On the Source and Rewriting of 1 Corinthians 2.9 in Christian, Jewish and Islamic Traditions (1 Clem 34.8; GosJud 47.10-13; a ḥadīth qudsī)

The article reopens the file of sources, parallels and rewritings of 1 Cor 2.9, a saying that Paul attributes to some written source, when others sources put it into Jesus' mouth (e.g. GosThom 17). A state of research highlights that the hypothesis of an oral source is generally preferred but an accurate study of 1 Clem 34.8, a parallel too often neglected, supports the presence of a written source that existed before 1 Cor 2.9. GosJud 47.10-13 will help to understand the attribution of the saying to Jesus. The last important part of this article studies its parallel in Islamic traditions, a ḥadīth qudsī.

Payments for watershed services in Lombok, Indonesia : uncovering actors' strategies in a "success" story

This factsheet gives a short presentation of a case study conducted in Lombok Island (Indonesia). In 6 pages, it focuses on the complexity of PES scheme embedment in public policies. This factsheet describes and explicitly distinguishes three PES initiatives, and explain the reasons for such an evolution in the design of policy instruments aimed at protecting groundwater resources. The results presented have previously been published in an Working Paper: de Buren G., 2013. La régulation des interdépendances entre la forêt et l'eau potable en Indonésie; études de cas sur le site de Lombok. (1/2013) 369 p., idheap.

Tarinamatkalla Islannissa : 5th Celtic-Nordic-Baltic Folklore Symposium on Folk Legends, Reykjavik 14.-18.6.2005

Ajankohtaista

Peatlands and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia : Complex realities for resource governance, rural development and climate change mitigation

Peatlands play a crucial role in Indonesia's economic development, and in its stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Improved peatland management - including a national moratorium on the granting of any new conversion licenses - forms a cornerstone of Indonesia's climate change mitigation commitment. At the same time, rapid expansion of the plantation sector is driving wide-scale drainage and conversion of peat swamp ecosystems. The province of Riau, in central Sumatra, finds itself at the crossroads of these conflicting agendas. This essay presents a case study of three islands on Riau's east coast affected by industrial timber plantation concessions. It examines the divergent experiences, perceptions and responses of communities on the islands. A mix of dramatic protests, localised everyday actions and constructive dialogue has succeeded in delaying or perhaps halting one of the concessions, while negotiations and contestation with the other two continue. With the support of regional and national non-governmental organisations and local government, communities are pursuing alternative development strategies, including the cultivation of sago, which requires no peat drainage. While a powerful political economy of state and corporate actors shapes the contours of socio-environmental change, local social movements can alter trajectories of change, promoting incremental improvements and alternative pathways.

Early Modern Persian, Urdu, and English Historiography and the Imagination of Islamic India under British Rule

This paper analyses the early modern transformations of South Asian literary cultures through the production of historiography in Persian, English, and Urdu. In the 18th-19th centuries, South Asian communities experienced and participated in a major restructuring of the languages of the subcontinent. Urdu and English were institutionalized as governmental languages and utilized in new literary productions as Persian was gradually marginalized from the centre of literary and governmental polities. Three interrelated colonial policies reshaped the historical consciousness of South Asia and Britain: the production of new Persian histories commissioned under British patronage, the initiation of Urdu historiography through the translation of Persian and English histories, and the construction of the British history of India written in English. This article explores the historical and social dynamics of these events and situates the origins and evolution of the colonial historiographical project. Major works discussed are the Tārīkh-i Bangālah of Salīm Allāh Munshī (fl. 1763), James Mill's (1773-1836) The History of British India first published in 1817, Mīr Sher ʿAlī Afsos' the Ārāʾish-i mahfil, as well as the production of original Urdu histories such as Muḥammad Zakāʾ-Allāh's (1832-1910) the Tārīkh-i Hindustān.

The progress and obstacles of implementing and improving e-government in Islamic Republic of Iran

To improving efficiency and transparency of government services, government authorities may increase the frequency of interaction between citizens and government as well as improving the quality of the government services and trust. Electronic Government (E-Government) in definition is the delivery of government services to citizens, businesses, and government organizations through the use of internet, web based applications, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is the solution to build more reliable and efficient contact with citizens. Like the developing and developed countries, Iran also has been processing the various aspects of ICT, IT, and e-Government. Though, in order to implement and improve e-Government; Iran has faced with some obstacles. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to study progress of e- Government and identify obstacles of implementing and improving e Government in Iran. In this thesis, based on the literature review, the progress of e-Government in Iran was studied and various obstacles were identified. Therefore, as a result, e- Government of Iran is said to be in the transactional stage of the United Nations’ e-Government maturity stages. In addition, establishing more reliable, efficient, and accurate e-Government initiatives, plans, guidelines, and strategies will extremely enhance e-Government status of Iran. On the other hand, the needs of the citizens should always be under consideration when implementing and improving e-Government services; because citizens are considered to be at the core of every e-Government services and the responsibilities of the authorities.

