeto de ser sempre devir, em construção sempre; é uma precisão imprecisa], saudavelmente insano [o quão perto pode estar a experienciar a sanidade e a loucura e o quanto uma loucura é sã, pois criativa, inventiva, produtiva, opositora ao estabelecido] – eles mesmos junto ao outro no mundo tornando-se sujeitos. [2] Já o professor de Educação Física padre José da película almodovariana é um professor que de imediato pode ser apreendido como sólido e fixo na sua perversão fascista, ele como parte legitimadora do Estado espanhol de Franco, na década de 60, provavelmente em 1964, que é, na ficção, o espaço-tempo de José e suas ações pedagógicas e psicológicas (e de Educação Física). Mas não é apenas o fascismo que torna o fascista um criador de um cotidiano fascista, pois afinal, paralelamente a ele, no concreto e na ficção, haviam pessoas generosas, resistentes e resilientes que atuavam contra essas pressões quase na maioria das vezes advindas do todo (Estado) – eram pessoas democráticas individualmente e em pequenos e grandes grupos; eram exemplo de resistência contra o estabelecido pela ideologia dominante de então. José numa instituição fascista não conseguiu refletir e agir diferentemente, isto é, com mais saúde mental, escolhendo (na liberdade) ser fascista, ser menor (pouco) – optou não ser-mais. Finalmente os mesmos dados são apresentados em outra estética possível e sempre aberta, inconclusa, devir... As artes e a poesia (bem como a literatura) procuram cuidadosamente desvelar os “modos de ser junto ao outro no mundo” professor de Educação Física do mundo real e do imaginário (fílmico) desvelando muitas vezes indissociados. PÓSCRITO: O autor descreve as possíveis implicações do seu estudo para educação física pautado sempre em uma proposta de criar um discursso insubmisso focando na ideia de que uma pesquisa demanda narrar a vida, e literaturalizar a ciência.

Detection of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility

PURPOSE: Infertility is one of the less common presenting features associated with testicular tumors. We evaluated the histologic and biochemical findings, and pregnancy outcome in patients presenting with infertility who were found to have testicular tumors. METHODS: Seven patients with infertility were found to have testicular cancer over a 15-year period. All patients had a testicular ultrasound evaluation. The indications for the ultrasound were testicular pain in 2 patients, suspicious palpable mass in 4, and to rule out the presence of germ cell neoplasia in a patient with carcinoma in situ detected on a previous biopsy. Physical exam, histological findings, hormonal levels, tumor markers, and pregnancy outcome results were recorded from the patients medical charts. RESULTS: Two men had elevated serum follicle stimulant hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, 1 of them had an abnormally low serum testosterone level. Tumor markers were normal in all patients. In 4 patients the tumor was on the right side and in 3 on the left. The histological diagnoses were seminoma (n = 5), Leydig cell tumor (n = 1), and carcinoma in situ (n = 1). Of the 7 patients, 5 underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. Two patients had sperm cryopreserved. Follow up on fertility status was available in 6 cases. One patient has established a pregnancy and 5 did not achieve a pregnancy after treatment for their cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the men who have testicular cancer and male infertility have a seminona. Therefore, men who present with infertility should be thoroughly investigated to rule out such serious, concomitant diseases along with their infertility.

De la vivència a l'experiència: la significació del medi aquàtic en el desenvolupament de l'infant

This work gets deeply into the comprehension of the aquatic medium as a significant space for the for a psychomotor intervention in the development of the children. Its starting point is a methodological pose of philosophical nature which uses phenomenology as the way for discovering. From this stand, the research sequence and process are justified. They both show an underlying attitude which has guided the whole process of turning the learning-by-experiencing the phenomena into experienced-knowledge of it. In this way the characteristic gnoseological reduction of the phenomenology has been used, while proceeding to the observation of children evolving in the water. Once the construction process of this work was established, the reduction of the amount of concepts and ideas began. This is its most characteristic process of the phenomenological research. First, an approach to the aquatic medium as a pluridimensional space has been made. Afterwards a study of the up to three years old child from a global perspective which includes the emotional, the social the cognitive and the psychomotor dimensions has been done. At last, the essence of the psychomotor as a model for the pedagogical action has been studied. From this three distinctive elements, and as a result of this research, a proposal of psychomotor intervention in the aquatic medium has been built.

The existence of nursing in caring for terminally ills’life: a phenomenological study

By taking care of cancer patients in their process of end of life, nursing experience situations of suffering before the anguish of others. This study aimed to understand the meaning and significance attributed by the nurses from the palliative care cancer hospital. This is a phenomenological research, grounded in Heidegger’s thinking, performed with 13 nurses, who work at Oncology hospitalward, through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed according to the steps recommended by Josgrilberg. From understanding the statementsof the subjects, two ontological themesemerged: Feeling satisfaction and love in the care offered and Feeling anger and inabilitytowards terminally ill patients.We inferred that working in Oncology Ward is something rewarding for these professionals, but it entails physical and mental suffering, from feeling helpless before the death-dying process. Thus, we showedthat nursing professionals need to be recognized as human beings and as such, also deserving of care.

