The Steamer Albatross and Early Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., Research in Alaska

The U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross made its first cruise to Alaska in 1888 primarily to research the Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus; however, Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., was also to be studied, if time permitted. In 1889, concern for salmon overharvesting prompted Congress to authorize an investigation into the habits, abundance, and distribution of Alaska’s salmon, and in 1890 the Albatross returned to Alaska. Over the next 20+ years the Albatross made many other productive and pioneering research voyages to Alaska, the last in 1914.

The Marine Life Fishery in Florida, 1990–98

The marine life fishery in Florida is defined as the harvest of live marine specimens (fish and invertebrate species including plants, and also live rock, and live sand) for commercial use, primarily as ornamentals for the aquarium market. This paper summarizes the regulatory measures that have been implemented and the data collected on 318 species between 1990 and 1998. Regional analysis shows the primary collecting areas, and seasonal analysis shows when the majority of landings occur. Statistics on the number of participants provide insight into the size of the industry.

Semblanzas Ictiológicas: Ezequiel Mabragaña

A través de esta serie intentaremos conocer diferentes facetas personales de los integrantes de nuestra “comunidad”. El cuestionario, además de su principal objetivo, con sus respuestas quizás nos ayude a encontrar entre nosotros puntos en común que vayan más allá de nuestros temas de trabajo y sea un aporte a futuros estudios históricos. Esperamos que esta iniciativa pueda ser otro nexo entre los ictiólogos de la región, ya que consideramos que el resultado general trascendería nuestras fronteras.

银鲫复合种外源遗传物质整入的RAPD分析

在优化RAPD检测条件的基础上，采用40对随机引物，比较分析了银鲫复合种、异育银鲫和兴国红鲤相互间扩增DNA片段的异同性。总的来说，银鲫复合种和异育银鲫具有基本一致的扩增产物，而与兴国红鲤的扩增产物多数不同。相似率分析表明，银鲫复合种与兴国红鲤之间的相似率为31.6％，异育银鲫与兴国红鲤之间的相似率为28．6％。在分析中，除发现银鲫复合种、异育银鲫与兴国红鲤间共有的扩增片段外，还发现了银鲫复合种与兴国红鲤间共有的扩增片段以及银鲫复合种所特有的DNA扩增带。本研究不但为银鲫复合种异源遗传成分的整人提供了新的

MBE growth of very short period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices on (001) GaAs substrates

First, GaSb epilayers were grown on (001) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We determined that the GaSb layers had very smooth surfaces using atomic force microscopy. Then, very short period InAs/ GaSb superlattices (SLs) were grown on the GaSb buffer layer. The optical and crystalline properties of the superlattices were studied by low-temperature photoluminescence spectra and high resolution transition electron microscopy. In order to determine the interface of SLs, the samples were tested by Raman-scattering spectra at room temperature. Results indicated that the peak wavelength of SLs with clear interfaces and integrated periods is between 2.0 and 2.6 mu m. The SL interface between InAs and GaSb is InSb-like.

防护林衰退研究进展

森林衰退问题已成为21世纪全球环境发展的难题之一,而占中国森林总面积31%的防护林出现部分严重衰退,形势严峻。本文在广泛收集国内外相关文献的基础上,提出防护林在生长发育过程中出现的生理机能下降,因生产力、地力衰退、林分结构不合理等导致防护效能下降的状态即为防护林衰退。总结了引起防护林衰退的主要原因,包括:没有适地适树、林分结构不合理、缺乏合理的经营管理、人为干扰和频发的自然干扰等。本文从防护林衰退机理、防护林结构、经营管理、人为干扰、林种结构等方面分析了中国防护林研究存在的主要问题,建议今后应加强对防护林衰退形成过程和机制、衰退的早期诊断与评价、防护林衰退防治以及防护林宏观布局和应对干扰策略等方面的研究。

CLIGEN非降水参数在黄土高原的适应性评估

天气生成器(CLIGEN)可以产生以日为时间单元的天气数据,从而广泛应用于土壤侵蚀和作物生长模拟模型,其模拟结果的优劣直接影响这些模型的输出结果。利用散布黄土高原的12个标准气象站点长时间序列的气候数据评估CLIGEN模拟非降水参数(温度、太阳辐射、风速)的能力。结果表明:CLIGEN能较好的模拟日最高温度;对日最低温度与露点温度的模拟次之;模型对太阳辐射和风速的模拟较差,特别是对风速的模拟,模拟值要显著的高于实测值。CLIGEN模拟的温度日较差、第1天最高温度与第2天最低温度之差、第2天最高温度与第1天最低温度之差的均值和标准差普遍偏高,但均值的误差较小,而标准差被过高模拟;模型在产生气候数据时,没有保持逐日渐变性和连续性。CLIGEN能够较好的模拟最高温度与最低温度的季节连续性与相关性;而过高的模拟了太阳辐射的季节相关性以及温度与太阳辐射的季节互相关性;同时,模型没有模拟出各气象要素自身及其之间的逐日相关性。

Landscape change detection of the newly created wetland in Yellow River Delta

Four models are employed in the landscape change detection of the newly created wetland. The models include ones for patch connectivity. ecological diversity, human impact intensity and mean center of land cover. The landscape data of the newly created wetland in Yellow River Delta in 1984, 1991, and 1996 are produced from the unsupervised classification and the supervised classification on the basis of integrating Landsat TM images of the newly created wetland in the four seasons of the each year. The result from operating the models into the data shows that the newly created wetland landscape in Yellow River Delta had a great chance. The driving focus of the change are mainly from natural evolution of the newly created wetland and rapid population growth, especially non-peasant population growth in Yellow River Delta because a considerable amount of oil and gas fields have been found in the Yellow River Delta. For preventing the newly created wetland from more destruction and conserving benign Succession of the ecosystems in the newly created wetland, six measures are suggested on the basis of research results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.