Organisaation tiedonhallinta - Kodifiointi ja henkilöltä henkilölle -strategia

Työssä tarkastellaan kahta vaihtoehtoista tiedonhallinta-strategiaa; kodifiointia ja henkilöltä henkilölle -strategiaa. Molempia strategioita analysoidaan, ja pohditaan organisaation päätöksentekoperusteita strategian valinnalle. Kodifiointi-strategiaa tutkitaan henkilöltä henkilölle -strategiaa perusteellisemmin. Strategioita tutkitaan muun muassa SWOT -analyysin avulla, sekä organisaation että käsiteltävän tiedon erityispiirteitä silmällä pitäen. Työssä tutustutaan myös tiedonhallinta-strategian suunnitteluun ja toteutukseen, sekä hahmotellaan tiedonhallinta-strategian evoluutiota. Myös tietoa ja sen luonnetta tarkastellaan yhtenä organisaation tärkeimmistä resursseista.

Julkisen asiantuntijaorganisaation johtaminen. Case: Lappeenrannan Seudun Elinkeino ja Matkailu Oy

Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on selvittää kyselytutkimuksen avulla julkisen asiantuntijaorganisaation kohtaamia johtamisen haasteita. Johtamistyötä tarkastellaan organisaation henkilöstön, julkisen omistajuuden ja paikallisten yhteistyöverkostojen näkökulmasta. Teoriaosuudessa tarkastellaan asiantuntijaorganisaatiota yleisesti sekä julkisen asiantuntijaorganisaation ominaispiirteitä, asiantuntijoiden johtamista ja johtamisen työkaluista tulosjohtamista sekä tasapainotetun mittariston mallia. Empiirisessä osuudessa teoriaa sovelletaan käytäntöön case-organisaation kautta. Tutkimuksen tuloksena todetaan, että julkinen omistajuus tuo yhtiön toimintaan vakauden ja uskottavuuden lisäksi päätöksentekoa hidastavaa byrokratiaa. Alueellisen yhteistyön kautta voidaan parantaa alueen painoarvoa, projektityöskentelyä ja rahoituksen saantia, sekä tuottaa palveluja kustannustehokkaasti. Henkilöstö odottaa johtajaltaan riittävää palautetta, kuuntelemisen taitoa, sekä vapautta itsenäiseen työskentelyyn oman tehtäväkentän alueella.

Decision support system for the diagnosis of schizophrenia disorders

Clinical decision support systems are useful tools for assisting physicians to diagnose complex illnesses. Schizophrenia is a complex, heterogeneous and incapacitating mental disorder that should be detected as early as possible to avoid a most serious outcome. These artificial intelligence systems might be useful in the early detection of schizophrenia disorder. The objective of the present study was to describe the development of such a clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SADDESQ). The development of this system is described in four stages: knowledge acquisition, knowledge organization, the development of a computer-assisted model, and the evaluation of the system's performance. The knowledge was extracted from an expert through open interviews. These interviews aimed to explore the expert's diagnostic decision-making process for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. A graph methodology was employed to identify the elements involved in the reasoning process. Knowledge was first organized and modeled by means of algorithms and then transferred to a computational model created by the covering approach. The performance assessment involved the comparison of the diagnoses of 38 clinical vignettes between an expert and the SADDESQ. The results showed a relatively low rate of misclassification (18-34%) and a good performance by SADDESQ in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, with an accuracy of 66-82%. The accuracy was higher when schizophreniform disorder was considered as the presence of schizophrenia disorder. Although these results are preliminary, the SADDESQ has exhibited a satisfactory performance, which needs to be further evaluated within a clinical setting.

Modelo de gestión del conocimiento para una empresa del sector de insumos químicos para la industria farmacéutica, cosmética y de alimentos: caso Disaromas S.A.

La creación de conocimiento al interior de las organizaciones es visible mediante la dirección adecuada del conocimiento de los individuos, sin embargo, cada individuo debe interactuar de tal manera que forme una red o sistema de conocimiento organizacional que consolide a largo plazo las empresas en el entorno en el que se desenvuelven. Este documento revisa elementos centrales acerca de la gestión de conocimiento visto desde varios autores y perspectivas e identifica puntos clave para diseñar un modelo de gestión de conocimiento para una empresa del sector de insumos químicos para la industria farmacéutica, cosmética y de alimentos de la ciudad de Bogotá.