Germ cell-specific targeting of DICER or DGCR8 reveals a novel role for endo-siRNAs in the progression of mammalian spermatogenesis and male fertility.

Small non-coding RNAs act as critical regulators of gene expression and are essential for male germ cell development and spermatogenesis. Previously, we showed that germ cell-specific inactivation of Dicer1, an endonuclease essential for the biogenesis of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs), led to complete male infertility due to alterations in meiotic progression, increased spermatocyte apoptosis and defects in the maturation of spermatozoa. To dissect the distinct physiological roles of miRNAs and endo-siRNAs in spermatogenesis, we compared the testicular phenotype of mice with Dicer1 or Dgcr8 depletion in male germ cells. Dgcr8 mutant mice, which have a defective miRNA pathway while retaining an intact endo-siRNA pathway, were also infertile and displayed similar defects, although less severe, to Dicer1 mutant mice. These included cumulative defects in meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis, resulting in oligo-, terato-, and azoospermia. In addition, we found by RNA sequencing of purified spermatocytes that inactivation of Dicer1 and the resulting absence of miRNAs affected the fine tuning of protein-coding gene expression by increasing low level gene expression. Overall, these results emphasize the essential role of miRNAs in the progression of spermatogenesis, but also indicate a role for endo-siRNAs in this process.

Markedly blunted metabolic effects of fructose in healthy young female subjects compared with male subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic effects of fructose in healthy male and female subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fasting metabolic profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity were assessed by means of a hyperglycemic clamp in 16 healthy young male and female subjects after a 6-day fructose overfeeding. RESULTS: Fructose overfeeding increased fasting triglyceride concentrations by 71 vs. 16% in male vs. female subjects, respectively (P < 0.05). Endogenous glucose production was increased by 12%, alanine aminotransferase concentration was increased by 38%, and fasting insulin concentrations were increased by 14% after fructose overfeeding in male subjects (all P < 0.05) but were not significantly altered in female subjects. Fasting plasma free fatty acids and lipid oxidation were inhibited by fructose in male but not in female subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term fructose overfeeding produces hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic insulin resistance in men, but these effects are markedly blunted in healthy young women.

Making Sense of Women Managers’ Identities through the Constructions of Managerial Career and Gender

This doctoral thesis is about gendered managerial identity construction of women managers. Finnish women managers have been researched from the viewpoints of equality and discrimination issues, careers, and women’s overall positions in work life. However, managerial identity has remained as an unexplored territory. The phenomenon is approached discourse analytically; an interview material that is gathered from 13 women managers in the South-Karelian region is in focus. By studying discourses it is possible to open up understandings how meanings are given to experiences. Women managers’ identity construction is examined from the perspectives of managerial career, managerial practices, and gender. Gender is a meta-concept in this research, as it so profoundly affects our sense of being and acting, although the meaning of it often remains undervalued, invisible, or even denied. This research shows that gender becomes highly visible in managerial contexts, when it is used for some specific purpose, that is, treated as a strategy. By studying women managers it is possible to demystify often so abstract managerial ideals, and open up their taken-for-granted masculine subtexts. It is argued that from the point of view of conducting managerial work, the meaning of self-knowledge appears as critical.

Older Consumers’ Adoption of Online Shopping

The thesis is concerned with the online shopping behavior of older adults, who in this study are at least 60 years old. At the moment, the population is ageing and consumers are buying more and more via the Internet. The objective of the thesis is to understand the large group of older adults in Finland as online customers.The study explores older consumers’ adoption of online shopping with a qualitative research, and it is situated in the research tradition of hermeneutic phenomenology. Phenomenology focuses on the life-world of people. The empirical data was collected by three focus groups with 13 participants altogether. The focus group conversations brought forth that there is not tremendous difference in the motives of older consumers to shop online compared to other age groups. The study strengthened the previous conception of a change toward more ageless market. However, online stores should be designed to accommodate some special needs of older consumers as they occasionally struggle with the logic of websites. Finnish older consumers have adopted online shopping because of perceived convenience and because of tolerable perceived risk during first online shopping experience. Positive experiences strengthen positive attitude toward electronic channel.

