Cross-Kerr-based information transfer processes

The realization of nonclassical states is an important task for many applications of quantum information processing. Usually, properly tailored interactions, different from goal to goal, are considered in order to accomplish specific tasks within the general framework of quantum state engineering. In this paper, we remark on the flexibility of a cross-Kerr nonlinear coupling in hybrid systems as an important ingredient in the engineering of nonclassical states. The general scenario we consider is the implementation of high cross-Kerr nonlinearity in cavity-quantum electrodynamics. In this context, we discuss the possibility of performing entanglement transfer and swapping between matter qubits and light fields initially prepared in separable coherent states. The recently introduced concept of entanglement reciprocation is also considered and shown to be possible with our scheme. We reinterpret some of our results in terms of applications of a generalized Ising interaction to systems of different nature.

The Orpheus C. Kerr Papers

UANL

Untersuchung von Schichtsystemen für die magnetooptische Datenspeicherung mit Hilfe der Kerr-Mikroskopie

Untersuchung von Schichtsystemen für die magneto-optische Datenspeicherung mit Hilfe der Kerr-Mikroskopie Dissertation von Stephan Knappmann, Universität Gh Kassel, 2000 Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein modifiziertes Kerr-Mikroskop aufgebaut und für eine neuartige Untersuchungsmethode von gekoppelten magnetischen Schichten angewendet. Damit können Schichtsysteme untersucht werden, bei denen die eine Schicht eine temperaturabhängige Reorientierung der Magnetisierung von in-plane zu senkrecht zeigt. Derartige Schichten sind für zukünftige magnetooptische Speichertechniken interessant, da sie für die magnetisch induzierte Superauflösung (MSR) eingesetzt werden können. Zunächst wurde ein Ganzfeld-Kerr-Mikroskop aufgebaut und durch einen zusätzlichen Strahlengang erweitert. Da die Proben lokal geheizt werden sollten, wurde der Strahl eines Diodenlasers (l = 780 nm) in den Strahlengang eingekoppelt, durch das Mikroskopobjektiv auf die Probe fokussiert und nach der Reflexion vollständig aus dem Strahlengang entfernt. Dies war deshalb wichtig, da Domänenbilder aufgenommen werden sollten, während die Schichten lokal geheizt werden. Mit diesem Aufbau ist es möglich, den magnetooptischen Ausleseprozeß in MSR Systemen mikroskopisch zu simulieren. Dies wurde am Beispiel einer Doppelschicht demonstriert. Dieses Schichtsystem besteht aus einer Speicherschicht mit senkrechter Magnetisierung (TbFeCo) und einer Ausleseschicht mit temperaturabhängiger Reorientierung (GdFeCo). Damit ist dieses Schichtsystem für eine spezielle MSR Technik (CAD-MSR) geeignet. Dabei wird im heißen Bereich des laserinduzierten Temperaturprofils die Information aus der Speicherschicht in die Ausleseschicht kopiert, so daß eine Apertur gebildet wird, die nur von der Temperaturverteilung abhängt. Bei diesem Schichtsystem konnte gezeigt werden, daß sich durch ein Magnetfeld die Aperturwirkung deutlich verbessern läßt. Dieses Ergebnis läßt sich auf alle Schichten übertragen, bei denen die Reorientierung der Magnetisierung durch allmähliche Drehung erfolgt. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Domänenbeobachtungen an der TbFeCo/GdFeCo-Doppelschicht konnten durch Simulationen mit Hilfe eines einfachen Modells bestätigt werden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit lag in der Untersuchung von Vielfachschichten. Es wurden Tb/Fe-Vielfachschichten mit einer Modulationswellenlänge von 1,5 - 5 nm durch Kathodenzerstäubung hergestellt und magnetisch charakterisiert. Die natürlichen Domänen-strukturen zeigten eine starke Abhängigkeit von dem Verhältnis der Tb- und Fe-Schichtdicken. Die Erklärung kann durch das Wechselspiel von magnetostatischer Energie EMS und Domänenwandenergie EDW gegeben werden. In der Nähe des Kompensationspunktes ist EMS klein und EDW dominiert. Als Folge bilden sich zirkulare Domänen. Mit der Entfernung vom Kompensationspunkt steigt EMS und es wird eine verzweigte Domänenstruktur favorisiert. Thermomagnetische Schreibexperimente an einer ausgewählten Tb/Fe-Vielfachschicht haben ergeben, daß sich bei kleinen Schreib-Magnetfeldern Subdomänenstrukturen ausbilden können. In der Praxis ist ein solcher Subdomänenzustand unerwünscht, da er zu einem erhöhten Ausleserauschen führen würde. Der Effekt läßt sich durch ein höheres Magnetfeld oder eine höhere Kompensationstemperatur (höhere Tb-Konzentration) vermeiden. Schließlich wurde demonstriert, daß nach kleinen Änderungen mit dem Mikroskop Domänen in longitudinaler Konfiguration abgebildet werden können. Da die Kerr-Drehungen hier kleiner sind als im polaren Fall, mußten verschiedene Verfahren der Bildverarbeitung angewendet werden, um den magnetischen Kontrast zu vergrößern. Neben der bekannten Subtraktion eines Referenzbildes wurde ein neues Verfahren zur weiteren Verbesserung der Domänenbilder angewendet, wobei zwei Referenzbilder mit entgegengesetzter Magnetisierung benötigt werden.

Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Lithium Salt Mixtures: Optical Kerr Effect Dynamical Measurements

The addition of lithium salts to ionic liquids causes an increase in viscosity and a decrease in ionic mobility that hinders their possible application as an alternative solvent in lithium ion batteries. Optically heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect spectroscopy was used to study the change in dynamics, principally orientational relaxation, caused by the addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to the ionic liquid 1-buty1-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Over the time scales studied (1 ps-16 ns) for the pure ionic liquid, two temperature-independent power laws were observed: the intermediate power law (1 ps to similar to 1 ns), followed by the von Schweidler power law. The von Schweidler power law is followed by the final complete exponential relaxation, which is highly sensitive to temperature. The lithium salt concentration, however, was found to affect both power laws, and a discontinuity could be found in the trend observed for the intermediate power law when the concentration (mole fraction) of lithium salt is close to chi(LiTf(2)N) = 0.2. A mode coupling theory (MCT) schematic model was also used to fit the data for both the pure ionic liquid and the different salt concentration mixtures. It was found that dynamics in both types of liquids are described very well by MCT.

Efeito Kerr magneto-óptico; Ressonância ferromagnética; Acoplamento bilinear; Acoplamento biquadrático

In this work, we investigated the magnetic properties of a monocrystalline Fe thin film and of Fe(80 Å)/Cr(t)/Fe(80 Å) tri-layers, with the nonmagnetic metallic Cr spacer layer thickness varying between 9 Å < t < 40 Å. The samples were deposited by the DC Sputtering on Magnesium Oxide (MgO) substrates, with (100) crystal orientation. For this investigation, experimental magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) techniques were employeed. In this case, these techniques allowed us to study the static and dynamical magnetization properties of our tri-layers. The experimental results were interpreted based on the phenomenological model that takes into account the relevant energy terms to the magnetic free energy to describe the system behavior. In the case of the monocrystalline Fe film, we performed an analytical discussion on the magnetization curves and developed a numerical simulation based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model, that enables the numerical adjustment of the experimental magnetization curves and obtainment of the anisotropy field values. On the other hand, for the tri-layers, we analyzed the existence of bilinear and biquadratic couplings between the magnetizations of adjacent ferromagnetic layers from measurements of magnetization curves. With the FMR fields and line width angular dependencies, information on the anisotropy in three layers was obtained and the effects of different magnetic relaxation mechanisms were evidenced. It was also possible to observe the dependence of the epitaxy of the multilayers with growth and sputtering parameters. Additionally it was developed the technique of AC magnetic susceptibility in order to obtain further information during the investigation of magnetic thin films

