Scoring Methods for Ordinal Multidimensional Forced-Choice Items

In most psychological tests and questionnaires, a test score is obtained bytaking the sum of the item scores. In virtually all cases where the test orquestionnaire contains multidimensional forced-choice items, this traditionalscoring method is also applied. We argue that the summation of scores obtained with multidimensional forced-choice items produces uninterpretabletest scores. Therefore, we propose three alternative scoring methods: a weakand a strict rank preserving scoring method, which both allow an ordinalinterpretation of test scores; and a ratio preserving scoring method, whichallows a proportional interpretation of test scores. Each proposed scoringmethod yields an index for each respondent indicating the degree to whichthe response pattern is inconsistent. Analysis of real data showed that withrespect to rank preservation, the weak and strict rank preserving methodresulted in lower inconsistency indices than the traditional scoring method;with respect to ratio preservation, the ratio preserving scoring method resulted in lower inconsistency indices than the traditional scoring method

Avaliação da Qualidade do Transporte Colectivo Urbano, na Cidade da Praia, e a Satisfação dos Utentes

A qualidade nas organizações de serviço tem-se tornado num tópico de muita importância, sendo reconhecida como uma variável estratégica para aumentar a sua eficácia e eficiência, ganhar vantagem competitiva e conduzir à satisfação dos seus clientes. Promover uma escala apropriada, que reflicta convenientemente as percepções e as expectativas dos clientes, deve ser uma preocupação tanto dos gestores de empresas como das agências governativas. O presente estudo empírico desenvolve e analisa uma escala de medição da qualidade de serviço, através da aplicação do modelo SERVQUAL, desenvolvido por Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988, 1991), e adaptado para o serviço de transporte colectivo urbano de passageiros (TCUP). O procedimento levado a efeito na presente investigação apresenta 4 fases e 9 etapas, com a combinação do paradigma de Churchill (1979) e entrevistas focus group. A escala final SERVQUAL adaptada, com 23 itens, e as dimensões obtidas indicam que a mesma é altamente fiável (0,891) e válida, demonstrando assim que o procedimento seguido é aplicável e que os seus itens foram desenhados de acordo com as condições do sector. A pesquisa exploratória foi conduzida em Cabo Verde, na cidade da Praia, em Setembro de 2008, com 230 utentes regulares do serviço de TCUP. Os dados confirmam a existência de gaps, encontrando-se a maioria dos inquiridos (67%) insatisfeita com esse serviço. A análise factorial confirmou a existência de cinco dimensões, que determinam a qualidade de serviço no TCUP, na Praia, pela seguinte ordem de importância: “aparência física dos veículos/conforto”, “atenção personalizada/desempenho dos colaboradores”, “empatia”, “conveniência do serviço”, e, por último, “equipamento tangível”. Service quality has become a topic of great importance and it is recognized as a strategic variable to increase its efficiency and effectiveness in getting competitive advantage and leading to customer satisfaction. To seek a proper scale that can reflect perceptions and customers’ expectations accurately should be a concern for business managers as well as government agencies. Present empirical study develops and analyzes a measurement scale of quality service, through the application of SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988, 1991) and adapted for the urban passenger transportation. The procedure followed in present research indicates four phases and nine steps in connection to Churchill paradigm (1979) and focus group interview. The adapted final SERVQUAL scale, with 23 items, and the dimensions obtained indicated that it is highly reliable (0.891) and valid, showing this way that the procedure followed is applicable and their items were drawn according to the sector conditions. This exploratory research was performed in Cape Verde, at Praia in September 2008 with 230 regular’s users of bus service. The data confirms the existence of gaps and that the majority of the inquired are not pleased (67%) with their bus service. The factorial analysis confirms the existence of five dimensions, which determines the service quality in the bus service at Praia according to the following order of importance : “physical appearance of the bus/confort”, “personalized attention/results from the collaborators”, “empathy”, “service convenience” and lastly “tangible equipment”.

Perfil dos Turistas que Visitam a Ilha de São Vicente

O presente trabalho tem por objectivo definir o perfil do turista que visitou a ilha de São Vicente e avaliar o grau de satisfação do turista enquanto consumidor de diferentes bens e serviços, nos meses de Maio e Junho do decorrente ano. Para se fazer uma abordagem qualitativa falou-se da problemática do mercado turístico - procura e oferta turística – e a importância da segmentação desse sistema turístico juntamente com algumas teorias do comportamento do consumidor. Por sua vez, para o estudo do perfil e satisfação dos turistas utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, através da aplicação de questionários no Aeroporto Internacional Cesária Évora e entrevistas aos estabelecimentos hoteleiros, 150 e 7 respectivamente. Após a análise explicativa, com base na bibliografia seleccionada, nas entrevistas e questionários realizados, os resultados da pesquisa indicam que estudar o perfil e a satisfação dos turistas permite fazer um levantamento de diversas variáveis importantes como, por exemplo, a nacionalidade do turista, a principal razão e objectivo da viagem e o que gostaram, ou desejavam ver no destino. E assim, entender-se o perfil do visitante e propor-se estratégias, que contribuam para um planeamento sustentável do desenvolvimento turístico na região pretendida. A complexidade do processo de decisão do turista por um ou outro destino é que verdadeiramente motiva esta pesquisa. The objective of the following work is to define the profile of a tourist that visited São Vicente, and evaluate the levels of satisfaction of the tourist as a consumer of different items and services, on May and June of the current year. For a quality methodological approach, the problematic of the touristic industry (demand and touristic offer) – the essential of subdivision of these touristic systems alongside with the principles of the consumer behavior were discussed. In continuity, to define the profile and satisfaction of the tourists, a quantity approach was also used, through the application of questionnaires at the International Airport Cesária Évora and interviews throughout hotel establishments, 150 and 7 respectively. After an explanatory analyses, based on a selected bibliography, the applied interviews and questionnaires, the outcome of this research shows that by studying the profile and the satisfaction of the tourists allows to have variable important results, for example, the tourist´s nationality, the main reason and objective of the trip and what they enjoyed or would like to see on their destination. Thus, understanding the visitor´s profile and suggesting strategies, that contributes for a sustainable planning of a touristic development on the intended region. The process complexity of the decision making of the tourist for one destination is truly the main motivation for this research.

Growth accounting in items of turbulence and death: efficiency, technology, capital accumulation and human capital 1929-1950

We employ a non-parametrical approach to growth accounting (Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA) to disentangle the proximate sources of labour productivity growth in 41 nationsbetween 1929 and 1950 by decomposing productivity growth into four components:technological change; efficiency catch-up (movements towards the production frontier),capital accumulation and human capital accumulation. We show that efficiency catch-upgenerally explains productivity growth, whereas technological change and factoraccumulation were limited and distorted by the effects of war. War clearly hamperedefficiency. Moreover, an unbalanced ratio of human capital to physical capital (a gap to thetechnological leader) was crucial for efficiency catching-up.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, April 19, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, May 17, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, June 21, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, July 19, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, August 16, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, September 20, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, October 18, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, November 15, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, December 20, 2011; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, January 18, 2012; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.