Avaliação de floculante natural à base de Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água produzida na indústria do petróleo: aplicação da técnica combinada floculação/flotação

The principal effluent in the oil industry is the produced water, which is commonly associated to the produced oil. It presents a pronounced volume of production and it can be reflected on the environment and society, if its discharge is unappropriated. Therefore, it is indispensable a valuable careful to establish and maintain its management. The traditional treatment of produced water, usualy includes both tecniques, flocculation and flotation. At flocculation processes, there are traditional floculant agents that aren’t well specified by tecnichal information tables and still expensive. As for the flotation process, it’s the step in which is possible to separate the suspended particles in the effluent. The dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a technique that has been consolidating economically and environmentally, presenting great reliability when compared with other processes. The DAF is presented as a process widely used in various fields of water and wastewater treatment around the globe. In this regard, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential of an alternative natural flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera to reduce the amount of oil and grease (TOG) in produced water from the oil industry by the method of flocculation/DAF. the natural flocculant agent was evaluated by its efficacy, as well as its efficiency when compared with two commercial flocculant agents normally used by the petroleum industry. The experiments were conducted following an experimental design and the overall efficiencies for all flocculants were treated through statistical calculation based on the use of STATISTICA software version 10.0. Therefore, contour surfaces were obtained from the experimental design and were interpreted in terms of the response variable removal efficiency TOG (total oil and greases). The plan still allowed to obtain mathematical models for calculating the response variable in the studied conditions. Commercial flocculants showed similar behavior, with an average overall efficiency of 90% for oil removal, however it is the economical analysis the decisive factor to choose one of these flocculant agents to the process. The natural alternative flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera showed lower separation efficiency than those of commercials one (average 70%), on the other hand this flocculant causes less environmental impacts and it´s less expensive

Avaliação da biodegradação do dibenzotiofeno utilizando lodos ativados

During the oil refining process a huge discard volume of water occurs, which carries the contaminants from the process. A class of contaminant compounds resulting from the petrochemical industry are the Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's). To evaluate the biodegradation of Dibenzothiophene in refinery water a synthetic wastewater was prepared to be treated using activated sludge. For this, a 2 3 Composite Design (plus 3 central points and six axial points) was carried out. The planning had as independent variables (factors) the initial concentration of DBT, pH and time of biodegradation. Biodegradation of DBT was assayed following the parameters COD, pH, temperature, SS, VSS, FVS, SVI. Concerned to the chromatographic conditions, a methodology was validated in order to verify the presence of DBT and its metabolite, 2-HBF, in the final wastewater treated by activated sludge system using a liquid - liquid extraction coupled to HPLC / UV analysis. The parameters used for validation were DL, QL, linearity, recovery and repeatability. As for optimization, the results indicated that the studied methodology can be used in monitoring the DBT degradation and 2- HBF by activated sludge, as they showed excellent linearity values, coefficients of variation, so as satisfactory recovery percentage. COD reduction efficiency tests showed an average percentage of 64.4%. The increasing trend for the results for the TSS and VSS tests showed that the activated sludge was well tailored. The best operating conditions for the reduction of COD were observed when operated with median concentrations of DBT, a higher time to biodegradation, and pH in both the acidic range as the basic one. The biodegradability of the DBT was confirmed by determining the presence of HBF-2. The highest concentrations of HBF-2 were obtained in extreme concentrations of DBT and pH, and higher biodegradation times.

Cinemática de partículas em fluidos de viscosidade variável com o tempo e sua aplicação na construção de poços de petróleo: avaliação durante paradas operacionais

The new oil reservoirs discoveries in onshore and ultra deep water offshore fields and complex trajectories require the optimization of procedures to reduce the stops operation during the well drilling, especially because the platforms and equipment high cost, and risks which are inherent to the operation. Among the most important aspects stands out the drilling fluids project and their behavior against different situations that may occur during the process. By means of sedimentation experiments, a correlation has been validated to determe the sedimentation particles velocity in variable viscosity fluids over time, applying the correction due to effective viscosity that is a shear rate and time function. The viscosity evolution over time was obtained by carrying out rheologic tests using a fixed shear rate, small enough to not interfere in the fluid gelling process. With the sedimentation particles velocity and the fluid viscosity over time equations an iterative procedure was proposed to determine the particles displacement over time. These equations were implemented in a case study to simulate the cuttings sedimentation generated in the oil well drilling during stops operation, especially in the connections and tripping, allowing the drilling fluid project in order to maintain the cuttings in suspension, avoiding risks, such as stuck pipe and in more drastic conditions, the loss of the well

Impactos e mitigação do antropismo no núcleo de desertificação de Irauçuba, CE.

