Suppression subtractive hybridization: a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries.

A new and highly effective method, termed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), has been developed for the generation of subtracted cDNA libraries. It is based primarily on a recently described technique called suppression PCR and combines normalization and subtraction in a single procedure. The normalization step equalizes the abundance of cDNAs within the target population and the subtraction step excludes the common sequences between the target and driver populations. In a model system, the SSH technique enriched for rare sequences over 1,000-fold in one round of subtractive hybridization. We demonstrate its usefulness by generating a testis-specific cDNA library and by using the subtracted cDNA mixture as a hybridization probe to identify homologous sequences in a human Y chromosome cosmid library. The human DNA inserts in the isolated cosmids were further confirmed to be expressed in a testis-specific manner. These results suggest that the SSH technique is applicable to many molecular genetic and positional cloning studies for the identification of disease, developmental, tissue-specific, or other differentially expressed genes.

Efficient screening of retroviral cDNA expression libraries.

Expression cloning of cDNAs was first described a decade ago and was based on transient expression of cDNA libraries in COS cells. In contrast to transient transfection of plasmids, retroviral gene transfer delivers genes stably into a wide range of target cells. We utilize a simple packaging system for production of high-titer retrovirus stock from cDNA libraries to establish a cDNA expression cloning system. In two model experiments, murine interleukin (IL)-3-dependent Ba/F3 cells were infected with libraries of retrovirally expressed cDNA derived from human T-cell mRNA or human IL-3-dependent TF-1 cell line mRNA. These infected Ba/F3 cells were selected for the expression of CD2 by flow cytometry or for the alpha subunit of the human IL-3 receptor (hIL-3R alpha) by factor-dependent growth. CD2 (frequency, 1 in 10(4)) and hIL-3R alpha (frequency, 1 in 1.5 x 10(5)) cDNAs were readily detected in small-scale experiments, indicating this retroviral expression cloning system is efficient enough to clone low-abundance cDNAs by their expression or function.

Shared Print Analysis Tool at the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries

The Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries has launched the Alliance Shared Print Trust and is in the process of developing a shared print analysis tool. The system allows libraries to compare themselves with other libraries that have added their MARC records so that they can easily and quickly determine what records are unique or held in common with other libraries. The comparison system is built on open source tools and has been embedded in the Gold Rush framework. The author provides a brief overview of other shared print analysis tools.

The educational system of Costa Rica /

"SO013504."

A technical, environmental and economic evaluation of the "wet processing system for the recovery and disposal of municipal solid waste" : a study :

"Prepublication issue for EPA libraries and State Solid Waste Management Agencies."

Tables for the transformation of angular distribution data from the laboratory system to the center of mass system /

"Shell Development Company."

Uranium extractants : preparation and use in phosphate system /

"Date Declassified:October 27, 1955."

Functional description of the trigger system fro the Stanford two-mile accelerator /

"January 1965."

Michigan plan for the federal documents depository library system.

Cover title.

United States system of allocating investment capital : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session ... June 26, 1992.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System : glossary /

"CS 86-313"--Doc. resume.

A library plan for the whole city; proposed system of regional and auxiliary branches.

Mode of access: Internet.

Library Services and Construction Act grants management system operating manual : [subgrantees operating manual] /

Excerpts of the main volume with the same title.

Library Services and Construction Act grants management system operating manual : [subgrantees operating manual] /

Excerpts of the main volume with the same title.

Review of the federal crop insurance system : hearings before the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, March 15, April 26, 2006.

"Serial no. 109-27."