On the question of neutrino spin precession in a magnetic field

Using the Feynman procedure of ordered exponential operators we solve the evolution equations for a two-neutrino system considering arbitrarily varying matter density and magnetic field along the neutrino trajectory. We show that a large geometrical phase velocity suppresses νL→νR transitions unless some stationary trajectory is found along the neutrino path. Concerning the solar neutrino case, if we admit the standard solar model matter distribution, no such trajectory can be found.

Here is the Plan: So What is the Question?

In this action research study of my classroom of 5th grade mathematics students, I investigated their understanding of the mathematical operations by having them write problems to match given equations. I discovered that writing a story to match an equation does provide insight into a student’s understanding of mathematical concepts, however, reading comprehension is a factor in the understanding. Readers who struggle with comprehension do struggle with understanding and writing math story problems. The discussion that follows the writing of a math story problem and the solving of the written problems helps to strengthen the students’ mathematical abilities as well as their communication skills and confidence levels. Through my study, students learned that it was alright to make mistakes because the learning from those mistakes is what is important. As a result of this research, I plan to continue to have students write stories to match given equations as a source of information about student understanding. I will continue to give opportunities to revisit those written problems as a tool to increase students’ comprehension and communication skills, as well as their confidence.

Inflammation in cancer cachexia: To resolve or not to resolve (is that the question?)

Background & aims: Cachexia is associated with poor prognosis and shortened survival in cancer patients. Growing evidence points out to the importance of chronic systemic inflammation in the aetiology of this syndrome. In the recent past, chronic inflammation was considered to result from overexpression and release of pro-inflammatory factors. However, this conception is now the focus of debate, since the importance of a crescent number of pro-resolving agents in the dissolution of inflammation is now recognised - leading to the hypothesis that chronic inflammation occurs rather due to failure in the resolution process. We intend to put forward the possibility that this may also be occurring in cancer cachexia. Methods: Recent reviews on inflammation and cachexia, and on the factors involved in the resolution of inflammation are discussed. Results: The available information suggests that indeed, inflammation resolution failure may be present in cachexia and therefore we speculate on possible mechanisms. Conclusions: We emphasise the importance of studying resolution-related mechanisms in cancer cachexia and propose the opening of a new venue for cachexia treatment. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.