2015

Manutenção, reprodução e transporte de organismos ornamentais

O hobby da aquariofilia é praticado por milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, gerando um mercado muito lucrativo. Devido aos efeitos negativos que se abatem sobre os ecossistemas naturais, surgiu a aquacultura como alternativa às capturas de organismos selvagens. Os organismos produzidos em cativeiro têm uma qualidade superior e encontram-se melhor adaptados a viver neste meio, comparativamente aos selvagens. Atualmente, poucas são as espécies transacionadas no mercado de organismos ornamentais provenientes de produção em cativeiro, sendo necessário recorrer às zonas de recife de coral para suprimir as necessidades. A AQUASPROSEA, Lda nasceu a partir de uma incubadora de Startups e encontra-se localizada no Santuário Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, em Peniche. Dedica-se à produção de organismos de água salgada para fins ornamentais, comercializando juvenis de várias espécies de peixe e uma espécie de medusa. Tem como missão promover um mercado sustentável de produção de organismos ornamentais para o hobby da aquariofilia. O presente relatório de estágio curricular foi realizado para completar o 2º ano do Mestrado em Aquacultura, da Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche – Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. O objetivo do estágio, na empresa AQUASPROSEA, Lda, centrou-se no contacto com a realidade empresarial na área da aquacultura, integrando as rotinas da unidade de produção. O estágio iniciou-se a 1 de outubro de 2015 e terminou a 31 de julho de 2016 tendo sido comprido um horário laboral de 8h diárias. Durante o período de estágio realizaram-se várias tarefas, nomeadamente: a montagem de sistemas de produção; a manutenção de sistemas e de culturas de rotíferos e artémia; a adaptação de protocolos de produção a novas espécies; a preparação e o embalamento de peixes ornamentais e a otimização do processo de transporte. O estágio permitiu consolidar conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação académica, aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre a realidade empresarial e novos organismos bem como uma visão alargada do mercado de trabalho no que respeita à aquacultura, nomeadamente às suas rotinas e às suas exigências diárias

“Making a difference” na promoção do envelhecimento bem sucedido

Este estudo analisa os benefícios do programa de estimulação cognitiva “Making a difference” em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. Os efeitos da intervenção foram estudados em dois grupos com recurso ao desenho pré e pós teste. 14 pessoas idosas, participaram em todas as sessões e foram avaliadas com o Multidimensional Observation Scale For Elderly Subjects. Os resultados demonstraram uma pequena e não significativa alteração nos níveis de cognição, estado emocional, comportamento e relações interpessoais. Considerando os constrangimentos relacionados com as circunstâncias de vida e as limitações na saúde física e mental caracterizadoras desta população, não seriam de esperar efeitos de grande escala.

Variability and trends of downward surface global solar radiation over the Iberian Peninsula based on ERA-40 reanalysis

A climate study of the incidence of downward surface global solar radiation (SSRD) in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) based primarily on ERA-40 reanalysis is presented. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and ground-based records from several Portuguese and Spanish stations have been also considered. The results showthat reanalysis can capture a similar inter-annual variability as compared to ground-based observations, especially on a monthly basis, even though annual ERA-40 (NCEP/NCAR) values tend to underestimate (overestimate) the observations with a mean relative difference of around 20Wm–2 (40Wm–2). On the other hand, ground-based measurements in Portuguese stations during the period 1964–1989 show a tendency to decrease until the mid-1970s followed by an increase up to the end of the study period, in line with the dimming/brightening phenomenon reported in the literature. Nevertheless, there are different temporal behaviours as a greater increase since the 1970s is observed in the south and less industrialized regions. Similarly, the ERA-40 reanalysis shows a noticeable decrease until the early 1970s followed by a slight increase up to the end of the 1990s, suggesting a dimming/brightening transition around the early 1970s, earlier in the south and centre and later in the north of the IP. Although there are slight differences in the magnitude of the trends as well as the turning year of the dimming/brightening periods, the decadal changes of ERA-40 fairly agree with the ground-based observations in Portugal and Spain, in contrast to most of the literature for other regions of the world, and is used in the climatology of the SSRD in the study area. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis does not capture the decadal variations of SSRD in the IP. The results show that part of the decadal variability of the global radiation in the IP is related to changes in cloud cover (represented in ERA-40).

