Alternative News Sources as 'Collaboratory' Journalism. A case study of Helsingin Sanomat and its relation with the Youth Voice Editorial Board

The new paradigm of connectedness and empowerment brought by the interactivity feature of the Web 2.0 has been challenging the traditional centralized performance of mainstream media. The corporation has been able to survive the strong winds by transforming itself into a global multimedia business network embedded in the network society. By establishing networks, e.g. networks of production and distribution, the global multimedia business network has been able to sight potential solutions by opening the doors to innovation in a decentralized and flexible manner. Under this emerging context of re-organization, traditional practices like sourcing need to be re- explained and that is precisely what this thesis attempts to tackle. Based on ICT and on the network society, the study seeks to explain within the Finnish context the particular case of Helsingin Sanomat (HS) and its relations with the youth news agency, Youth Voice Editorial Board (NÄT). In that sense, the study can be regarded as an explanatory embedded single case study, where HS is the principal unit of analysis and NÄT its embedded unit of analysis. The thesis was able to reach explanations through interrelated steps. First, it determined the role of ICT in HS’s sourcing practices. Then it mapped an overview of the HS’s sourcing relations and provided a context in which NÄT was located. And finally, it established conceptualized institutional relational data between HS and NÄT for their posterior measurement through social network analysis. The data set was collected via qualitative interviews addressed to online and offline editors of HS as well as interviews addressed to NÄT’s personnel. The study concluded that ICT’s interactivity and User Generated Content (UGC) are not sourcing tools as such but mechanism used by HS for getting ideas that could turn into potential news stories. However, when it comes to visual communication, some exemptions were found. The lack of official sources amidst the immediacy leads HS to rely on ICT’s interaction and UGC. More than meets the eye, ICT’s input into the sourcing practice may be more noticeable if the interaction and UGC is well organized and coordinated into proper and innovative networks of alternative content collaboration. Currently, HS performs this sourcing practice via two projects that differ, precisely, by the mode they are coordinated. The first project found, Omakaupunki, is coordinated internally by Sanoma Group’s owned media houses HS, Vartti and Metro. The second project found is coordinated externally. The external alternative sourcing network, as it was labeled, consists of three actors, namely HS, NÄT (professionals in charge) and the youth. This network is a balanced and complete triad in which the actors connect themselves in relations of feedback, recognition, creativity and filtering. However, as innovation is approached very reluctantly, this content collaboration is a laboratory of experiments; a ‘COLLABORATORY’.

We Are All Georgians: The Neoconservative Narrative on the Russia-Georgia War

In this thesis I examine the U.S. foreign policy discussion that followed the war between Russia and Georgia in August 2008. In the politically charged setting that preceded the presidential elections, the subject of the debate was not only Washington's response to the crisis in the Caucasus but, more generally, the direction of U.S. foreign policy after the presidency of George W. Bush. As of November 2010, the reasons for and consequences of the Russia-Georgia war continue to be contested. My thesis demonstrates that there were already a number of different stories about the conflict immediately after the outbreak of hostilities. I want to argue that among these stories one can discern a “neoconservative narrative” that described the war as a confrontation between the East and the West and considered it as a test for Washington’s global leadership. I draw on the theory of securitization, particularly on a framework introduced by Holger Stritzel. Accordingly, I consider statements about the conflict as “threat texts” and analyze these based on the existing discursive context, the performative force of the threat texts and the positional power of the actors presenting them. My thesis suggests that a notion of narrativity can complement Stritzel’s securitization framework and take it further. Threat texts are established as narratives by attaching causal connections, meaning and actorship to the discourse. By focusing on this process I want to shed light on the relationship between the text and the context, capture the time dimension of a speech act articulation and help to explain how some interpretations of the conflict are privileged and others marginalized. I develop the theoretical discussion through an empirical analysis of the neoconservative narrative. Drawing on Stritzel’s framework, I argue that the internal logic of the narrative which was presented as self-evident can be analyzed in its historicity. Asking what was perceived to be at stake in the conflict, how the narrative was formed and what purposes it served also reveals the possibility for alternative explanations. My main source material consists of transcripts of think tank seminars organized in Washington, D.C. in August 2008. In addition, I resort to the foreign policy discussion in the mainstream media.

