As linguagens documentais para as bibliotecas escolares: o caso da Espanha, Portugal e Brasil

This article analyzes the specific features and processes of indexing and classification performed in school libraries to process and retrieve information from their collections. Subject languages used in Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese school libraries are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the concept of school library was analyzed, its function was studied and the techniques and tools that allow the information organization were examined. Among the tools, we studied the Subject Headings Lists for children and juveniles’ books and the Subject Headings List for public libraries, the Universal Decimal Classification System (paperback edition) or the classification by fields of interest and specialized thesauri like the Tesauro de la Educación UNESCO-OIE and the TesauroEuropeo de la Educación.

Linguagens documentais para as bibliotecas escolares: o caso da Espanha, Portugal e Brasil

This article analyzes the specific features and processes of indexing and classification performed in school libraries to process and retrieve information from their collections. Subject languages used in Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese school libraries are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the concept of school library was analyzed, its function was studied and the techniques and tools that allow the information organization were examined. Among the tools, we studied the Subject Headings Lists for children and juveniles'books and the Subject Headings List for public libraries, the Universal Decimal Classification System (paperback edition) or the classification by fields of interest and specialized thesauri like the Tesauro de la Educacion UNESCO-OIE and the TesauroEuropeo de la Educacion.

A exaustividade e a especificidade como valores éticos no processo de indexação: aspectos conceituais e deontológicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos éticos em organização da informação: um estudo em códigos de ética do profissional arquivista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A exaustividade e a especificidade como valores éticos no processo de indexação: aspectos conceituais e deontológicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos éticos em organização da informação: um estudo em códigos de ética do profissional arquivista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

FOLKSONOMIA: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUA OPERACIONALIDADE E SUA POSSÍVEL APLICABILIDADE NA CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO

O artigo apresenta uma análise da operacionalidade das Folksonomias e a possibilidade de aplicação dessa ferramenta nos sistemas de organização da informação da área de Ciência da Informação. Para tanto foi realizada uma análise de coerência de tags e dos recursos disponíveis para etiquetagem em dois websites, a Last.fm e o CiteULike. Por meio dessa análise constatou-se que em ambos os websites ocorreram incoerências e discrepâncias nas tags utilizadas. Todavia, o sistema da Last.fm demonstrou-se mais funcional que o do CiteULike obtendo um desempenho melhor. Por fim, sugere-se a junção das Folksonomias às Ontologias, que permitiriam a criação de sistemas automatizados de organização de conteúdos informacionais alimentados pelos próprios usuários

Science publication workshops as a strategy to improve the visibility of scholarly production: the experience of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) - Brazil

The objective of this work is to present the experience of workshops that have been developed at the University of Sao Paulo by the Integrated Library System in partnership with Research Commission. The poster presents the main results of workshops that were made in 2011, in two knowledge areas: life science and engineering, about science publication processes, and directed to graduates, pos-doctorates, researchers, professors and library staff. The realization of workshops made possible identifies gaps in different aspects of scholarly communication such as research planning, search information strategy, information organization, submission process, identification of journals with high impact, and so on, areas where professors and librarians can help. Besides, workshops reveal that the majority of participants believe in its importance. Despite the ubiquity of digital technology that transversely impacts all academic activities, it is imperative to promote efforts to find a convergence between information and media literacy in higher education and university research activities. This is particularly important when we talk about how science is produced, communicated and preserved for future use. In this scenario, libraries and librarians assume a new, more active and committed role.

Archivos personales : Su tipo particular de organización y tratamiento documental

Así como la conceptualización de los archivos de autor resulta conflictiva en el sentido de que aún no se encuentran coincidencias en las distintas disciplinas involucradas, por su naturaleza y características los archivos personales requieren un tratamiento distinto a los públicos o institucionales. Si bien algunos aspectos inherentes a cualquier institución archivística (por ejemplo la difusión o el uso de ciertas normas internacionales o de determinados instrumentos para la recuperación de la información) no deben excluirse en el tratamiento de los mismos, ciertas tareas tendrán características peculiares: el tratamiento de los fondos, la política de descarte de documentos, la elaboración del cuadro de clasificación, entre otras. El presente trabajo se propone realizar aportes para la organización de un tipo especial de archivos como son los personales, dentro de los cuales se incluyen aquéllos fondos documentales generados por escritores (archivos de autor) que son fuentes de información fundamentales para las investigaciones en el campo literario

Archivos personales : Su tipo particular de organización y tratamiento documental