Interacções lago-atmosfera na albufeira de Alqueva

The exchanges between lakes and the atmosphere at Alqueva reservoir, Southeast Portugal, are the object of a 2014 Summer experiment described in this work, with special attention to above water, air-water interface and below water measurements. Air-water interface momentum, heat and mass (H 2 O and CO 2 ) fluxes are obtained with the new Campbell Scientific’s IRGASON Integrated Open-Path CO 2 /H 2 O Gas Analyser and 3D Sonic Anemometer with a unique design that contains no special displacement between the sample volumes of the gas analyser and the sonic anemometer. The radiative balance, both in short and long wave, is assessed with an albedometer and a pirradiometer. Water temperature profile is also continuously recorded. In-water solar spectral downwelling irradiance profiles are measured which enable the computation of the attenuation coefficient of light in the water column. Thus, with detailed information of the Lake-Atmosphere interactions, it is possible to determine the energy and mass balance of the lake.

Guia dos peixes de água doce de Portugal Continental

O trabalho desenvolvido insere-se num projecto do FFishGUL, Freshwater Fish Group of the University of Lisbon, que consiste na publicação de um guia ilustrado que reúna e disponibilize informação sobre a fauna ictiológica dulciaquícola de Portugal Continental, dirigido a diversos públicos-alvo. Este guia procura promover o conhecimento sobre as espécies e comunidades piscícolas e ser uma ferramenta técnica de resposta a questões prioritárias em termos de conservação do património natural, gestão dos recursos hídricos e ordenamento do território. O âmbito deste trabalho de mestrado centra-se na ilustração de algumas das espécies de peixes tratadas, investigando e criando pela primeira vez uma representação rigorosa que promova a documentação e identificação destas, como ponto de partida para o trabalho a realizar para a totalidade das espécies a tratar no guia. O trabalho desenvolvido é um trabalho que se pode considerar inédito, na medida em que não existe, tanto quanto sabemos e após extensiva pesquisa bibliográfica neste domínio, nada publicado que se assemelhe aos níveis de rigor, detalhe e coerência entre todo o conjunto apresentado. O resultado pretendido para este guia é o de uma publicação de referência, de grande utilidade técnica e de cuidada comunicação visual. Nesse sentido foi também desenvolvido um layout gráfico, visando uma apresentação cuidada e apelativa dos conteúdos do guia, pretendendo contribuir para uma maior sensibilização dos vários públicos a que se destina; ABSTRACT: This Masters thesis is part of a larger project, developed by FFishGUL, the Freshwater Fish Group of the University of Lisbon, consisting of the edition of an illustrated guide to the freshwater fish of mainland Portugal. This guide aims to create a hitherto nonexistent tool to promote knowledge on Portuguese freshwater fish communities and species and help on the management of water resources and land-use planning. This Masters thesis is centered on the illustration of some of the guide’s fish species, aiming to study and create an accurate representation that will facilitate their correct identification. These illustrations serve as an example of the process that will be followed for the total guide’s species range. The developed work can be regarded as unprecedented, to the extent that there is not, as far as we know, and after extensive bibliographic research in this field, any published work resembling the levels of accuracy, detail and coherence of what is here presented. This guide intends to be a reference publication, of major technical utility and careful visual communication. In this sense a graphic layout was also developed, aiming a careful and attractive presentation of the guide’s contents and contributing to greater awareness of the various target audiences.

Sistema de gestão ambiental sob a perspectiva da resource-based view: um estudo de caso no verdegreen Hotel - João Pessoa/PB

The pressure for a new pattern of sustainable development began to require of modern organizations the conciliation between competitiveness and a environmental protection. In this sense, a tool that acts in the implementation of structured strategies is the Environmental Management System (EMS), which focuses on improving environmental performance. This improvement, in turn, can generate to the organizations many benefits , among which, obtaining competitive advantages, susceptible of measurement from different perspectives. One of these is the application of VRIO model, reasoned by the Resource-Based View (RBV), which considers that differences between companies occurs due to differences between its internal resources and capabilities. However, although was been found some studies in the literature that evaluate the competitive potential of certain organizations , such assessments are not performed on specific objects, like the SEM s. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resources and capabilities (environmental strategies) adopted by the SGA of the Verdegreen Hotel, identifying which of these have the potential to generate competitive advantage. For this, this exploratory-descriptive character study and delineated as field research and case study was used as data collection tools: a literature survey, semi-structured interviews, document research and participant observation. The interpretation of results and consolidation of information were conducted from a qualitative approach, using two techniques of data analysis, namely: content analysis and analysis through VRIO model. The results show that the hotel is quite structured in relation to their EMS, as well as reaching related to improving the management of environmental factors, strengthening the image and gains in competitiveness benefits. On the other hand, the main difficulties for the implementation of the system are related to employees and suppliers. With regard to environmental strategies adopted, of the 25 strategies identified, 10 showed the potential to generate competitive advantage