Montagem e construção de um magnetômetro a efeito Kerr magneto-óptico

n this master s dissertation a Kerr Magneto Optic s magnetometer effect was set up to do characterization of samples type films fine and ultra thin, these samples will be grown after the implementation of the sputtering technique at the magnetism laboratory of of this department. In this work a cooled electromagnet was also built the water and that it reaches close values to 10kOe with a gap of 22 mm including an area of uniform field of 25mm of diameter. The first chapter treats of the construction of this electromagnet from its dimensioning to the operation tests that involve measures of reached maximum field and temperature of the reels when operated during one hour. The second chapter is dedicated to the revision of the magnetism and the magnetization processes as well as it presents a theoretical base regarding the magnetic energies found in films and magnetic multilayer. In the sequence, the third chapter, is especially dedicated the description of the effects magneto opticians the effect kerr in the longitudinal, traverse and polar configurations, using for so much only the classic approach of the electromagnetism and the coefficients of Fresnel. Distinguished the two areas of observation of the effect regarding thickness of the film. The constructive aspects of the experimental apparatus as well as the details of its operation are explained at the room surrender, also presenting the preliminary results of the measures made in one serializes of permalloy films and concluding with the results of the characterization of the first films of iron and permalloy grown here at the theoretical and experimental physics department at UFRN

Morfoanatomia do sistema caulinar de Canna edulis Kerr-Gawler (Cannaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Endoderme com atividade meristemática em raiz de Canna edulis Kerr-Gawler (Cannaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Stabilization of a (3+1)-dimensional soliton in a Kerr medium by a rapidly oscillating dispersion coefficient

Using the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and a variational method it is shown that (3 + 1)-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons can be stabilized by a rapidly oscillating dispersion coefficient in a Kerr medium with cubic nonlinearity. This has immediate consequence in generating dispersion-managed robust optical soliton in communication as well as possible stabilized Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic optical-lattice potential via an effective-mass formulation. We also critically compare the present stabilization with that obtained by a rapid sinusoidal oscillation of the Kerr nonlinearity parameter.

Extra dimensions at the CERN LHC via mini-black holes: Effective Kerr-Newman brane-world effects

We solve Einstein equations on the brane to derive the exact form of the brane-world-corrected perturbations in Kerr-Newman singularities, using Randall-Sundrum and Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali (ADD) models. It is a consequence of such models that Kerr-Newman mini-black holes can be produced in LHC. We use this approach to derive a normalized correction for the Schwarzschild Myers-Perry radius of a static (4+n)-dimensional mini-black hole, using more realistic approaches arising from Kerr-Newman mini-black hole analysis. Besides, we prove that there are four Kerr-Newman black hole horizons in the brane-world scenario we use, although only the outer horizon is relevant in the physical measurable processes. Parton cross sections in LHC and Hawking temperature are also investigated as functions of Planck mass (in the LHC range 1-10 TeV), mini-black hole mass, and the number of large extra dimensions in brane-world large extra-dimensional scenarios. In this case a more realistic brane-effect-corrected formalism can achieve more precisely the effective extra-dimensional Planck mass and the number of large extra dimensions-in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model-or the size of the warped extra dimension-in Randall-Sundrum formalism.

Stabilization of a light bullet in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity

Using the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and a variational method, it is shown that (3+1)-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, known as light bullets, can be stabilized in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity along the propagation direction.

Kerr-Newman solution as a Dirac particle

For m(2) < a(2) + q(2), with m, a, and q respectively the source mass, angular momentum per unit mass, and electric charge, the Kerr-Newman (KN) solution of Einstein's equation reduces to a naked singularity of circular shape, enclosing a disk across which the metric components fail to be smooth. By considering the Hawking and Ellis extended interpretation of the KN spacetime, it is shown that, similarly to the electron-positron system, this solution presents four inequivalent classical states. Making use of Wheeler's idea of charge without charge, the topological structure of the extended KN spatial section is found to be highly non-trivial, leading thus to the existence of gravitational states with half-integral angular momentum. This property is corroborated by the fact that, under a rotation of the space coordinates, those inequivalent states transform into themselves only after a 4π rotation. As a consequence, it becomes possible to naturally represent them in a Lorentz spinor basis. The state vector representing the whole KN solution is then constructed, and its evolution is shown to be governed by the Dirac equation. The KN solution can thus be consistently interpreted as a model for the electron-positron system, in which the concepts of mass, charge and spin become connected with the spacetime geometry. Some phenomenological consequences of the model are explored.

Axial-vector torsion and the teleparallel Kerr spacetime

In the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, we obtain the tetrad and the torsion fields of the stationary axisymmetric Kerr spacetime. It is shown that, in the slow rotation and weak-field approximations, the axial-vector torsion plays the role of the gravitomagnetic component of the gravitational field, and is thus responsible for the Lense-Thirring effect.

Near-infrared Kerr nonlinearity of Pb(PO3)(2)-WO3 glasses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)