Helminth parasite communities of allopatric populations of the frog Leptodactylus podicipinus from Pantanal, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites markers for two South American frogs (Leptodactylus bufonius and L. chaquensis) using next generation sequencing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biologia populacional de Uca leptodactylus e Uca uruguayensis (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) em uma área estuarina no litoral sul paulista

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Características dos espermatozóides em espécies de Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in Leptodactylus chaquensis and Leptodactylus podicipinus from two regions of the Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Helminth communities of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest, south-eastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diversidade cariotípica e molecular de Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) e obtenção de sondas cromossomo-específicas de anfíbio por citometria de fluxo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos da alta temperatura na pigmentação visceral e no epitélio germinativo masculino em Physalaemus nattereri e Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Descrição micromorfológica e efeitos do benzo[α]pireno em células hepáticas e sanguíneas das espécies Physalaemus cuvieri e Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Helmintofauna associada a leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) em regiões de Cerrado, Pantanal e Caatinga no Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A new species of Leptodactylus (Anura : Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

A new species of Leptodactylus from Bertioga municipality, Sao Paulo State, Brazil is described. Leptodactylus ajurauna sp. nov. differs from others species in the L. marmoratus group by its dark brown throat and the advertisement call. The taxonomy of other species in the group and the status of the population of Leptodactylus marmoratus sympatric with the new species are discussed. The advertisement call is also described.

Funktionelle, strukturelle und phylogenetische Untersuchungen an Lipoproteinen des Flusskrebses Astacus leptodactylus

Diese Arbeit untersucht zwei Lipoproteine, das discoidale High density-Lipoprotein (dHDL) und das β-Glukan-Bindeprotein (BGBP) aus dem Flusskrebs Astacus leptodactylus in funktioneller, struktureller und phylogenetischer Hinsicht. Die Nukleotid-Sequenz des BGBP konnte nahezu vollständig entschlüsselt werden. Dabei errechnet sich aus der abgeleiteten Aminosäure-Sequenz ein Molekulargewicht von 153 kDa. Das reife BGBP hat nur eine molekulare Masse von 105 kDa. Vermutlich kommt es durch eine Furin-ähnliche Protease zu einer post-translationalen N- und C-terminalen Prozessierung: zwei bisher nicht beschriebene, aber auch in der BGBP-Sequenz von anderen höheren Krebsen vorhandene, typische Furin-Schnittstellen (RAKR, bzw. RARR) wurden anhand von Sequenzvergleichen identifiziert. BGBP hat zwei Funktionen: zum Einen ist es für den Transport und die Aktivierung des proPhenoloxidase-Systems zuständig, zum Anderen für die Versorgung der Organe mit Lipiden, welche vermutlich der Energiegewinnung dienen. Eine 100 kDa große, BGBP-bindende Rezeptor-Fraktion konnte in Hämocyten-Membranen identifiziert werden. Das Vorkommen von dHDL war aus eigenen Befunden bisher ausschließlich in Astacus leptodactylus bekannt, doch konnte in dieser Arbeit ein mit dem dHDL-Antikörper reagierendes Protein erstmalig auch in anderen Arthropoden-Spezies nachgewiesen werden. Die discoidale Form und das Untereinheiten-Muster (240 + 85 kDa) sind typisch für die bei Vertretern ursprünglicher Tiergruppen gefundenen Lipoproteine (z.B. beim Cheliceraten Limulus und beim Polychaeten Nereis). Eventuell handelt es sich bei dHDL also um einen ‚Prototypen’ in der Lipoprotein-Evolution. Obwohl die Sequenz des dHDL auf Nukleotid-Ebene unbekannt ist, wurden die Sequenzen einiger dHDL-Peptide aus massenspektroskopischen Analysen gewonnen. Überraschenderweise befinden sich diese Sequenzen in der Aminosäuresequenz des BGBP. Dabei liegen alle Peptide am N- und/oder am C-Terminus der abgeleiteten BGBP-Aminosäure-Sequenz, und zwar in den Bereichen, die vermutlich durch das erwähnte Furin vom BGBP abgeschnitten werden, im reifen BGBP also gar nicht mehr vorkommen. Deshalb ist zu vermuten, dass BGBP und dHDL ein gemeinsames Vorläuferprotein haben und durch Genduplikation entstanden sind, oder dass es sich beim dHDL- und beim BGBP-Gen um ein und dasselbe Gen handelt. Das Genprodukt wird dann auf unterschiedliche Weise prozessiert und es entstehen die beiden Proteine dHDL und BGBP. Die Funktion von dHDL ist noch nicht eindeutig geklärt, es ließen sich aber dHDL-bindende Rezeptor-Fraktionen mit einer molekularen Masse von 160 kDa in somatischen Geweben (Muskel, Darm, Hepatopankreas, Kiemen und Samenleiter) sowie in Oocyten und Hämocyten nachweisen. Deshalb wird vermutet, dass dHDL als Energielieferant in Stoffwechsel-aktiven Organen und als Speicherprotein in Oocyten dient. Eine endocytotische Aufnahme konnte gezeigt werden.