Mídias e manifestação popular: um embate de posicionamentos discursivos entre a imprensa brasileira e as mídias alternativas

Objetiva-se, neste trabalho, compreender as lutas de resistência e os poderes que estão em jogo no contexto de manifestações populares de dois mil e treze, no Brasil, realizando uma análise discursiva de duas notícias televisivas. Por meio deste estudo, analisamos a imagem construída acerca dos participantes e suas motivações e entendemos como a grande imprensa retratou as manifestações em contraponto com o que foi apresentado nas novas mídias alternativas, elegendo como entradas linguísticas as designações atribuídas aos eventos e aos seus participantes e as vozes relatadas nas notícias. O estudo que ora se apresenta trata de uma análise do discurso midiático, segundo a teoria da AD de linha francesa, com base, nos postulados de Maingueneau (2008b), através da semântica global proposta pelo autor. Consideramos ainda que uma entrada que privilegia o estudo dos performativos e pressupostos (Rocha, 2014) vem permitindo avanços notáveis nos encaminhamentos de uma perspectiva discursiva. Para fundamentar nossa abordagem teórica, seguiremos a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem (Bakhtin, 2003) e a noção de gêneros do discurso através dos critérios de Maingueneau (2011). Além disso, abordaremos as noções de poder e as lutas de resistência (Foucault, 1979) e a produção de subjetividade por meio dos agenciamentos e das máquinas de expressão (Guattari & Rolnik, 2005). Através de um estudo sobre as imagens no campo midiático, pretendemos desnaturalizar a visão de que o telejornal apresenta a verdade única e concreta em suas notícias, mostrando que essas notícias são apenas uma das diversas perspectivas de realidade possíveis, seguindo os postulados de Wolff (2005). O corpus de análise selecionado foi obtido a partir da página na internet do telejornal, com a retirada dos vídeos das manifestações dos dias vinte e três e vinte e quatro de julho de dois mil e treze, pelo site do Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo de televisão. Com esses vídeos, poderemos observar que as polêmicas e os posicionamentos discursivos entre as diferentes mídias são evidenciados e perpassam esse evento. Busca-se, enfim, realizar uma análise mais apurada do discurso midiático, que, por sua vez, evidencie a relação entre as modalidades da linguagem: verbal e não verbal e o seu funcionamento. Como resultados, observamos que as notícias podem apresentar um descolamento entre as modalidades da linguagem, ou seja, entre o que é falado e o que é mostrado ao telespectador. Sendo assim, a parte verbal (designações) evidencia um possível equilíbrio entre policiais e manifestantes, diferentemente, do que pudemos identificar na parte não verbal (vozes e imagens) da notícia. Por fim, através desse deslocamento percebemos que a ideia de um aparente equilíbrio entre as partes é mas um efeito produzido pela própria linguagem do que uma evidência empírica exterior à notícia.

Criminal Profiling : A Continuing History

Chapter 1 RAE2008

The visual representation of the “indignados”. A visual analysis about the characterization of the participants of the 15-M movement.

The aim of this work is to show the type of media coverage done by the newspapers La Razón, El País and Público about the 15-M social movement during the time that the camping at Sol took place. Specifically, in terms of how the characterization of the “indignados” (outraged) got made. Based on our previous descriptive observations, we approached a visual analysis of the photographs published on the paper editions of those mainstream media from May 15-June 12 of the 2011. we started from a total sample of 379 items, developing:1) A content analysis of La Razón, El País, and Público; the most frequents words of each media, articles classifications from the reviews found on them (expositive, positive-evaluation, negative-evaluation).2) An analysis of the 408 images obtained from the total sample, which establishes a clear evolution of the “indignados” profile and how differently each media took the movement as such. That’s, when they stop naming them “indignados”, and recognize its nature as social movement by calling it: “Movimiento 15-M"...

