A influência da eleição de mulheres na participação política feminina: uma análise no cenário brasileiro

A participação política das mulheres é tema recorrente nos estudos sobre a desigualdade de gênero em diversas esferas da sociedade. Com uma literatura ainda incipiente, o estudo sobre o efeito que a eleição de mulheres tem sobre o aumento da participação política feminina em eleições subsequentes ainda não tem vertentes com foco no caso brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho é, mediante estudo dos dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE), mensurar a influência que a eleição de mulheres para o cargo de prefeito tem sobre a filiação de novas mulheres aos partidos políticos em pleitos subsequentes. O quadro metodológico se desenvolve ao redor das regressões descontínuas (RDD na abreviação em inglês), cuja funcionalidade é testar descontinuidades estruturais que seriam causadas pela eleição de prefeitas. Dentre os resultados, encontramos relações causais dúbias e a ausência de robustez nas análises estatísticas não nos permite tirar conclusões que corroborem a hipótese testada no trabalho.

Ser educador de infância numa profissão eminentemente feminina

Este estudo procura compreender como a falta de profissionais do sexo masculino na educação de infância (cerca de 98,6% no ano lectivo de 2005/06 na Região Autónoma da Madeira) pode se repercutir nos modelos identitários que as instituições de educação pré-escolar proporcionam às crianças. Pretendemos conhecer como numa mesma organização algumas representações desfavorecem os homens no momento da tomada de opção para a entrada no curso de educador de infância, assim como, demonstrar trajectórias bem sucedidas no sentido de atenuar os estereótipos associados a uma profissão tradicionalmente feminina e contribuir para definir o seu lugar na educação pré-escolar. Deste modo, o nosso objectivo principal é reflectir sobre o modo como o género se apresenta, enquanto categoria decisiva na escolha da profissão de educador de infância, evidenciando através de exemplos empíricos como os estabelecimentos de educação pré-escolar ainda estão imbuídos de ideias e valores que social e culturalmente são considerados práticas femininas. Tais representações, associadas aos dois géneros, podem ser alvo de mudança se considerarmos que os homens são sujeitos decisivos neste processo de transformação de mentalidades. Procuramos, também, compreender de que modo a prática docente masculina é relevante para a formação da identidade de género da criança em idade pré-escolar, num contexto social em constante mudança, onde as relações de parentesco são feitas e refeitas constantemente, faltando a muitas crianças o referente masculino no ambiente familiar. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos um estudo de cariz qualitativo em três estabelecimentos de educação na RAM: dois infantários situados no meio urbano, sendo um deles privado e outro pertencente à rede pública e um estabelecimento pré-escolar localizado no meio rural. A investigação envolveu todos os intervenientes do acto educativo: encarregados de educação, educadores, educadoras, auxiliares de educação, directores de escola e crianças.

Prevalência da infecção por papilomavírus humano, herpes simplex tipo 1 e 2 e Chlamydia trachomatis em um segmento da população feminina da grande Natal/RN

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the largest public health problems, especially in developing countries. The acquisition of these infections during early sexual activity is common and many infections have a benign course. However, in some pathogens remain in the state of latency can be reactivated and cause productive infection that may progress to severe forms. In addition, some of them are transmitted vertically resulting in congenital infection, causing immediate damage or long-term child. The classic risk factors for sexually transmitted agents are: early onset of sexual and reproductive health, multiple sexual partners throughout life, use of oral contraceptives and co-infections with different pathogens. We present the results of a cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in a segment of the female population of the metropolitan area Christmas, among those who enrolled voluntarily sought, Basic Health Units for the examination of cancer screening cervix in the period 2008 to 2010. All participants, a total of 261 women answered a standard questionnaire by which identified the socio-demographic characteristics, classical risk factors for STDs, reproductive and sexual activity and smoking. Of each patient were obtained two samples, one for the completion of the Pap test for detection of cellular changes and the other processed for DNA extraction and analyzed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to detect the three pathogens studied. The population of the study was composed of sexually active women aged between 13 and 79 years, mean 38.7 years, most of them being married, low education levels and low incomes. The majority (87%) had normal results on cytology and only 2.7% had low-grade cytological abnormalities. Prevalence rates were 37.9% for HPV, 4.6% for CT and 26% for HSV. HPV prevalence was higher in women under 25, unmarried and in those who had multiple sexual partners. Women with simultaneous infection by HSV-1 and 2 had higher prevalence of HPV infection. The prevalence of HSV infection showed no association whatsoever with the risk factors analyzed and HSV-1 was the predominant type among the cases of genital HSV infection. The overall prevalence of C. Trachomatis was relatively low, thus providing greater value in younger women aged less than or equal to 20 years

Religião e mulher: liderança feminina no pentecostalismo evangélico.

The study aims to discuss women in the priesthood pentecostalism evangelical. The role of women as agents of leadership in the religious sphere allows the discussion about the possibility of the universe as a religious area of significant changes with regard to a reduction in gender differences in the present. The participation of women as agents of leadership of churches Pentecostals is interpreted as a new option for women beyond the domestic space, however, want to clarify the existence and occurrence of on-imposed limitations and inserted in the hierarchy of female power of religious denominations, noting are fruits of a structure hierarquizante not thought of women, but from the male universe.

Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN

This paper presents some reflections on the social world of young female transgression. The context corresponds to those ones that obey social and educational measures in The Padre João Maria Education Centre (CEDUC), in Natal- RN. This behavior, according to the Statute of Children and Young (ECA, 1990), is defined as "conduct described as crime or misdemeanor." Our goal is to discuss aspects of the contexts in which young women are interacting with the universe of total institutional control mechanisms. Through the socio-anthropological analysis of the ethnographic practice in field research, it was necessary to question the concept of misuse engaged in the practice of penalties awarded to young women in the context of private freedom. So was built a frame relating the representations of the relations of gender, generation, the practice of violence and crime from the look on CEDUC/ Padre João Maria Education Centre

Ideal Mariano e docência: a identidade feminina da Proposta Educativa Marista

In the teaching history course it s found the female teacher entering, reflecting significantly in the continuous process of her identity redefinitions and reconstruction. This entering brings, even in a silent and not explicit way, the confluence of gender identity to professional identity, in which are present the relations of the proper to female. In the mastership case, these relations are found imbricated in the teaching identity construction and in the translation of this profession as female, based in Virgin Mary, through Mariano ideal diffused by the catholic church. Therefore there is a lanck in educational historiography towards the register of female teachers presence, mainly in male religious institute, the reason of this study, in which we seek to investigate: how to explain that a female identity can give support to a highly male educational project? What relations can we establish between this female identity and the entering of female teachers in Maristas Province Schools of North Brazil? We performed a bibliographic research in Maristas Schools Libraries, of Marista historial, in Recife, of Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Catholic University), in Curitiba-PR. We searched for support in studies about pedagogy history, of Marista Institute, Catholic Church, Brasilian Education and of Women; Mariologic studies, the referring to Marista Educational Proposal, to feminization and to teaching identity; and feminist theology productions. The empirical research included 10 schools from referred province and Marista Schools from Lisbon Portugal. Through semi-estructured interviews, we interviewed pioneer female teachers, Marista former Brothers and Brothers from those schools, due to their presence and action within the study period and for the concern to save their memories about the theme. The study reveals the particularities of Mariano ideal as female model and teaching, and her presence in Marista Educational Proposal. This study, in a historical approach, aims to contribute to give visibility to the woman in history and teaching construction in Brazil, mainly in religious institutions from male origin