A organização do conhecimento arquivístico: perspectivas de renovação a partir das abordagens científicas canadenses

Desde o final do século XX, as novas formas de produção documental e as novas tecnologias de informação apresentadas à Arquivística têm levado os profissionais da informação a repensar os conceitos e princípios arquivísticos postulados nos antigos manuais da área. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a produção arquivística canadense, que transformou o país em solo fértil para as discussões que circundam a disciplina na contemporaneidade, representando muito bem as necessidades colocadas pelos novos meios de produção documental aos arquivistas na sociedade da informação, redescobrindo princípios e (re) definindo conceitos, métodos e critérios para a criação, manutenção e uso de documentos em meio tradicional e eletrônico. Foi notadamente na década de 1980, que um novo paradigma se enunciou na área e, a partir dele, três correntes emergiram: a Arquivística Integrada - enunciada pela Escola de Québec - que propõe a reintegração da disciplina por meio do ciclo vital dos documentos e uma possível aproximação com a Ciência da Informação, graças à incorporação do termo informação orgânica registrada, como substituição ao termo documento de arquivo; a Arquivística Funcional ou Pós-Moderna, enunciada por Terry Cook - que propõe uma renovação e reformulação dos princípios e conceitos originais da disciplina, adotando a corrente Pós-moderna como pano de fundo; e a Diplomática Arquivística, enunciada primeiramente na Itália por Paola Carucci, mas desenvolvida e reformulada na América do Norte por Luciana Duranti, que busca, por meio do estudo da Diplomática, estabelecer critérios para a crítica textual dos documentos contemporâneos, garantindo ao método diplomático um posto fundamental na Arquivística contemporânea. A vista de tais aspectos, analisa-se, comparativamente, o universo epistemológico dessas três abordagens arquivísticas canadenses, enquanto perspectivas emergentes para a construção de uma disciplina contemporânea, capaz de dar conta dos novos processos de produção, organização e uso da informação orgânica registrada.

A situação atual da indexação nas tarefas bibliotecárias

Na atualidade a atribuição dos descritores de assuntos ou indexação do conteúdo dos livros, nem sempre está associada ao contexto concreto de cada biblioteca, provocando, em muitos casos, que a recuperação por assuntos não resulte adequada. Neste trabalho analisam-se os principais desafios e perspectivas da indexação dos livros, os avanços de análises de assuntos nos catálogos de bibliotecas, examinam-se procedimentos, instrumentos, regras e condutas utilizadas nas análises e representação do conteúdo dos livros. Também se mostra a interação entre o ensino, a pesquisa e a atuação profissional necessária para que os estudantes possam desenvolver competências na análise, na representação e na procura da informação, assim como os princípios - provavelmente menos evidentes- da organização do conhecimento. Este trabalho coloca em evidência que as políticas de gestão da informação, mais quantitativas que qualitativas, deixam num segundo plano o processamento intelectual do conteúdo prejudicando, desta maneira, a recuperação por assuntos através do catalogo da biblioteca. Finalmente, se recolhe uma serie de propostas docentes relacionadas com a atribuição de descritores de assuntos em contextos bibliotecários.

Garantia literária: elementos para uma revisão crítica após um século

This study contributes to a critical synthesis of the principle of literary warrant, initially formulated by Hulme in 1911. Hulme proposed that the terms of a classification system should be derived from the literature to be classified, rather than based on purely theoretical considerations. Founding literary warrant on literature which is actually documented rather than on scientific or philosophical classifications or on the supposed authority of the first classificationists implied a clear departure from the conceptions of Harris and Dewey, who had used the classifications of Bacon and Leibniz as models. The validity of this principle over the past century is studied by means of diverse documental data (entries in dictionaries, retrieval by Google, etc.), as it is recognized as a main methodological element for classification standards and systems. This study also discusses the situation with respect to the top-down or bottom-up methodologies of system design. Three traditional applications of literary warrant are described as well as three new applications are suggested, in light of its methodological potential. It is possible to conclude that this principle will find increasing applications in other contexts, within and beyond Information Science.