Efeito do estresse hídrico sobre a locomoção e morfologia de girinos de Leptodactylus fuscus e Physalaemus nattereri

Diversas espécies de anuros da família Leptodactylidae se reproduzem em corpos dágua sazonais, temporários e mantidos exclusivamente por chuvas. Em períodos de estiagem prolongada a poça pode secar completamente, ocasionando elevadas taxas de mortalidade de ovos e girinos dessas espécies, podendo exercer forte pressão seletiva na evolução de mecanismos de resistência e sobrevivência nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento. Algumas espécies de girinos conseguem sobreviver cerca de cinco dias fora dágua o que pode proporcionar uma adaptação vantajosa, porque possibilita a sobrevivência dos girinos por um período que pode ser suficiente para a reincidência de novas chuvas e restabelecimento do corpo dágua. Apesar dessa capacidade de sobrevivência, pouco se sabe sobre as possíveis modificações que a desidratação pode causar na locomoção e na morfologia durante o desenvolvimento desses animais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse hídrico: (1) no nível de sobrevivência e perda de massa corpórea; (2) no desempenho locomotor; (3) na morfologia externa (morfometria linear) e interna, analisando tanto o volume total quanto o volume visceral (estereologia); e (4) no tempo até metamorfose após o estresse. Utilizamos girinos de duas espécies de anuros, Leptodactylus fuscus (Leptodactylinae) e Physalaemus nattereri (Leiuperinae), ambas as espécies se reproduzem em corpos dágua temporários, em áreas com estação seca definida estando, portanto sujeitas as mesmas pressões seletivas. Além disso, as duas espécies apresentam modos reprodutivos diferentes, podendo apresentar diferentes graus de resistência ao estresse hídrico. Os girinos das duas espécies foram divididos em dois grupos, os que ficaram em água (grupo controle) e os que foram submetidos ao estresse hídrico (grupo tratamento), por três períodos de tempo (12, 24 e 72 horas). Houve diferenças significativas para valores de perda de massa entre os grupos controle e tratamento em ambas as espécies, sendo o grupo tratamento que mais perdeu massa corpórea em todos os períodos, além disso, quase metade dos girinos de P. nattereri morreram em 36 horas de estresse. Não houve diferenças significativas para os dados de desempenho locomotor e volume total entre os grupos testado para girinos de L. fuscus, mas houve diferenças morfometricas significantes nos componentes relacionados a cauda e no volume visceral, onde, o intestino do grupo tratamento foi menor que do controle. Já em P. nattereri, houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos testados para desempenho locomotor, volume total, morfometria da cauda e volume visceral, sendo o estomago e anexo do tratamento maior que do controle. Nossos resultados sugerem que a exposição ao estresse hídrico não afeta significativamente a morfologia e o desempenho locomotor dos girinos de L. fuscus. No entanto, girinos de P. nattereri apresentaram uma sensibilidade ao estresse hídrico prolongado, principalmente sobre o seu desempenho locomotor.