Entre Nós : entrevista a Matilde Rosa Araújo

Emissões - Entre Nós

Estudo da infecção e morbidade da doença de Chagas no município de João Costa: Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí, Brasil

Com o objetivo de investigar aspectos da infecção e morbidade da doença de Chagas no município de João Costa, Piauí, Brasil, realizamos pesquisa sorológica para detectar Ig G anti-T. cruzi em 2.080 moradores através dos testes de imunofluorescência indireta, hemaglutinação indireta e ELISA. Em seguida, 189 pacientes soropositivos e 141 soronegativos foram avaliados pelo exame clínico e eletrocardiograma (ECG), enquanto a parasitemia foi pesquisada em 106 chagásicos pelo xenodiagnóstico indireto e teste da reação polimerásica em cadeia (PCR). A soropositividade total para Ig G anti-T.cruzi foi de 9,8%, com variação de 0,5% em menores de 10 anos a 39,4% em maiores de 59 anos, independentemente do sexo. O percentual de ECG alterados foi de 41,3% entre os chagásicos e de 15,6% entre os não-chagásicos (p < 0,05). A positividade do teste da PCR foi de 74,5% e a do xenodiagnóstico de 15,1% (p < 0,05). Apesar da elevada prevalência da infecção na população investigada, o baixo valor nos menores de 10 anos pode ser indicador de redução da transmissão por triatomíneos. A alta proporção de participação do componente etiológico exclusivamente chagásico na prevalência da cardiopatia indica a gravidade da doença de Chagas na região estudada.

Estudo sobre a adsorção do fluido de perfuração salgado contendo polímeros sobre SiO2

Polysaccharide-based drilling fluids have been often applied in horizontal wells of petroleum reservoirs in Campos, Rio de Janeiro. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of adsorption and desorption of the drill-in fluid, xanthan, modified starch and lubricant on SiO2 by means of ellipsometry. The effect of pH and brine on the mean thickness (D) of adsorbed layer was systematically investigated. The adsorption was mainly favored under alkaline conditions. A model has been proposed to explain this effect. The adsorption isotherms determined separately for xanthan and starch on SiO2 surfaces could be fitted with the Langmuir model, which yielded similar adsorption constant values.

Valor da equação Cockcroft-Gault na triagem de função renal reduzida em pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial é um problema de saúde pública mundial e um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença renal crônica. MÉTODOS: Com a finalidade de comparar a equação Cockcroft-Gault com a creatinina sérica e o clearance de creatinina (ClCr) na triagem de função renal reduzida, realizouse um estudo transversal com 198 hipertensos de uma unidade básica de saúde. Foram analisados dados demográficos, nutricionais e clínico-laboratoriais. A função renal foi analisada pela creatinina sérica e pelo ClCr em urina de 24 horas. A taxa de filtração glomerular foi também estimada segundo a equação Cockcroft-Gault. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram idade média de 60,6 ± 11,6 anos, e 73,7% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de creatinina sérica > 1,2 mg/dL foi de 7,6% e da taxa de filtração glomerular < 60 mL/ minutos foi de 24,2%, quando avaliadas pelo ClCr e pela equação Cockcroft-Gault. A filtração glomerular reduzida foi observada em homens mais velhos, com menor índice de massa corporal, valores normais de glicemia de jejum e maiores níveis de ácido úrico e pressão arterial sistólica. DISCUSSÃO: A prevalência de função renal reduzida entre hipertensos varia consideravelmente dependendo da abordagem laboratorial utilizada. O clearance de creatinina, principalmente quando estimado pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault, mostrou ser um marcador mais acurado que a creatinina sérica na avaliação da taxa de filtração glomerular. CONCLUSÕES: A equação Cockcroft-Gault apresentou maior concordância com o clearance de creatinina, provando ser um confiável teste de triagem para o diagnóstico precoce e manejo de hipertensos com função renal reduzida na atenção básica.