Les associations volontaires et le changement social : Sherbrooke, 1855-1909

[…] Le choix de la période que nous voulions étudier s'avérait capital. La période retenue devait exprimer l'importance de la vie associative au moment même où Sherbrooke allait connaître une brisure historique. Les motifs nous incitant à privilégier une période plutôt qu'une autre relèvent de considérations particulières. Du fait que les associations volontaires s'épanouissent davantage dans la vie moderne, typiquement urbaine, et que leur développement est lié au brassage des populations amené par l'industrialisation, il était clair que nous ne pouvions remonter au-delà de 1852, l'année de l'arrivée du chemin de fer. Car ce n'est qu'après l'avènement du rail que Sherbrooke connaît un essor remarquable. Sherbrooke devient un centre industriel important vers la fin des années 1860, on assiste alors à une poussée démographique significative. Le choix de l'année 1855 s'imposait, il est motivé par l'apparition d'un mouvement de permanence de la vie associative. Notre étude se termine en 1909 en raison de la rupture des conditions préexistantes que nous percevons à Sherbrooke. Dans la première décennie du 20e siècle nous remarquons une brusque transformation du climat social. L'année 1905 nous apparaît comme étant la charnière de deux époques. Il y a tout d'abord l'influence qu'exerce la formation de l'Alberta et de la Saskatchewan sur la population anglophone. On remarque, en plus de l'émigration massive, un dynamisme croissant des associations patronnées par l'Église. Déjà actives, au tournant du siècle, elles sont de plus en plus concurrencées par des associations séculières (profanes). Nous avons poursuivi nos recherches jusqu'en 1909 pour vérifier si le mouvement amorcé était passager ou permanent. Nous avons bel et bien constaté que le continuum se brise et que le leadership se déplace de la communauté anglophone vers la communauté francophone au milieu de la première décennie. La seconde décennie précipite ce changement pour des raisons différentes. L'époque dorée des petites et moyennes villes est révolue et la Première Guerre mondiale se chargera d'accélérer le processus d'intégration des sous-ensembles au grand ensemble. Nous avons divisé notre recherche en deux parties. Dans une première partie l'attention est dirigée vers les éléments entourant le développement de la vie associative, dans le but de mieux saisir la signification du phénomène. Nous voyons comment la ville de Sherbrooke devient un pôle d'attraction régional ainsi que la façon dont l'industrialisation et l'urbanisation se manifestent dans les Cantons-de-l'Est. Nous apportons par la suite certaines précisions sur le phénomène des associations volontaires en soi : un chapitre théorique, mais combien nécessaire pour bien cerner le rôle des associations volontaires sherbrookoises. La deuxième partie nous conduit au coeur de la société sherbrookoise. Nous entrevoyons les étapes du processus d'urbanisation par le biais de la vie associative. Le chapitre IV brosse un tableau des associations volontaires tout en permettant de dégager les lignes de force. Les chapitres V et VI exposent deux questions qui se détachent nettement lors de l'examen des associations volontaires. Il s'agit tout d'abord de l'impact à Sherbrooke des questions ethniques et religieuses, et deuxièmement du nouveau type de société qui émerge suite aux influences extérieures qui envahissent la ville. Le lecteur trouvera en annexe une liste chronologique et une liste typologique des associations volontaires.

SHOX gene is expressed in vertebral body growth plates in idiopathic and congenital scoliosis : implications for the etiology of scoliosis in Turner Syndrome