Assessment of the degree of contamination of rat germ cell preparations using specific cDNA probes

Recent reports showing a decrease in sperm count in men have brought new concerns about male infertility. Animal models have been widely used to provide some relevant information about the human male gamete, and extrapolations are made to men and to the clinical context. The present study assesses one of the methods used for separation of germ cells of the adult rat testis, namely centrifugal elutriation followed by density gradients (Percoll®). This method was chosen since it presents the best results for cell purity in separating germ cells from the rat testis. A comparison between continuous and discontinuous Percoll® gradients was performed in order to identify the best type of gradient to separate the cells. Maximal cell purity was obtained for spermatocytes (81 ± 8.2%, mean ± SEM) and spermatids (84 ± 2.6%) using centrifugal elutriation followed by continuous Percoll® gradients. A significant difference in purity was observed between elongating spermatids harvested from continuous Percoll® gradients and from discontinuous gradients. Molecular analysis was used to assess cell contamination by employing specific probes, namely transition protein 2 (TP2), mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II (COX II), and sulfated glycoprotein 1 (SGP1). Molecular analysis of the samples demonstrated that morphological criteria are efficient in characterizing the main composition of the cell suspension, but are not reliable for identifying minimal contamination from other cells. Reliable cell purity data should be established using molecular analysis

Prevalence of Y chromosome deletions in a Brazilian population of nonobstructive azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men

We determined the prevalence of Y chromosome deletions in a population of 60 Brazilian nonobstructive azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men. PCR-based screening of microdeletions was performed on lymphocyte DNA for the presence of 14 sequence-tagged sites (STS) located in the azoospermic factor (AZF) on the Yq chromosome. All STS were amplified efficiently in samples from 12 fertile men tested, but failed to be amplified in samples from fertile women, indicating the specificity of PCR conditions for Yq screening. Overall, 4 of the 60 infertile patients tested (6.7%) exhibited deletion of the Y chromosome, 2 of them being severely oligozoospermic patients (P10 and P32) and 2 azoospermic men (patients P47 and P57). Patients P47 and P57 presented larger deletions in the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc subregions, with apparent loss of Yq material evidenced by karyotype analysis. Patients P10 and P32 presented deletions confined to the AZFc region, involving the DAZ locus. Male relatives of patients P10 and P32 had no Y chromosome deletions and presented a normal karyotype, suggesting a de novo status of the deletions found. Our data add to the growing literature showing that microdeletions of the Y chromosome can be the cause of male idiopathic infertility.

Somatic cytogenetic and azoospermia factor gene microdeletion studies in infertile men

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of somatic chromosomal anomalies and Y chromosomal microdeletions (azoospermia factor genes, AZF) in infertile males who seek assisted reproduction. These studies are very important because the assisted reproduction techniques (mainly intracytoplasmic sperm injection) bypass the natural selection process and some classical chromosomal abnormalities, microdeletions of AZF genes or some deleterious genic mutations could pass through generations. These genetic abnormalities can cause in the offspring of these patients male infertility, ambiguous external genitalia, mental retardation, and other birth defects. We studied 165 infertile men whose infertility was attributable to testicular problems (60 were azoospermic, 100 were oligospermic and 5 were asthenospermic). We studied 100 metaphases per patient with GTG banding obtained from temporary lymphocyte culture for chromosomal abnormality detection and performed a genomic DNA analysis using 28 Y chromosome-specific sequence-tagged sites for Y AZF microdeletion detection. Karyotyping revealed somatic anomalies in 16 subjects (16/165 = 9.6%). Of these 16, 12 were in the azoospermic group (12/60 = 20%) and 4 were in the oligospermic group (4/100 = 4%). The most common chromosomal anomaly was Klinefelter syndrome (10/165 = 6%). Microdeletions of AZF genes were detected in 12 subjects (12/160 = 7.5%). The frequencies detected are similar to those described previously. These results show the importance of genetic evaluation of infertile males prior to assisted reproduction. Such evaluation can lead to genetic counseling and, consequently, to primary and secondary prevention of mental retardation and birth defects.

Escape and connection : a phenomenological investigation into the meaning of an after-school program for adolescent boys

The purpos e of this phenomenological research is to explore the meaning of a YMCA-sponsored after-school recreation program in the lives of four adolescent boys. Listening to youth voice is impor t ant to the ability of othe r s to design, implement and evaluate high-quality programs tha t facilitate learning opportunities tha t a r e meaningful to participants. Within the context of interviews, task-based activities we r e used to ga the r data. Guided by Creswell's analytic spiral (1998), data wa s analyzed according to van Manen's (1990) thematic analysis and Caeilli's (2000) creative narrative analysis. It wa s found tha t this after-school progr am provided the s e adolescents with the opportunity to escape from the i r monotonous after-school activities and the instability of the i r home and school environments. Also, they we r e connected wi th positive peers, caring adults and the wide r community, opportunities tha t we r e limited in othe r aspects of the i r lives. Methodological issues a r e also discussed.