Male Homosexuality in Brazilian Indexing Languages: Some Ethical Questions

Studies on ethics in information organization have deeply contributed to the recognition of the social dimension of Information Science. The subject approach to information is linked to an ethical dimension because one of its major concerns is related to its reliability and usefulness in a specific discursive community or knowledge domain. In this direction, we propose, through an exploratory research design with qualitative and inductive characteristics, to identify the specific terminology that Brazilian indexing languages allow for terms relating to male homosexuality. We also analyzed the terms assigned to papers published in the Journal of Homosexuality, Sexualities and Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health between the years 2005 to 2009. From this analysis of terms and the Brazilian indexing languages, we see (1) the Brazilian context, (2) imprecision in the terminology, (3) indications of prejudices disseminated by political correctness, (4) biased representation of the subject matter, (5) and the presence of figures of speech.

Análise bibliométrica da revista Scire: Um estudo de colaboração científica institucional

The aim of this research is to make a bibliometric analysis of the journal Scire: Representación y Organización del Conocimiento, edited in Spain, in order to evidence the most productive institutions and countries, as well as to build a cooperation network and calculate the density indicators, centrality degree and betweenness. The 292 articles of the period 1996 to 2010 were analyzed. It was found out that, of the institutions participating in the articles, 25 institutions have been clearly the most productive. Almost all of them are Spanish, except four Brazilian ones and three more from three different countries. The institutional network showed a low density, but several cooperative sub-networks were identified, which suggest the existence of an international dialogue among researchers on the discipline.

Conceito como signo: Elemento semiótico para análise e mediação da informação

Knowledge organization promotes advances in theoretical and applied study of concepts. This paper explores the question of semiotic backgrounds of knowledge organization, informational mediation and communication, focusing on the pragmatic-semiotic meaning of concepts. We conclude that organizing information and knowledge approaches that seek to emphasize the meaning of language used by a community must to recognize the semiotic characteristics of concepts.

O processo de (re)construção da teoria do conceito no domínio de Organização do Conhecimento: Uma visão dialógica

The search for a dialogical interpretation on the concept theory is the purpose of this paper. It uses the concept of dialogism, proposed by Bakhtin, which refers to the interaction occurring among the social actors in the process of (re)construction of language. Starting from the analysis of texts on concept theory authored by Dahlberg, Hjorland, Tennis and Tennis and Sutton, the convergent, divergent and complementary aspects related to the concepts advocated by the authors are discussed. The analysis revealed that, although these concepts have been built individually, they are reflections of distinct currents of thought and of the historical moments that have influenced each author's ideas. It can be argued, therefore, that the studied concepts were developed on dialogue with other authors and among themselves.

Relações teóricas da organização do conhecimento com as abordagens de catalogação de assunto, indexação e análise documental: Uma análise de domínio da revista Scire (1995-2010)

Considering knowledge organization and representation as a theoretical line used by Information Science to face the subject approach to information, in a dialogical relation with subject cataloguing, indexing and analyse documentaire, this article carries out a domain-analysis of Scire journal (1995-2010) in order to identify the scientific production in the mentionned theoretical lines as well as their relationships. Scire constitutes an environment where members of the different paradigms have found an space to relate each other.

Peircean semiotics and subject indexing: Contributions of speculative grammar and pure logic

The semiotics of C S. Peirce presents fundamental concepts to discover aspects of the indexing process, including representation and classes of signs. However, we still know little of its theoretical potential for subject indexing. We believe that the main difficulty in the proposals to understand the process of subject indexing based on Peircean semiotics stems from an incomplete interpretation of his semiotic system. This paper attempts to describe the contributions of Peircean semiotics to subject indexing. First, we analyze some of the concepts of the branches of semiotics, after which, we discuss strategies for conceptual approximation. Secondly, and aiming to raise the level of interlocution between the areas, we intend to argue that subject indexing is an inferential process, as explained by the second branch of semiotics. Thus, we seek to go beyond the level of speculative grammar, the first branch of semiotics, to forge a closer link with pure or critical logic, the second branch. We conclude that the indexer's work does not produce a mere reflection of what already exists in documents, but involves an instigating action to discover, through the inferential matrix, the meaning of a text in order to find the subject and the most appropriate subject added entry to the information system.

Gestão do conhecimento em bibliotecas universitárias: análise de experiências no Brasil e em Portugal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)