Reduced SHOX gene expression has been demonstrated to be associated with all skeletal abnormalities in Turner syndrome, other than scoliosis (and kyphosis). There is evidence to suggest that Turner syndrome scoliosis is clinically and radiologically similar to idiopathic scoliosis, although the phenotypes are dissimilar. This pilot gene expression study used relative quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the SHOX (short stature on X) gene to determine whether it is expressed in vertebral body growth plates in idiopathic and congenital scoliosis. After vertebral growth plate dissection, tissue was examined histologically and RNA was extracted and its integrity was assessed using a Bio-Spec Mini, NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer and standard denaturing gel electrophoresis. Following cDNA synthesis, gene-specific optimization in a Corbett RotorGene 6000 real-time cycler was followed by qRT-PCR of vertebral tissue. Histological examination of vertebral samples confirmed that only growth plate was analyzed for gene expression. Cycling and melt curves were resolved in triplicate for all samples. SHOX abundance was demonstrated in congenital and idiopathic scoliosis vertebral body growth plates. SHOX expression was 11-fold greater in idiopathic compared to congenital (n = 3) scoliosis (p = 0.027). This study confirmed that SHOX was expressed in vertebral body growth plates, which implies that its expression may also be associated with the scoliosis (and kyphosis) of Turner syndrome. SHOX expression is reduced in Turner syndrome (short stature). In this study, increased SHOX expression was demonstrated in idiopathic scoliosis (tall stature) and congenital scoliosis.

A review of the biology, ecology, distribution and control of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) (Pisces: Cichlidae) with particular emphasis on invasive Australian populations

Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) are native to the eastward flowing rivers of central and southern Africa but from the early 1930s they have been widely distributed around the world for aquaculture and for biological control of weeds and insects. While O. mossambicus are now not commonly used as an aquaculture species, the biological traits that made them a popular culture species including tolerance to wide ranging ecological conditions, generalist dietary requirements and rapid reproduction with maternal care have also made them a 'model' invader. Self-sustaining populations now exist in almost every region to which they have been imported. In Australia, since their introduction in the 1970s, O. mossambicus have become established in catchments along the east and west coasts and have the potential to colonise other adjacent drainages. It is thought that intentional translocations are likely to be the most significant factor in their spread in Australia. The ecological and physical tolerances and preferences, reproductive behaviour, hybridization and the high degree of plasticity in the life history traits of O. mossambicus are reviewed. Impacts of O. mossambicus on natural ecosystems including competitive displacement of native species, habitat alteration, predation and as a vector in the spread of diseases are discussed. Potential methods for eradicating or controlling invasive populations of O. mossambicus including physical removal, piscicides, screens, environmental management and genetic technologies are outlined.

Solis-Cohen family papers, 1808-1990.

Correspondence, diaries, acount books, pamphlets, and other personal and professional materials pertaining to Jacob da Silva Solis and his descendents.

Noah Benevolent Society records, undated, 1852-1979.

Collection consists of several versions of the constitution; minute books of the membership meetings (1852-1856, 1868-1907, 1914-1971; until 1907 in German, afterwards in English); minute books of meetings of the trustees (1852-1858, 1876-1974, until 1912 in German); an index to and summary of the trustees minutes (1927-1944); several anniversary journals starting with the 50th, which was also "the first extant history of the Noah Benevolent Society"; membership books (1861-1892, 1930-1965, until 1892 in German; the books after 1930 contain detailed information concerning each member's age, occupation, family, military service, etc.); financial records (1862-1870, 1964-1967, 1972); quarterly accountant's reports (bound with the membership minutes); monthly financial and statistical reports of the Mordechai Federal Credit Union (March 1959-June 1960) established by the Society; lists and addresses of members; newsletters (1927-1979) and other material and photographs reflecting the Society's activities.

Industrial Removal Office records undated, 1899-1922

Contains Board of Directors minutes (1903, 1907), Executive Committee minutes (1907), Removal Committee minutes (1903-1917), Annual Reports (1910, 1913), Monthly Reports (1901-1919), Monthly Bulletins (1914-1915), studies of those removed, Bressler's "The Removal Work, Including Galveston," and several papers relating to the IRO and immigration. Financial papers include a budget (1914), comparative per capita cost figures (1909-1922), audits (1915-1918), receipts and expenditures (1918-1922), investment records, bank balances (1907-1922), removal work cash book (1904-1911), office expenses cash account (1903-1906), and the financial records of other agencies working with the IRO (1906). Includes also removal case records of first the Jewish Agricultural Society (1899-1900), and then of the IRO (1901-1922) when it took over its work, family reunion case records (1901-1904), and the follow-up records of persons removed to various cities (1903-1914). Contains also the correspondence of traveling agents' contacts throughout the U.S. from 1905-1914, among them Stanley Bero, Henry P. Goldstein, Philip Seman, and Morris D. Waldman.