Así como la conceptualización de los archivos de autor resulta conflictiva en el sentido de que aún no se encuentran coincidencias en las distintas disciplinas involucradas, por su naturaleza y características los archivos personales requieren un tratamiento distinto a los públicos o institucionales. Si bien algunos aspectos inherentes a cualquier institución archivística (por ejemplo la difusión o el uso de ciertas normas internacionales o de determinados instrumentos para la recuperación de la información) no deben excluirse en el tratamiento de los mismos, ciertas tareas tendrán características peculiares: el tratamiento de los fondos, la política de descarte de documentos, la elaboración del cuadro de clasificación, entre otras. El presente trabajo se propone realizar aportes para la organización de un tipo especial de archivos como son los personales, dentro de los cuales se incluyen aquéllos fondos documentales generados por escritores (archivos de autor) que son fuentes de información fundamentales para las investigaciones en el campo literario

Archivos personales : Su tipo particular de organización y tratamiento documental

Así como la conceptualización de los archivos de autor resulta conflictiva en el sentido de que aún no se encuentran coincidencias en las distintas disciplinas involucradas, por su naturaleza y características los archivos personales requieren un tratamiento distinto a los públicos o institucionales. Si bien algunos aspectos inherentes a cualquier institución archivística (por ejemplo la difusión o el uso de ciertas normas internacionales o de determinados instrumentos para la recuperación de la información) no deben excluirse en el tratamiento de los mismos, ciertas tareas tendrán características peculiares: el tratamiento de los fondos, la política de descarte de documentos, la elaboración del cuadro de clasificación, entre otras. El presente trabajo se propone realizar aportes para la organización de un tipo especial de archivos como son los personales, dentro de los cuales se incluyen aquéllos fondos documentales generados por escritores (archivos de autor) que son fuentes de información fundamentales para las investigaciones en el campo literario

Collection-Level Subject Access in Aggregations of Digital Collections: Metadata Application and Use

Problems in subject access to information organization systems have been under investigation for a long time. Focusing on item-level information discovery and access, researchers have identified a range of subject access problems, including quality and application of metadata, as well as the complexity of user knowledge required for successful subject exploration. While aggregations of digital collections built in the United States and abroad generate collection-level metadata of various levels of granularity and richness, no research has yet focused on the role of collection-level metadata in user interaction with these aggregations. This dissertation research sought to bridge this gap by answering the question “How does collection-level metadata mediate scholarly subject access to aggregated digital collections?” This goal was achieved using three research methods: • in-depth comparative content analysis of collection-level metadata in three large-scale aggregations of cultural heritage digital collections: Opening History, American Memory, and The European Library • transaction log analysis of user interactions, with Opening History, and • interview and observation data on academic historians interacting with two aggregations: Opening History and American Memory. It was found that subject-based resource discovery is significantly influenced by collection-level metadata richness. The richness includes such components as: 1) describing collection’s subject matter with mutually-complementary values in different metadata fields, and 2) a variety of collection properties/characteristics encoded in the free-text Description field, including types and genres of objects in a digital collection, as well as topical, geographic and temporal coverage are the most consistently represented collection characteristics in free-text Description fields. Analysis of user interactions with aggregations of digital collections yields a number of interesting findings. Item-level user interactions were found to occur more often than collection-level interactions. Collection browse is initiated more often than search, while subject browse (topical and geographic) is used most often. Majority of collection search queries fall within FRBR Group 3 categories: object, concept, and place. Significantly more object, concept, and corporate body searches and less individual person, event and class of persons searches were observed in collection searches than in item searches. While collection search is most often satisfied by Description and/or Subjects collection metadata fields, it would not retrieve a significant proportion of collection records without controlled-vocabulary subject metadata (Temporal Coverage, Geographic Coverage, Subjects, and Objects), and free-text metadata (the Description field). Observation data shows that collection metadata records in Opening History and American Memory aggregations are often viewed. Transaction log data show a high level of engagement with collection metadata records in Opening History, with the total page views for collections more than 4 times greater than item page views. Scholars observed viewing collection records valued descriptive information on provenance, collection size, types of objects, subjects, geographic coverage, and temporal coverage information. They also considered the structured display of collection metadata in Opening History more useful than the alternative approach taken by other aggregations, such as American Memory, which displays only the free-text Description field to the end-user. The results extend the understanding of the value of collection-level subject metadata, particularly free-text metadata, for the scholarly users of aggregations of digital collections. The analysis of the collection metadata created by three large-scale aggregations provides a better understanding of collection-level metadata application patterns and suggests best practices. This dissertation is also the first empirical research contribution to test the FRBR model as a conceptual and analytic framework for studying collection-level subject access.