Signification de l’expérience de la phase palliative du cancer, pour des personnes atteintes et leurs familles des Baléares, alors que le pronostic leur est connu

Le cancer est considéré comme l’une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité et, en Espagne, représente à lui seul 25% du taux de mortalité globale. Lorsqu’une personne et sa famille font l’expérience de traverser la phase avancée du cancer, celles-ci vivent un grand choc émotionnel où les souffrances physique, psychique et spirituelle peuvent être présentes. L’information donnée par les professionnels de la santé aux membres de la famille, incluant la personne atteinte, en ce qui concerne le diagnostic et le pronostic du cancer est maintenant plus fréquente dans le contexte méditerranéen. Il n'est pas clair, toutefois, comment cette nouvelle approche est vécue par les familles. C’est pourquoi, le but de cette recherche qualitative de type phénoménologique est d’explorer la signification de l’expérience de familles dont l’un des membres est atteint d’un cancer terminal, alors que tous connaissent le pronostic de la maladie. Les résultats obtenus reposent sur l’analyse en profondeur d’entrevues réalisées auprès de quatre couples. L’analyse des données, à l’aide de la méthode phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997), fait émerger deux thèmes centraux caractérisant la signification de cette expérience de la phase palliative de cancer, alors que l’information sur le mauvais pronostic est connue tant par la personne atteinte que sa famille. Le premier thème central est celui de vivre intensément la perte de la vie rêvée et comporte le vécu suite au choc du pronostic fatal, le fait de vivre constamment des sentiments et des émotions liés à différentes pertes telles que la tristesse, la frustration, l’inquiétude et l’incertitude, et l’espoir de ne pas souffrir. Le deuxième thème central qui ressort est le développement de stratégies par les couples participants afin de rendre leur vie plus supportable. Ces stratégies sont les suivantes : accueillir l’information et le soutien professionnel, retrouver une certaine normalité dans la vie quotidienne, profiter de la vie, recevoir l’aide de la famille et des amis, maintenir une communication cognitive et instrumentale ouverte, se protéger au niveau émotionnel et envisager l’avenir sans la personne aimée. Tous ces éléments, dans le contexte individuel de vie de chaque famille transforment chacun de ces vécus en une expérience unique qui doit être comprise et respectée comme telle par tous les professionnels de la santé impliqués. Les connaissances développées par cette recherche permettront aux infirmières de mieux comprendre l’expérience de la phase palliative du cancer pour des couples dont le diagnostic et le pronostic fatal sont connus par tous, ceci afin d’améliorer leur qualité des soins. Afin de poursuivre le développement du savoir infirmier, il est recommandé de poursuivre des études afin d’explorer plus en profondeur la communication au sein des couples.

Crisis or failure of hegemonic masculinities in David Lodge’s Campus Trilogy

This bachelor’s thesis examines the crisis of hegemonic masculinities in David Lodge’s Campus Trilogy. In the course of the thesis, I demonstrate that the male characters in the novels aspire to hegemonic ideals of masculinity, but that ultimately most of them fail in their aspirations. However, I also show that this does not lead to the abandonment of this pursuit, but merely to its reformulation and a continued attempt of male characters to aspire to this reformulated ideal. In order to achieve this, I conduct a close reading of the novels and based on this, first determine the predominant types of hegemonic masculinities in each novel, and then whether certain characters aspire to these hegemonic ideals. Next I analyze whether or not they are successful. This analysis is chiefly based on the sociological concept of hegemonic masculinities developed by Connell. With the help of this concept, this thesis shows that several types of masculinities can be identified in the novels and that these exist in hierarchical relation to each other. Furthermore, it shows that these aspirations and the ideals themselves are always prone to crises that are brought on by societal changes in their environment. However, it is also demonstrated that in most cases these crises do not lead to the collapse of the ideal or the failure of its pursuit, but rather to the reformulation and continuation of both.

Neuromarketing: qué sabe de ti, que los demás no

En este documento se describe la forma en la que el neuromarketing hace que la segmentación de género, sea una herramienta funcional para poder conocer al cliente y sus deseos. Se explorará el mercadeo desde sus inicios, mostrando cómo evoluciona hasta enfocarse en el cliente como su principal objetivo. Al llegar a este punto el mercadeo se encuentra con un nuevo aliado, la neurociencia, la cual le muestra que por medio de diversas técnicas tiene la capacidad de medir las reacciones de su consumidor, a los distintos estímulos que le envía para cautivarlo. En este proceso se dan a conocer las tecnologías más usadas por el neuromarketing para este fin; además se expondrá parte de la anatomía del consumidor con la que interactúa el mercadeo: sus sentidos y su cerebro. Posteriormente se explica cómo a través del entendimiento de las percepciones y comportamiento del cliente, puede beneficiarse el mercadeo en sus propósitos y su vez, satisfacer al mercado en lo que realmente quiere.