Aaron Lopez papers, undated, 1752-1794, 1846, 1852, 1953.

Contains approximately 6800 manuscripts arranged chronologically by year for years 1752-1794. Approximately 100 are letters received or written by Lopez, his partner and father-in-law, Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, members of his family and company, and commercial agents pertaining to business activities and sailing orders for the captains of various ships. Several also refer to personal matters and acquaintances, including a series of six letters from Silas Cooke of White Hall (Middletown), R.I., to Aaron Lopez, asking his aid in returning a run-away slave (1776). The great majority of the collection consists of account records, bills of sale, orders, shipping agreements, lists of sailors on the various ships, repair records and cargo invoices. Of particular interest are a receipt for payment of a half-year's subscription to the "tzedakah" of Congregation Nefutzei Israel, Newport (1755) and several documents that reveal Lopez as a supplier of kosher meat and other religious articles to people in various parts of the colonies, Surinam, and Jamaica. Also included in this group are copies of sailing lists, documents pertaining to Lopez's naturalization which shed light upon the status of a Jew applying for citizenship in Massachusetts and a check to Lopez from the United States government for a loan made during the Revolutionary War (1779).

Diario da viagem do Dr. Francisco Jose de Lacerda e Almeida pelas capitanias do Para, Rio Negro, Matto-Grosso, Cuyaba, e S. Paulo, nos annos de 1780 a 1790

O Diario..., como observa Borba de Moraes, "apresenta um roteiro muito resumido, mas muito exato" e, como diz Sacramento Blake, "atendendo ao que é escrito em viagem, e viagem de 648 léguas de terras invias e inexploradas. É, entretanto, trabalho de grande valor para a geografia dos lugares percorridos." O Diario... foi reeditado pelo Instituto Nacional do Livro em 1944.

Região occidental de Matto Grosso : viagem e estudos sobre o Valle do Baixo Guaporé : da cidade de Matto Grosso ao Forte de Principe da Beira pelo Dr. Manoel Esperidião da Costa Marques, 1906. A seguir : Projectos de vias de communicação : exploração do Alto Guaporé e dos rios Jaurú, Aguapehy e Alegre : do mesmo autor, 1899

Apontamentos, notas e narrativas sobre o vale do Baixo Guaporé, com detalhes sobre riqueza, civilização, indústria, comércio, população, comunidades indígenas, usos e costumes.

Berriz Aizkibelen Euskera eskuizkribuaz : Edizio eta iturriak

[EN] In this paper I offer a new edition of the Euskera manuscript, written by the bascologist J.F. Aizkibel in 1856. The preliminary study focuses on a survey of the sources extensively used by Aizkibel, which are mainly two: Schleicher's Die Sprachen Europas (1850 [1852]) and Champollion-Figeac's Égypte ancienne (1840). Moreover, the comparison with the sources reveals us that Aizkibel intended to adapt Schleicher’s and Champollion-Figeac's analyses to attest that Basque was originally a very ancient monosyllabic language, and that it was spoken by cultured people. Some other linguistic ideas of Aizkibel are also discussed.

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1852

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Collecção das Leis da Republica dos Estados Unidos do Brazil de 1909

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo.

Synopose doa trabalhos da Camara dos Srs. Deputados : relativos ao anno de 1909 : acompanhados de differentes documentos : organisados na Secretaria da mesma Camara

Sinopse dos trabalhos da Câmara dos Deputados, em 1909.

Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro: identidade e espaço nacional (1883-1909)

Criada em 1883 por um grupo de políticos e intelectuais da Corte Imperial, a Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro teve como meta sistematizar os conhecimentos geográficos disponíveis. Com o advento da República, a entidade passou por uma série de percalços, uma vez que os novos governantes a identificavam como um reduto monarquista. Apesar das dificuldades, a Sociedade continuou a desenvolver suas atividades. A geografia fornecia o conhecimento necessário para resolver os problemas do Estado, tais como o desconhecimento do território nacional e a necessidade de novas vias de comunicação. Com intuito de resolver tais questões, os seus associados esforçaram-se colocando a ciência a serviço da nação.