965 resultados para MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION
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Objective: To evaluate the microbial contamination in samples of radiographic developing and fixing solutions, radiographic processing water, dental unit waterlines and dental office's external water supply. Methods: Samples of 50 private dental offices and 20 dental offices of the School of Dentistry de Araçatuba-UNESP were collected. The samples were subjected to neutralization of the residual inhibitory agents followed by pre-enrichment in peptone water and EVA broth and were inoculated in selective and non-selective culture media. The DNA of the samples was extracted and the presence of superinfectant microorganisms was evaluated by PCR. The differences in the prevalence of the microorganisms in the samples of the solutions were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance for category data, while the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the existence of associations between the total number of heterotrophic microorganisms and infection control protocols. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Samples of radiographic fixing solution presented a remarkably less frequent contamination than radiographic developing solution and radiographic processing water. The latter exhibited microorganisms typically originated from the oral microbiota and human skin as well as microorganisms frequently found in dental unit waterlines. There was less contamination of radiographic processing water in the dental offices where the x-ray film packets were disinfected before processing or were covered by a plastic film. Additionally, all samples of dental office's external water supply were drinkable. Conclusion: Covering the x-ray film packets with a plastic film protection barrier was proven the best manner to reduce the contamination of the evaluated solutions.
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The microbiological control of moisturizing mask formulation added of hibiscus flowers, assai palm, black mulberry and papaw glycolic extracts, determining the number of viable microorganisms and possible presence of pathogenic. The moisturizing mask formulation was composed of zinc oxide (5. 0%) and moisturizing cream constituted of triceteareth-4 phosphate (and) cetyl alcohol (and) stearyl alcohol (and) sodium cetearyl sulfate (and) oleth-10 (qs 50g). To this formulation was added hibiscus flowers glycolic extract (2. 5%), assai palm glycolic extract (1. 5%), black mulberry glycolic extract (1. 5%) and papaw glycolic extract (2. 0%). The formulation was stored in aseptically clean recipients, away from humidity and light, in fresh and airy places. The results of the microbiological analysis on the counting of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), of the above mentioned formulation, revealed a bioburden < 10 CFU/mL in all samples. Such data indicate adequate microbiological quality of the tested products, according to official recommendations. Furthermore, it was not detected the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, assuring the harmlessness of the formulation. The results lead us to conclude that the formulation and raw materials analyzed did not present microbial contamination, evidenced for estimating the number of viable microorganisms (<10 UFC/g) and for researching pathogens.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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A ausência de gerenciamento em bacias hidrográficas, na região Amazônica, tem afetado seus recursos hídricos nos últimos anos. Por esta razão, esta tese visa estudar os aspectos sociais e ambientais de dezoito comunidades rurais ao longo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Caeté, bem como o efeito da descarga de água residual lançada no estuário do Caeté e no rio Cereja, na cidade de Bragança. A metodologia adotada para o levantamento do perfil socioeconômico e das condições de vida e moradia foi baseada na aplicação de questionários estruturados e semi-estruturados. Em algumas comunidades, a produção doméstica de lixo foi estimada e catalogada, em 20% das residências. Quanto à qualidade da água subterrânea, análises das variáveis físicoquímicas e microbiológicas (turbidez, cor real, cor aparente, pH, temperatura, ferro dissolvido, nutrientes dissolvidos, coliformes termotolerantes e coliformes totais) foram realizadas nos principais poços que abastecem as comunidades rurais estudadas. Coletas oceanográficas (com medidas de variáveis hidrológicas e hidrodinâmicas) como também análises microbiológicas foram realizadas nas áreas mais urbanizadas do estuário do Caeté e do rio Cereja, para caracterizar a qualidade das águas nos setores estudados. Os principais impactos ambientais foram identificados, georreferênciados, fotografados e mapeados. Diretrizes de gerenciamento foram propostas para minimizar os problemas sócio-ambientais encontrados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que das 2.207 famílias rurais (~9.573 habitantes), a maioria possui baixa-renda, baixo grau de escolaridade e precárias condições de vida e moradia. Os serviços e infraestrutura disponíveis são ineficientes ou ausentes, como evidenciados pela falta abastecimento de água potável, coleta de lixo, coleta de esgoto, escolas, atendimento médico etc. Por outro lado, a cidade de Bragança tem mais de 72.621 habitantes, vivendo sobre uma área de aproximadamente 16 km², e é uma das mais antigas cidades da região amazônica. Entretanto, os dois rios estudados recebem influência da descarga de esgoto por residências, hospitais, comércio, fábricas etc. e tem apresentado elevado índice de coliformes termotolerantes. A falta de políticas públicas eficazes tem acentuado os problemas ambientais e sócio-econômico. Desta forma, os autores sugerem várias medidas para melhorar a situação atual, incluindo: (i) a regulamentação do uso da terra para reduzir o impacto ambiental do setor econômico; (ii) a implementação de programas de gestão para a exploração sustentável dos recursos naturais (peixes, caranguejos, argila, madeira); (iii) a instalação de serviços públicos, em especial água encanada e saneamento e (iv) o controle e penalização da exploração ilegal dos recursos naturais.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The levan is a biopolymer of great importance to the food industry since it is capable of defining and modifying the structure of one food, acting as stabilizer, thickener, gelling agent and being largely responsible for the texture of processed foods. The levan production by bacterial cell immobilization may potentialize the results of these studies, having advantages such as: high cell concentrations inside the reactor, increase the substrate absorption rate, improve the performance and reduce the risk of microbial contamination. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the levan production by immobilized Zymomonas mobilis in hybrid system of alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) when submitted to different sucrose concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 30%), pH (5.7 and 7.0) and incubation temperature of 30C for 12, 18 and 24 h. The results showed that the best levan production rate was 18.66 g/L at 30% sucrose concentration, with productivity 1.55 g/L/h at pH 7.0.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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It is known that a high microbial count can compromise the stability of medicines, thus reducing their therapeutic efficacy. This work tried to demonstrate that the microbial contamination can be directly related to the inadequate handling of the medicines stored in homes, making it possible to draw strategies to reduce the possible risks of medical therapy offering correct information and advising. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the medicines containing paracetamol found in the residences of Américo Brasiliense-SP, using the microbial analysis of non-sterile method described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (1988). The medicine samples (30 samples) were obtained directly from the interviewed local residents, who had received new medicine bottles of the same product. An analysis of viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungus) was carried out to identify pathogens found in the collected samples. Although 90% of the analyzed samples have shown some microbial contamination, the results indicated the absence of pathogenic microorganisms, and the total count of viable microorganisms was below the maximum value for non-sterile (104 UFC/g or mL). It was also verified that the local residents stored the medicines in appropriate places, according to the orientations received when they bought the medicines in pharmacies and drugstores, showing the importance of information for the correct use and conservation of pharmaceuticals.