The experimentally pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila in Astacus leptodactylus with emphasis on temperature in bacterial pathogenesis

In this study, four hundred freshwater Crayfish (A. leptodactylus) with average weight of 25-40g were purchased from Aras dam reservoirs in west Azerbayjan province and transported to Iranian Artemia Research Center of Uromya province in September 2010. (One hundred crayfish extra purchased for probably mortality). Before implement of experiment the Crayfish were acclimated for ten days. These experiments was designed in four group treatments (Number, 1,2,3,4) and one control group (Number 5) in triplicate with 20 Crayfish in each repetition prepared of glass aquarium with size (50x40x30cm). Many of infected Crayfish were used for isolation of bacteria. Haemolymph sample had been gathered from infected Crayfish with cutting their antennules and transferred to TSA medium (tryptic soy agar) and then A. hydrophila were determined in order to biochemical test. The treatments and repetitions has exposed to A. hydrophila. The concentrations of the bacteria in 4 treatments were respectively 3 x 108 (T=10-15°C), 3x106 (T=25°C), 3 x 106 and 3 x 104 Cfu mL-1 (T=10- i5oc) (4, 2, 3 and 1) that were prepared in individual containers for exposure of treatments. The control (5) prepared without any bacteria and disinfected by oxytetracycline antibiotic with concentration 100 ppm for 24 hours. The hemolymph samples were withdrawn from abdominal second segments of Crayfish for measuring of THC and TPC in interval hours (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 240 and 336). For histopatological studies the crayfish samples fixed in Davidson fixative. The results indicated that interval 2 hours after experiment the difference of THC value between treatment 4 with control and treatments 1,2, and 3 was significant (P< 0.05). After 48 hours of experiment the difference of THC value between control group with treatment 1 ,2 and 3 was significant (P< 0.05). The interval 336 hours after experiment also the difference of THC value between treatment 2 with treatments 1, 3 and 4 was significant (P< 0.05). The finding of TPP value showed that the last time after challenge (336 h) there was significant difference between treatment 2 with treatment 4 and control group (P< 0.05). In histopathology studying, in hepatopancreas observed hemocyte aggregated and necrosis withof peknosis nucleus that with increased concentration of bacteria and temperature, The value of hemocyte has increased. Gill revealed necrosis and cell death especially with increased concentration of bacteria and temperature. In lower concentration of bacteria in heart no difference observed, but with increased concentration of bacteria (3 x 108) the low aggregation of hemocyte observed in heart. In treatment 3 x 106 with high temperature also distributed of high hemocyte in heart was observed. In digestive system didn't appear any difference in treatments land 3 but in concentration of 3 x 108 Cfu m1-1 and 3 x 106 (T=25°C) in digestive system was revealed the low aggregation of hemocyte.

Intra- and extracellular osmotic regulation in the hololimnetic Caridea and Anomura: a phylogenetic perspective on the conquest of fresh water by the decapod Crustacea

We investigate extra- and intracellular osmoregulatory capability in two species of hololimnetic Caridea and Anomura: Macrobrachium brasiliense, a palaemonid shrimp, and Aegla franca, an aeglid anomuran, both restricted to continental waters. We also appraise the sharing of physiological characteristics by the hololimnetic Decapoda, and their origins and role in the conquest of fresh water. Both species survive salinity exposure well. While overall hyperosmoregulatory capability is weak in A. franca and moderate in M. brasiliense, both species strongly hyporegulate hemolymph [Cl(-)] but not osmolality. Muscle total free amino acids (FAA) increase slowly but markedly in response to the rapid rise in hemolymph osmolality consequent to hyperosmotic challenge: 3.5-fold in A. franca and 1.9-fold in M. brasiliense. Glycine, taurine, arginine, alanine and proline constitute a parts per thousand 85% of muscle FAA pools in fresh water; taurine, arginine, alanine each contribute a parts per thousand 22% in A. franca, while glycine predominates (70%) in M. brasiliense. These FAA also show the greatest increases on salinity challenge. Muscle FAA titers correlate strongly (R = 0.82) with hemolymph osmolalities across the main decapod sub/infraorders, revealing that marine species with high hemolymph osmolalities achieve isosmoticity of the intra- and extracellular fluids partly through elevated intracellular FAA concentrations; freshwater species show low hemolymph osmolalities and exhibit reduced intracellular FAA titers, consistent with isosmoticity at a far lower external osmolality. Given the decapod phylogeny adopted here and their multiple, independent invasions of fresh water, particularly by the Caridea and Anomura, our findings suggest that homoplastic strategies underlie osmotic and ionic homeostasis in the extant freshwater Decapoda.