Legends in culture : culture in legends

Kirja-arvio

Imperiaalinen Liiga: Ammattilaispelaajien asema League of Legends-pelissä

Pro-gradu tutkielmani koskee ammatikseen videopeleissä kilpailevien pelaajien työskentelyolosuhteita. Elektroninen urheilu on viimevuosina kasvanut pienen joukon harrastuksesta varsin tunnetuksi kilpailuiksi ja viihteeksi. Kuten tavanomaisessakin urheilussa, myös e-urheilussa kilpailijat ovat alansa tähtiä ja juuri he vetävät katsojia ruutujen ääreen ja paikanpäälle seuraamaan kilpailua. Kuitenkin e-urheilussa he ovat usein heikoimmassa asemassa, joukkueiden ja kilpailuiden järjestäjien pitäessä lähes kaiken vallan itsellään. Keskityin tutkielmassani avaamaan yhden e-urheilupelin, League of Legendsin, ammattilaissarjojen sääntöjä ja erilaisia sopimuksia joita ammattilaispelaajien on allekirjoitettava ja hyväksyttävä, kaikkia pelaajia koskevista pelin sisäisistä käytössäännöistä, pelin loppukäyttäjän lisenssisopimuksesta ja käyttöehdoista, aina ammattilaiskilpailuiden virallisiin sääntöihin ja pelaajasopimukseen jonka ammattilaispelaajat solmivat Riot Gamesin kanssa. Metodina käytin Michael Hardtin ja Antonio Negrin kehittämää imperiumin käsitettä, jonka avulla avasin sääntöjen ja sopimusten vaikutuksia pelaajiin ja heidän asemaansa. League of Legendsin kehittäjä ja tärkein ammattilaiskilpailuiden järjestäjä, Riot Games, toimii hyvin samalla tavalla kuin Hardtin ja Negrin imperiumi. Sillä on mahdollisuus pelinsä yhteydessä käyttää samanlaisia voimakeinoja (ammattilais)pelaajien hallintaan kuin imperiuminkin; se hallitsee kaikkia peliinsä liittyviä markkinoita; toimii samanaikaisesti sekä ’lakeja’ säätävänä, tutkivana, että tuomitsevana tahona; kykenee vaikuttamaan voimakkaasti siihen, miten ja mitä ammattilaispelaajat voivat peliin liittyen julkisesti kommunikoida; ja voi päättää kuka ylipäätänsä osallistuu ammattilaisjoukkueiden toimintaan millään tavalla. Toisin kuin Hardtin ja Negrin imperiumin väellä, ammattilaispelaajilla ei ole samanlaisia mahdollisuuksia vapautumiseen imperiumin vallan alta, ilman vaikeaa ja kallista taistelua oikeudessa Riot Gamesia vastaan. Jotta ammattilaispelaajien asema paranisi, olisi Riot Gamesin muutettava toimintatapojaan ja luovuttava varsin suuresta osaa vallastaan. Esimerkiksi ottamalla ammattilaispelaajat mukaan sääntöjen kehitykseen ja mahdollistamalla Riot Gamesin päätösten haastamisen, vaikka tavanomaiselle urheilulle tyypillisen vetoomustuomioistuimen kautta.

Acquisition Failure: The case of a multinational enterprise from an emerging market failing in Indonesia.

The escalation in the number of mergers and acquisition transactions involving emerging market firms is a relatively recent phenomenon; as a consequence academic research in such topic is rather limited. The purpose of this research study was to discuss the possible reasons that led the acquisition failure of an emerging multinational firm and an Indonesian player. Extensive theoretical research was performed and it had been achieved, based on this, the finding of a framework that facilitated to understand the way in which the concepts of cultural distances and relate liabilities of foreignness in the process of acquisitions of foreign companies in emerging markets. The theoretical background collects literature related to acquisitions, models of cultural studies between nations and liabilities of foreignness. It has been generated a variety of frameworks that aid to understand the way that the institutional distance and cultural factors together with the concept of liabilities of foreignness can affect the process of market entry of an emerging multinational company to the extent that the best way to stop losing money is to abandon the project. The empirical research consisted of selective semi-structured interviews and an extensive research in available public data on the chosen study case of this research. There were several factors that were identified as the cause of the failure in the market entry of a Mexican multinational firm in Indonesia. The weakness shown by the local government authorities was used by the local community leaders who rioted because of discomfort. These groups were the ones who made the government submit to the extent that the agreements reached at the beginning of the deal were either canceled or modified in a way that favored always the local community. The contributions of this study fall into the knowledge field of emerging multinational firms and market entry process.

Living and fishing in a marine protected area : balancing traditional fisheries with conservation in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia

Cette recherche a porté sur quelques enjeux importants liés à la gestion des aires marines protégées (AMP) en Indonésie en examinant comment celles-ci sont en mesure d'adapter leurs politiques afin de mieux répondre à l'évolution des conditions socioéconomiques et écologiques, quels ont été les impacts socioéconomiques de ces aires, et quelles sont les préoccupations environnementales des acteurs locaux dont les moyens de subsistance dépendent des ressources règlementées. Le «livelihoods framework » a servi de guide pour notre analyse des changements socioéconomiques dans la région, tandis que la notion d’« environmentality » d’Agrawal a fourni les bases théoriques pour l'examen de la formation de sujets environnementaux au parc national de Karimunjawa. Cette étude a montré que les changements de politique apportés au plan de la gestion du parc sont un pas dans la bonne direction, mais que les objectifs importants liés sa cogestion n'ont jamais été entièrement réalisés dans la pratique. Les résultats montrent également que d'importants changements socioéconomiques surviennent dans le parc, de nombreux pêcheurs se tournent vers des moyens de subsistance alternatifs, afin de compenser la baisse des prises de poissons. Enfin, cette étude a révélé que d'importants changements positifs dans les préoccupations environnementales sont survenus depuis la modification du zonage du parc, mais que ceux-ci ne se sont pas entièrement traduits en conformité avec les règles et règlements de l'AMP.

A Study on the Efficiency of Islamic Economic Instruments in Selected Islamic Countries

Department of Applied Economics,Cochin University of Science and Technology