Rhetorical Topographies of Post-Earthquake L'Aquila: Locality, Activism, and Citizenship Engagement

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2014

The interpretation of music videos : an interactive relationship between medium and viewer

There is a great deal of evidence to support the examination of an interactive relationship between the medium and the viewer in the interpretation of mainstream media. The exact nature of this relationship, however, is not well understood. The current study was carried out to assess the variables that may help explain why certain people interpret media, such as music videos, differently than others. Jensen's concept of reception analysis describes the relationship between the medium and the audience, and thus remains a strong focus within this study. Differences in the interpretation of music videos were investigated as a function of Absorption, gender role, screen size, age and viewing experience. Multiple regression analyses uncovered independent predictions of sexuality and violence scores by absorption and experience, as well as an interaction between absorption and screen size in the sexuality rating of the music videos.

Animals without Borders: Farmed Animal Resistance in New York

While billions of farmed animals are immobilized within agribusiness, every year some of these animals manage to break free. This thesis examines the stories of those who flee slaughterhouses and the public response to these individuals. My objective is to understand how animals resist and the role that their stories play in disrupting the ways that humans, particularly as consumers, are distanced from the violence of animal enterprises. Included are six vignettes that allow for an in-depth case study of those who have escaped within New York State. Located in the interdisciplinary field of critical animal studies, my inquiry draws upon new animal geographies, transnational feminisms, and critical discourse analysis. This contribution provides discussion of farmed animal resistance in particular and compares experiences and representations of their resistance from both the “view from below,” which is learned through the animals’ caretakers, and a “view from above,” which is gleaned from their representations in corporate-driven mainstream media.

Misrepresenting Russia : Western perceptions of the Putin years, 1999-2008

L’ascension de Vladimir Poutine à la présidence de la Russie fut un point tournant dans l’histoire de la Russie et de ses relations avec l’occident. Lorsqu’il est comparé aux politiques plus pro-occidentales de son prédécesseur, Boris Eltsine, le nouveau nationalisme russe de Poutine changea la relation de la Russie avec l’Occident. Ce texte utilise des articles publiés dans quatre journaux influents de l’Occident—le Washington Post, le New York Times, le Guardian et l’Independent—pour montrer comment l’Occident percevait la Russie entre 1999 et 2008. Poutine fut longuement critiqué pour avoir transformé la « démocratie », instauré par l’Occident dans les années postsoviétiques, en autocratie qui reflétait plus le contexte politico-social traditionnel russe. La Russie refusa de se soumettre aux intérêts de l’Occident. Les médias populaires occidentaux, reflétant les intérêts de leurs gouvernements respectifs, ont rondement critiqué la nouvelle direction de la Russie. L’obligation perçue par les médias occidentaux de promouvoir la « démocratie » autour du globe les a menés à condamner Poutine et la Russie, ce qui créa un sentiment de « russophobie ».

A biopolítica e o paradoxo da objectividade jornalística : um estudo de caso sobre os conflitos Israel-Palestina

O propósito desta investigação é identificar e analisar, a partir de um estudo de caso, o paradoxo com que se confrontam os media de referência ocidentais na cobertura dos conflitos Israel-Palestina: um trabalho jornalístico dividido entre a retórica da objectividade e a necessidade de conviver, de se apoiar e, via de regra, reproduzir o paradigma da biopolítica - à luz do qual se justifica a necessidade de controlo e subjugação dos corpos, por questões de segurança e de prevenção do terrorismo. A partir do entendimento clássico de que a objectividade - mesmo sendo uma utopia - é factor desejável e figura como componente basilar no ritual estratégico da produção jornalística, busca-se aqui remontar as origens dessa conceituação, mostrando que ela emerge numa altura da história imediatamente posterior àquela em que Michel Foucault localiza o nascimento do sistema biopolítico. Uma análise foucaultiana de discurso permitiu identificar pontos de cristalização desse paradigma em um grupo de notícias extraídas de dois jornais de referência portugueses. As teorias de Hannah Arendt e de Giogio Agamben sobre a condição humana na Modernidade surgem, então, como chaves alinhadas ao pensamento de Foucault e subsidiam as reflexões conclusivas acerca dos quadros discursivos identificados neste trabalho.

Punk, Politics and British (fan)zines, 1974-84:'While the world was dying, did you wonder why?