Usefulness of social tagging in organizing and providing access to the web: An analysis of indexing consistency and quality

This dissertation research points out major challenging problems with current Knowledge Organization (KO) systems, such as subject gateways or web directories: (1) the current systems use traditional knowledge organization systems based on controlled vocabulary which is not very well suited to web resources, and (2) information is organized by professionals not by users, which means it does not reflect intuitively and instantaneously expressed users’ current needs. In order to explore users’ needs, I examined social tags which are user-generated uncontrolled vocabulary. As investment in professionally-developed subject gateways and web directories diminishes (support for both BUBL and Intute, examined in this study, is being discontinued), understanding characteristics of social tagging becomes even more critical. Several researchers have discussed social tagging behavior and its usefulness for classification or retrieval; however, further research is needed to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate social tagging in order to verify its quality and benefit. This research particularly examined the indexing consistency of social tagging in comparison to professional indexing to examine the quality and efficacy of tagging. The data analysis was divided into three phases: analysis of indexing consistency, analysis of tagging effectiveness, and analysis of tag attributes. Most indexing consistency studies have been conducted with a small number of professional indexers, and they tended to exclude users. Furthermore, the studies mainly have focused on physical library collections. This dissertation research bridged these gaps by (1) extending the scope of resources to various web documents indexed by users and (2) employing the Information Retrieval (IR) Vector Space Model (VSM) - based indexing consistency method since it is suitable for dealing with a large number of indexers. As a second phase, an analysis of tagging effectiveness with tagging exhaustivity and tag specificity was conducted to ameliorate the drawbacks of consistency analysis based on only the quantitative measures of vocabulary matching. Finally, to investigate tagging pattern and behaviors, a content analysis on tag attributes was conducted based on the FRBR model. The findings revealed that there was greater consistency over all subjects among taggers compared to that for two groups of professionals. The analysis of tagging exhaustivity and tag specificity in relation to tagging effectiveness was conducted to ameliorate difficulties associated with limitations in the analysis of indexing consistency based on only the quantitative measures of vocabulary matching. Examination of exhaustivity and specificity of social tags provided insights into particular characteristics of tagging behavior and its variation across subjects. To further investigate the quality of tags, a Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) was conducted to determine to what extent tags are conceptually related to professionals’ keywords and it was found that tags of higher specificity tended to have a higher semantic relatedness to professionals’ keywords. This leads to the conclusion that the term’s power as a differentiator is related to its semantic relatedness to documents. The findings on tag attributes identified the important bibliographic attributes of tags beyond describing subjects or topics of a document. The findings also showed that tags have essential attributes matching those defined in FRBR. Furthermore, in terms of specific subject areas, the findings originally identified that taggers exhibited different tagging behaviors representing distinctive features and tendencies on web documents characterizing digital heterogeneous media resources. These results have led to the conclusion that there should be an increased awareness of diverse user needs by subject in order to improve metadata in practical applications. This dissertation research is the first necessary step to utilize social tagging in digital information organization by verifying the quality and efficacy of social tagging. This dissertation research combined both quantitative (statistics) and qualitative (content analysis using FRBR) approaches to vocabulary analysis of tags which provided a more complete examination of the quality of tags. Through the detailed analysis of tag properties undertaken in this dissertation, we have a clearer understanding of the extent to which social tagging can be used to replace (and in some cases to improve upon) professional indexing.

Social Tagging and the Next Steps for Indexing: Fordist Relexivity and Intertextuality

Social tagging, as a particular type of indexing, has thrown into question the nature of indexing. Is it a democratic process? Can we all benefit from user-created tags? What about the value added by professionals? Employing an evolving framework analysis, this paper addresses the question: what is next for indexing? Comparing social tagging and subject cataloguing; this paper identifies the points of similarity and difference that obtain between these two kinds of information organization frameworks. The subsequent comparative analysis of the parts of these frameworks points to the nature of indexing as an authored, personal, situational, and referential act, where differences in discursive placement divide these two species. Furthermore, this act is contingent on implicit and explicit understanding of purpose and tools available. This analysis allows us to outline desiderata for the next steps in indexing.

Comparative Functional Analysis of Boundary Infrastructures, Library Classification, and Folksonomies

This paper outlines three information organization frameworks: library classification, social tagging, and boundary infrastructures. It then outlines functionality of these frameworks. The paper takes a neo-pragmatic approach. The paper finds that these frameworks are complementary, and by understanding the differences and similarities that obtain between them, researchers and developers can begin to craft a vocabulary of evaluation.