51 resultados para Laje nervurada


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Retaining walls design involves factors such as plastification, loading and unloading, pre-stressing, excessive displacements and earth and water thrust. Furthermore, the interaction between the retained soil and the structure is rather complex and hard to predict. Despite the advances in numerical simulation techniques and monitoring of forces and displacements with field instrumentation, design projects are still based on classical methods, whose simplifying assumptions may overestimate structural elements of the retaining wall. This dissertation involves a three-dimensional numerical study on the behavior of a retaining wall using the finite element method (FEM). The retaining wall structure is a contiguous bored pile wall with tie-back anchors. The numerical results were compared to data obtained from field instrumentation. The influence of the position of one or two layers of anchors and the effects of the construction of a slab bounded at the top of the retaining wall was evaluated. Furthermore, this study aimed at investigating the phenomenon of arching in the soil behind the wall. Arching was evaluated by analyzing the effects of pile spacing on horizontal stresses and displacements. Parametric analysis with one layers of anchors showed that the smallest horizontal displacements of the structure were achieved for between 0.3 and 0.5 times the excavation depth. Parametric analyses with two anchor layers showed that the smallest horizontal displacements were achieve for anchors positioned in depths of 0.4H and 0.7H. The construction of a slab at the top of the retaining wall decreased the horizontal displacements by 0.14% times the excavation depth as compared to analyses without the slab. With regard to the arching , analyzes showed an optimal range of spacing between the faces of the piles between 0.4 and 0.6 times the diameter of the pile

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Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Estruturas

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A avaliação da deformação excessiva para peças fletidas de concreto armado é abordada pela norma em vigor. O texto conclusivo do projeto de revisão de 2001 adota para o cálculo de deformações em vigas, a inércia equivalente, que leva em consideração a contribuição do concreto não fissurado e entre as fissuras, que implica na consideração do aumento da rigidez da peça. Já para o caso das lajes bidirecionais de concreto armado, não é apresentada nenhuma formulação de inércia equivalente. O cálculo de flechas com inércia do estádio I fornece resultados contra a segurança nos casos de laje onde o momento de fissuração é ultrapassado em serviço e portanto a laje está fissurada. Já o cálculo com inércia do estádio II fornece resultados com flechas excessivas pois não considera a parte íntegra da peça e sua contribuição para o aumento da rigidez. Neste trabalho são apresentadas considerações para o cálculo do estado limite de deformação excessiva para as lajes bidirecionais. Como exemplo foram obtidas as flechas variando de 0,5 m para as dimensões 4x4 até 8x8 m adotando a inércia equivalente e considerando o momento de serviço para a definição do estádio a considerar no cálculo da flecha.

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O presente Trabalho Final de Mestrado consiste na elaboração de um Estudo Prévio de um viaduto rodoviário, em betão armado pré-esforçado. O viaduto, com tabuleiro em laje vigada, é constituído por 10 tramos, prevendo-se que seja construído tramo a tramo, com juntas de betonagem a quintos de vão. A plataforma do viaduto é constituída por duas vias de tráfego com 3.5m cada, duas bermas de 1.00 m e dois passeios laterais com 1.10 m cada, perfazendo uma largura total de 11.20. O viaduto localiza-se em Polónia e foi dimensionado de acordo com os Eurocódigos e os Anexos Nacionais desse país.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

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In the present work it was developed originals alternatives of enveronmentally safe and economically viable destination of thermoset plastic residue from a button factory, which at presnte stores such residue tempor and in a way that is inconvenient to the atmosphere, a waiting safe solutions. As the residue is not recycleab and its burning leberates strongly aggressive gases, safe alternatives were researched. Inicially, ghe residue in incineration was performed in cement ovens with precise control ofe emission of gases, but it was proved inviable due to its low calorific power, as well as the liberation of free lead in the ashes. An original and feasible option was the residue confinemente in soil-ciment blocks, lohich resulted in blocks highly resistant to simple compression with structural block, and also a significant increase in thermal resistence. Was got up other options of original and important composites as: making of blocks for pré-moulded flagstone, internal coating of walls with plaster being obtained good texture results, replenish of ceramic blocks and blocks with cement, also implying in increase of thermal resistance. Besides these original and scientific contributions, the it was technologically contribution of defreadation with suggestions of the material using torch of thermal plasm; for this was projected, built, characterized and tested a torch to it shapes it being obtained exciting results for the development of this technology come back for ending destruction from all the types of inconvenient garbage to the atmosphere