This article recovers and contextualizes the politics of British punk fanzines produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It argues that fanzines – and youth cultures more generally – provide a contested cultural space for young people to express their ideas, opinions and anxieties. Simultaneously, it maintains that punk fanzines offer the historian a portal into a period of significant socio-economic, political and cultural change. As well as presenting alternative cultural narratives to the formulaic accounts of punk and popular music now common in the mainstream media, fanzines allow us a glimpse of the often radical ideas held by a youthful milieu rarely given expression in the political arena.

Extraction of unexpected rules from Twitter hashtags and its application to sport events

Twitter has become a dependable microblogging tool for real time information dissemination and newsworthy events broadcast. Its users sometimes break news on the network faster than traditional newsagents due to their presence at ongoing real life events at most times. Different topic detection methods are currently used to match Twitter posts to real life news of mainstream media. In this paper, we analyse tweets relating to the English FA Cup finals 2012 by applying our novel method named TRCM to extract association rules present in hash tag keywords of tweets in different time-slots. Our system identify evolving hash tag keywords with strong association rules in each time-slot. We then map the identified hash tag keywords to event highlights of the game as reported in the ground truth of the main stream media. The performance effectiveness measure of our experiments show that our method perform well as a Topic Detection and Tracking approach.

"Nois por nois": movimentos sociais de comunicação em São Paulo

Essa dissertação busca analisar os movimentos sociais que atuam no campo da comunicação na cidade de São Paulo, especialmente aqueles grupos, organizações e coletivos que atuam diretamente na produção de conteúdos de comunicação. Os grupos aqui estudados são compostos predominantemente por jovens, moradores das periferias da cidade de São Paulo, cujo objetivo é se engajar em disputas simbólicas por meio de uma produção jornalística alternativa na construção do imaginário coletivo. São grupos que fazem um contraponto à mídia hegemônica a partir da construção de narrativas alternativas e contra-hegemonicas, historicamente invisibilizadas pelos veículos de comunicação tradicionais, e representam projetos que lutam por mudanças radicais na sociedade e pela emancipação e protagonismo das jovens e dos jovens moradores de periferia, das negras e dos negros, e das classes subalternas cujas vozes são silenciadas

A mídia dos outros somos nós: a experiência audiovisual do Ponto de Cultura Cinema para Todos

This research aims to identify the process of appropriation of audio visual (in digital video) for collective symbolic production (participatory video practice that expresses popular culture) in a socio-cultural context where the minorities are. Therefore, we based this study on the students‟ experience of the film and video workshops held by Cinema para Todos (Culture Point Cine for All), in Natal, RN. Culture Point is the basis of the project Programa Nacional de Cultura, Educação e Cidadania Cultura Viva (National Program of Culture, Education and Citizenship - Living Culture) of the Brazilian Ministry of Culture. In 2010, the Cine for All developed three film and video workshops in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeastern of Brazil), in the municipalities of Açu, Lajes and São Gonçalo do Amarante, within a public policy project of socio-cultural inclusion. These three workshops are the focus of this empirical investigation. To support the analysis of this research we consider that the spaces of workshops are sites of the social practices origin, assuming they show the development of the changes of actions that generate new practices. In this socio-cultural context the students as interlocutors process the communicative culture mediation, where come from the logics of action (using digital video) to become a mediatic practice (video auto ethnographic). With the overall goal set and the field of investigative action delimited we considered the methodology of case study suitable for the observation of the object, because it is a phenomenon of modernity, occurring in a context of real life and with little or no control over events. Participant observation and interviews was also applied to this case study. The analytical theoretical support comes from the notion of mediation by Jesús Martín-Barbero and the concept of habitus by Pierre Bourdieu. The research found that a new way of communicating has been developing by this social group, and this reflects the technological change experienced by them. The auto ethnographic videos, short movies, reveal an allegorical trial of the mainstream media, because while they use the mainstream format, they rework the aesthetic, but without revising the history, in fact they proposing to retell the history of themselves full of colorful details and with richness of their forgotten popular culture.

Lutas sociais e ciberespaço: o uso da Internet pelo movimento passe livre nas manifestações de junho de 2013 em São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC